2022年高中英语语法归纳总结22 .docx
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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 键入文字 高中英语语法总结 第一章 主谓一样5. each of + 复数代词 , 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词 +each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说;6. 如主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语一 语法一样原就: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数 ,主语为复数 ,谓语也用复数. 以下为动词仍用单数;但 more+复数名词 +than one 做主语时 , 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy
2、likes playing basketball. 很多男生都喜爱打篮球. 留意事项 : 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like 像 , but 除More than one student was late. 不只一个同学迟到了,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than而不是 , including, in addition to 引导的短语 , 谓语动词仍用单数 . More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮忙
3、我们;如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质 . 7. none 做主语时 ,谓语动词可用单数 , 也可用复数 ; 但在代表不行数的东西时No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外 , 没有一 总是看作单数 ,因而谓语动词要用单数 . 如: 个人迟来用餐;None of us are is perfect. 人无完人;None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我焦急;2. 用 and 连接的并列主语 ,假如主语是同一个人 ,同一事 ,同一概念 , 谓语
4、动词用单数, 否就用复数 . 如 : 8. 名词如 : trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时 , 谓语动词必需用The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.一个人 复数 . 如: .如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前如显现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. 两样物 用 and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter黄油抹面A pai
5、r of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜;包, knife and fork 刀叉 等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数;3. 不定式 短语 , 动名词 短语 , 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以 ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如 : the United States; 报纸名如 : the New Times; 书名如 : Arabian Serving the people is my great happiness. Night ; 以及 The
6、 United Nations 等作主语时 , 谓语动词用为人民服务是我最大的幸福. 单数;When well go out for an outing has been decided. 10. “ a +名词 +and a half “ , “ one and a half + 名词”, “ the number of + 名词”我们什么时候出去郊游已打算了;4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或 no 修饰时 , 谓语动词用单数. 等作主语时 , 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table. Eve
7、ry boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜爱去游留意 : one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点;二 内容一样原就 : 泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有同学开会缺席 . Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮1.主语中有 all, ha
8、lf, most, the rest 等 , 以及” 分数或百分数+名词” 做主语时 ,谓语忙;_精品资料_ - - - - - - -动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如 : The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车,今日出售;第 1 页,共 31 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 键入文字 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了;等Where is your wife and children to stay while you are awa
9、y. Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的;你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?2. 用连词 or, either. or, neither .nor, not only .but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了;2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of作主语时 , 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: 语动词与靠近
10、它的主语在数上一样;如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到;Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 同学和老师都不知道这A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了;事. He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔;3. 加减乘除用单数.如: 留意 : one of +复数名词 +who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句
11、的动词为复数;如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15 减去 5 等于 10;Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一;4. 表示时间 , 金钱 , 距离 , 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为The only one of + 复数名词 + who/that./which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: 应为单数;Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离;Mary is the only one of
12、 those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯独一个饲养宠物的人;5. 1 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括 police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常其次章:非谓语动词用作复数 .如: The British police have only very limited powers. 2 通常作不行数名词的集体名词 . 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. 3 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括audience, committee, government, family, enemy, g
13、roup, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会打算解雇他;不定式( infinitive )、分词( participle )、动名词( gerund)是非谓语动词,在句 ;以下表格列出了他们各悠闲句中的作用;(表示可以在句中担任的语法成分, 就表示不行以;)定语状语种类作用主语宾语宾语补足语表语不定式6. the +形容词 /过去分词形式” 表示一类人或事物, 作主语时 , 谓语动词用复数.动名词如: 分词The injured were saved after the fir
14、e. 非谓语动词在句中的特点、性质、用法、区分及使用留意事项分述如下:三 就近原就第一节、非谓语动词作主语1. 由 here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, 有时主语不止一个时谓语动词与靠可作主语的非谓语形式为:不定式和动名词;其表达形式为:近它的主语在数上一样.如: 不定式: 主动态to do; 被动态to be done; 动名词: 主动态doing; 被动态being Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了 . done;Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸;例 1:To act
15、like that is foolish. _精品资料_ 第 2 页,共 31 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 键入文字 例 2:It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash. 要我用现金买那辆车是不行 2My hobby is collecting stamps. (动名词说明主语内容)能的;练习 1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult.例 3:Walking is a goo
16、d form of exercise for both young and old. ( 99 全国) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 例 4:What made you so late for work today . 2.分析句子是否正确 : What we do is prepare our students to face fierce Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy competitions when th
17、ey enter society. traffic. 由于交通拥挤,今早开车上班特别慢;答案 1、B;is 后有两个表语, 两者必需在结构上对称;第一个表语为不定式 to make 一般说来,动名词和不定式作主语,可以互换,其意义没有多大差别,但须 life easier ,就其次个表语也应当为不定式,所以选 B;留意以下两点:2、正确; 当主语部分有实义动词 do 时,作表语的不定式可以省略 to; 如没1表示详细的,特殊是未发生的动作,倾向用不定式(如例 2);有实义动词 do,表语中 to 不能省略;表示无时限的泛指动作(如例 3)或描述当时的情形 (如例 4),倾向用动名词;第三节、非
18、谓语动词作宾语2在以下句型用动名词作主语可作宾语的非谓语动词为:不定式和动名词;It is no good doing. ( 没有用)1不定式作宾语There is no doing. ( 不行能)例 1He demanded to know the truth. It is no good arguing with him. 和他争辩没有用;例 2The car failed to stop at the red light. 那辆轿车看到红灯没有停;There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what ma
19、y happen. 英语中有相当数量的动词,只能以不定式作宾语; 如: agree(同意),decide, refuse, 练习 1(改错) As is known, learn a foreign language well requires great efforts. pretend(假装),manage(设法),promise, seem, happen, hope, wish, offer to do(表2(改错) Though flying balloons are easy, balloonists must watch the weather 示愿望) afford to do
20、(买得起,承担得起) ,bother todo(特意),choose to do(愿carefully. 意或打算)attempt / seek to do(试图)learn to do(学习或学会)短语 would like( love)to do,would prefer to do(更情愿),be about to do(即将) , 3(挑选) _ to sunlight for too much will do harm to ones skin.介词but / except to do A. Exposed to B. Exposing C. Having exposed D. Be
21、ing exposed 例 1)I have no choice but to give up the plan. 2)There was nothing we could do except wait. 答案 1learn learning 原形动词不能作主语;2are is 单个动名词作主语,谓语用单数; 3.答案 D;句义:遭太阳暴晒对皮肤有害;此题考查动名词作主语;分析注: but / except 前有实义动词do, 其后 to 必需省去句子结构可知,待选项在句中作主语,又由于人与expose 为被动关系,请留意以下几点:所以选 D;其次节、非谓语动词作表语 可作表语的非谓语动词为:
22、不定式,动名词;1)疑问代词如what,which ;疑问副词如when, whether (why 除外)引导的不定式可作 know, decide 等的宾语,在意义上相当与一个未曾发生的宾语从句;例 1We havent decided what steps to take next. 1 Your task this morning is to deliver the mail to Professor Smith. 你今日上午的任 We haven t decided what steps we should take next. 2I really dont know whether
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