2022年高三英语一轮复习---定语从句讲义.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -定语从句（一）基本概念1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容, 这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分.关系词的分类和基本用法表一分类指代引导词人who, whom, that, as关系代词事物which, that, as人或物（表所属关系） 的点whosewhere关系副词时间when缘由why表二关系代词指代例句说

2、明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_whoTheman whohelpedyouisMr White.在定从中作主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_That is the personwhom/who/thatwhomyou want to see.在定从中作宾语,可省略可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_whosethat人He is the fatherwhose son studies very well in our class.I m not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作定语在定从中作表语可

3、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_asHe is such a lazyman as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作宾语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_thatThe only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作宾语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A dictionaryis a useful book whichwhichtells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_事物w

4、hoseHe lives in a room whose window faces southIt is such a big stone as nobody canaslift.整句内容As is knownto all,he is the beststudent.表三在定从中作定语在定从中作宾语在定从中作主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_关系副词指代例句说明Would you suggest a time when we可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_when时间where的点can have a talk.The house wherethey live

5、is not very large.在定从中作状语在定从中作状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_why缘由（二）定语从句的留意点This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作

6、状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_本部分的内容比较复杂,为便于考生一目了然,我们试图用表格的形式出现给考生.1. that 与 which, who, whom的用法区分情况用法说明例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_只用 that 的情形只用 which,who, whom 的情形只用 that, inwhich 或不用关系词的情形 先 行 词 为all,everything,anything, nothing, little, much, 等不定代词时先行词被all,any, every,each, much,little, no, some, few 等

7、修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被the only, the very 修饰时句中已经有who 或 which 时,为了防止重复时在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom 指人在由“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which 指物, whom 指人.先行词本身是that 时,关系词用which,先行词为those, one, he 时多用 who .the way 做先行词时 He told me everything that he knows. Allthe booksthat youofferedhas been giv

8、en out. This is the best filmthat I have everread. Wetalkedaboutthepersons and things that we remembered. He is the only man that I want to see. Whoistheman thatismakinga speech. He has a son, who has gone abroadfor further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect o

9、thers are usuallyrespected by others. Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you. I was struck by the beauty of the wayin which she stood. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which可编辑资料

10、- - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2. as、which 和 that 的区分从句区别例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_限制性 定语从句中非限制性 定语从句中the same. as和 the same .that名词前有such 和 the same 修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用 whichas 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句.假如有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前, 也可以放在后面, 那么用 as. 而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思.the same. as 指同类事物the same .that 指原物He is not suc

11、h a fool as he looks.Don t readsuchbooksasyoucan t understand.They won the game, as we had expected. Theywonthegame, whichwehadn t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具,不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工

12、具.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3. where、when 与 why 引导的定语从句关系副词用法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_wherewhen关系副词where 引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作的点状语,其修饰的名词必需是表示详细或抽象的 的点的名词.关系副词w

13、hen 引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必需是表示时间的名词.We re just trying to teach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. whichThere was time I hated to go to school.A. a; thatB. a; whenC. the; thatD. the ; when可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_why关系副词why 引导定语从

14、句时, 只能在定语从句中作缘由状语,其修饰的名词必需是表示缘由的名词.Do you know the reason why she was put into prison .你知道她坐牢的缘由吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4.“介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就显现 “介词 +关系代词 ”.先行词指物,用“介词 +which/whose ”,指人就用 “介词 +whom/whose”,且两个关系代词均不能省略.介词的挑选要遵循两个原就：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_原就

15、原就一内例句容I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before依据定语从句中谓语动词与A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.from先行词的搭配内容而定whichI could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction she had come. 解析 此题考查由“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从 句,依据句意用from which表示 “所来的那个方向”,故答案选 DThere are two buildings , stands nearly a

16、 hundred feet high.A. the largerB. the larger of them可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_原就二依据先行词而定5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象C. the larger one thatD. the larger of which 解 析 the larger of which 指 代 the larger of the two buildings , which 在定语从句中指代 building ,作介词 of 的宾语,故答案为 D .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词.但有

17、时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会常常遇到这种情形,在阅读是要留意识别先行词的修饰对象.现象例句 -Is that the small town you often refer to.- Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.A. thatB. whichC.whereD.what可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有：Ithink,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine 等.辨别的方法是：去

18、掉插入语后,原句句法结构仍旧完整. 解析 work 是不及物动词,先行词one 在定语从句中只能作的点状语,You know在句中作插入语,所以答案选C. He made another wonderful discovery , ofimportance to science .A.which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is 解析 这里 I think是插入语, which引导非限制可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选

19、 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语性定语从句,应选A .There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun. 在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星.乍一看, that 引导的定语从句在名词sky 的后面,好像应当是修饰sky 的.但认真一想,”不对

20、啊,天空怎么能象太阳了？“,原先that 引导的定语从句被in the sky 这个的点状语分隔开来,修饰中心词stars.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.你仍记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链？when I came to your house and borrowed

21、a diamondnecklace 实际上是修饰afternoon 而不是修饰years.ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来.此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平稳,常将定语从句移至谓语之后6.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区分A new master willcome tomorrowwho willteach you German.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_类别区别例句 MrL

22、ihas three daughters, none of isan可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_定语从句与并列句定语从句与状语从句定语从句与并列句的主要区分在于：并列句有像and,but, so等并列连词或两个句子用分号 连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了.定语从句的前面出名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词.定语从句修饰、 限制、说明名词, 只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情形,并且 可以放在主句的前面.When, where 和 why 在引导定语从句时可以用“介词which ”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句 时却不行.engineer Mr Liha

23、s three daughters, but none ofis a dancer从结构上看,小题是定语从句,故填whom .小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them. This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.这是几年前我们居住的的方.（定语从句,先行词为the place）Let s go where we can find a better job.我们到能找到更好的工作的的方去吧.（的点状语从句）Do you know the time when the class is over.你知道下课的时间吗？（定语

24、从句）It was already five o clock when the class was over.=When the class was over, it was already five o clock.当下课时己经是5 点了.（时间状语从句）Thisis the factoryinwhichwherehis father once worked.这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂.（定语从句）Put back the book where it was.把书放回原处. （状语从句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学

25、习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与强调句定语从句中的关系词在从句中 充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它就从句成分不完整.而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作 任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍旧完整.定语从句在复合句中相当于形 容词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用, 与先行词之间有从属关系. 同位语的作用相当于名词, 对前面

26、的名词赐予补充说明或进一步说明,是前面名词的详细内容 ,与先行词之间是同位关系.强调句的结构为 “It is was被强调部分 that从句”.被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,仍 可用 who 代替 that.这一句型中, 肯定不能由于被强调部分是表时间或的点的词就用when或where 代替that.It is such an interesting book as we all like.它是我们大家都喜爱的如此好玩的书.（ as 用作动词like 的宾语,它引导的是定语从句）It is such an interesting book that we all l

27、ike it.它是一本如此好玩的书,我们大家都喜爱它.（ that 不充当句子成分, 故它引导的是结果状语从句） The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很兴奋.（同位语从句）此句中的同位语从句The news that she had passed the exam可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed theexam.The news that he told us interested all of us.他告知我们的消息使大家都感爱好.

28、（定语从句）The news that he told us 是定语从句,此句不能改写为： The news is that he told us. It is on the morning of May1stI met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory Mr Wang works从结构上看：小题是强调句,故填that.小题就是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知thefactory 前差个介词in,故填where.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_此外仍要留意以下两点：定语从句与习惯句型用一个恰当的词完成以下句子,使之完整与正确. I

29、t is the first time she has been in Shanghai It was the time Chinese people had a hard life 解析：这里小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为：It is was the first second time that 从句.故填that,其意为：这是她第一次在上海.小题the time 是先行词,其后是表示时间的 定语从句,故填when.定语从句与简洁句用一个恰当的词完成以下句子,使之完整与正确. The mother told the lazy boy to work, didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work didnt help 解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区分在于：前者有主句,有从句,必需有关系词.而后者就是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词.小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,明显应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which ,前面整个句子作先行词.小题就填It,代替前面的整个句子.解题时,留意标点符号的运用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载