2022年高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_与现在事实相反的假设从句If+主语 + 助动词的过去式（ were, did, had ）主句主语 + should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If + 主语 +had+过去分词主 语 +should/would/could/might+have+过去分词例句If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If Iwere you, Ishould seize theopportunity to go abroad.If you had taken my advice, youwouldnothave f

2、ailedexam.inthe与将来事实相反的假设If+ 主语 + 动词过去式If+ 主语 +were to+动词原形If+ 主 语 +should+ 动词原形 留意不能是would主语 + should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewould have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow,wewould put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meetingtill ne

3、xt Monday.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一样时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要依据它表示的时间作出相应的调整.如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. if 省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把 were, had, should 提到句首,变成倒装句式.如：If I were at school

4、again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder.假如我仍有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.假如你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not

5、go climbing.假如明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了.用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有 with, without, but for.如：What would you dowith a million dollars . =if you had a million dollars假如你有 100 万元,你会做什么？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_We couldnt have finished the work ahead of timewithout your help . =if we hadn t got your help没有你的帮忙,我们不行能提前完成这项工

6、作.Without your help , we couldn t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,= If it had not been for your help,= Had it not been for you help,没有你的帮忙,我们不行能提前完成这项工作.含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是显现if 引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句.如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting

7、. 副词 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it. 连词 A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. 定语从句 I might have given you more help,but I was too busy. 连词 Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their output quick

8、ly. 独立主格结构 even if, even though 也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同.习题1. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, would preventD. were, would have prevented2. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have c

9、limbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD. had not been, could climb3. Without electricity 电 human life quite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be4. I didn t see your sister at the meeting, if she , she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did come

10、C. cameD. had come5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken6. He hesitated徘徊 for a moment before kicking 踢 the ball. Otherwise he a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored7

11、. right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leavesC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left8. Had he worked harder, he the exam.A. must have got throughB. would have got throughC. would get throughD. could get through9. He must have had an accident, or he then.A. would have b

12、een hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be here10. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not beingB. Had it not beenC. Without beingD. Not having been11. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we him.A. would have calledB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. h

13、ad telephoned虚拟语气 1复习题1. He you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD. may give2. for your laziness懒散, you could have finished the assignment任务 by now.A. Had it not beenB. It were notC. werent itD. Had not it been可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. If I ha

14、dnt stood under the ladder梯子 to catch you when you fell, you now.A. wouldnt be smilingB. couldnt have smiledC. wont smileD. didnt smile4. If it Professor Johnsons recommendation举荐, I wouldnt have beenadmitted to the graduate schoo研l 究生学院 .A. were not forB. had not been forC. were notD. had it not be

15、en5. If we do not develop a new kind of car, air pollution even more dangerous.A. should have becomeB. will becomeC. would have becomeD. must have become6. But for the stormy weather, we earlier.A. should arriveB. shall arriveC. should have arrivedD. shall have arrived7. If we their terms条款,条件 , we

16、would go bankrupt破产.A. acceptB. should acceptC. had acceptedD. are to accept8. John would never have gone to the hospital that Tom would be there, too.A. he did not knowB. if had he knownC. had he knownD. he would have known9. Had he been more careful, he that accident.A. would avoidB. would have av

17、oidedC. avoidedD. should avoid10. But that he came to help me, I there earlier.A. could not arriveB. could not have arrivedC. did not arriveD. can not arrive可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_11. She could look more attractive有 to her clothes.魅力的,吸引人的 but she no attention可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. paysB. was p

18、ayingC. paidD. had paid12. If I in his place, I would do that, too.A. wasB. wereC. amD. had been虚拟语气 2虚拟语气在名词从句中1. 在由 suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose 等表示建议、 恳求、 命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中,名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式,从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省去.（特

19、殊提示： 不是用 would,而是用 should.）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_常见的这类动词有: ask 要求 , advise, beg, suggest 建议, command 命令 , demand 要求, request 恳求 , insist, require 要求, order 下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer 宁愿 ,permit,persuade, expect,decide 决 定 ,instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等在 It is/was

20、 + 上述动词的 -ed 形式+that 从句中当上述动词以其名词形式显现,并且被用作主语,引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时2.在 It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that 从句中,常见的这类形容词有 :necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative 等Ourteacher suggested thatweshouldnot leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室.He insi

21、sted that she do it right now.他坚持她立刻就做.It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking.医生建议我戒烟.Mysuggestionisthat weshouldset outtomorrow morning.我建议我们明早动身. The suggestion that the sports meeting should put offItisnecessary thatyoushouldattend the meeting. 你有必要参与会议.It is imperative that

22、you arrive there in time.你必需按时到达那儿.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在 It is a pity a shame, no wonder+that 从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.练习题1.I insist that a doctor immediately.A. has been sent forB. sends forC. will be sent forD. be sent for2. The manager of the

23、 hotel requests要求 that their guests客人们 after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud musicB. shouldnt play loud musicC. dont play loudmusicD. couldnt play loud music3. Mike s uncle insists in this hotel.A. staying notB. not to stayC. that he would not stayD. that he not stay4. It was essential重要的 that the app

24、lication forms申请表 back before the headline截止日期 .A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent5. It is necessary the dictionary immediately.A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return6. It is proposed建议 that the matter事情,大事 discussed at the next meeting.

25、A. will beB. wasC. would beD. be可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios after 11 oclock at night.A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play8. We are all for your proposal that the discussion .A. be put offB. was put offC. should put o

26、ffD. is to put off9.I dont think it advisable 明智的,可取的,适当的 that Tom to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assigned10. It is essential必要的,重要的 that the books you borrowed from the library back before the deadline截 止日期 .A. be sentB. would be sen

27、tC. were sentD. must be sent11. He insisted that his father with them.A. goB. will goC. will be goingD. went12. The workers demanded that their wages by 20 percent.A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raised13. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge over th

28、e river.A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_虚拟语气 3虚拟语气的其他用法对现在的虚拟, 从句的谓语动词用过去时对过去的虚拟, 从句的谓语动词用 过去完成时 haddoneI wishI were a littleyounger.我期望我能够年轻一点.I wish Ihad been there. 我真期望我当时在那里.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在 wish 后面的宾语从句中在 if only 感叹句中或 “ would/cou

29、ld+ 现 在 完 成时”对将来的虚拟, 从句的谓语用“would/could+ 动词原形 ” 表示 “但愿” ,“要是就好了 ”用法和 wish 基本相同, 只是比 wish 具有更剧烈的感情颜色.I wish I had not attended that party.我真期望我当时没参 加那个聚会.I wish he could explain what he means.Ifonlythe rainwould stop. 对将来的虚拟 但愿雨能停.Ifonly I were taller. 对现在的虚拟 我的个子要是能高一点就好了.If only I had followed your

30、 advice. 对过去 的虚拟 要是我听从了你的建议就好了；可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在 as if/as though 引导的从句中在 would rather 结构中在Itisabout,high time+that 从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现 在情形有所怀疑,谓语用过去时表示与过去事实相反, 谓语用过去完成时有时也用 陈述语气 ,这时表示较大的真实性或可能性would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的大事, “主语宁愿自己做某事”wouldratherhave done sth. 表示过去的大事, “ 主语宁愿自己过去做了某事,但实际上没有做”w

31、ould rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在的大事, “主语宁愿让另外一个人 做某事”would rather sb. had done 表示过去的大事, “主语宁愿别人过去做了某事, 但实际上没有做”从句中用 过去时, 表示早该做而未做的事, 并含有建议的意味.I really don t like the way you are speaking to me. It seems asif you were my father. 我真的特别厌恶你和我说话的方式.你听起来就似乎是我爸爸.He kepttellingus what had happened as ifhe had

32、beenthere himself.他不停的和我们讲发生的事情, 似乎他当时在场一样.It is becoming dark. It looks asifits going to rain.天变黑了,似乎就要下雨了.It seems as if he had been to America.他似乎去过美国.Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里.He wouldrather not stay athome tonight.他今晚不想在家呆着.She wouldrathernothavegone to the party. 她觉得真是不该去参与那个晚会.Don t

33、cometomorrow.I d ratheryoucamenext weekend. 明天就别来了,我期望你下周末过来.I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真期望你昨天把这本书仍了.It is high time that we began to work.咱们应当开头干活了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_练习题1.I wish I you yesterday.A. seenB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see2. If only he quietly as the do

34、ctor instructed, he wouldn t suffer 忍耐痛楚 so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldnt lie可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had4. Look at the terrible situation I am in. if only I your advice.A. followB. had foll

35、owedC. would followD. have followed5. He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he there.A. had beenB. has beenC. would have beenD. would be6.I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept7. Jack wishes that he busines

36、s instead of history when he was in university.A. had studiedB. studyC. studiedD. had been studying8. Its already five oclock now. Do you think it s about time .A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home9. “You are very selfish（自私） . It s high time you that you are not the mos

37、t important person in the world,”Jim said to his boss angrily.A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should realize10. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone11. I d rather you make any comment评论 on the issue问题 for the time

38、being目前A. don tB. wouldntC. didntD. shouldnt12. Wouldnt you rather your children to bed early.A. goB. wentC. would goD. does13. The manager经 理 would rather his daughter in the same office.A. had not workedB. not to workC. dose not workD. did not work14. If only the committee委员会 the regulations章程,规章,

39、条例 and put them into effect使生效 as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approve15.I am sure she wouldrather you the bad news and your sorrow痛楚 with her.A. will tell; shareB. tell; shareC. has told; sharedD. had told; shared 16.It is high time that you a bath洗澡,沐浴 .可编辑资料 -

40、- - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. will takeB. tookC. had takenD. would take17. She said that she would rather not the problem in the presence在场 ofso many strangers陌 生人 .A. to discussB. discussC. discussingD. discussion18.I would rather you those important documents文 件 with you.A. do not takeB. did not takeC. will not takeD. not take可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载