2022年直接引语和间接引语知识点归纳 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语 ”.直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ 标“出,叫做直接引语.用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式）.那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特别疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和的点状语等都要有变化,如何变化了.1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如：He said, “ I am very

2、 sorry.”He said that he was very sorry.2）直接引语中的其次人称,假如原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如：“ You should be more careful next time,” my fathertold me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的其次人称,假如原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称.如： She said to her son,“ Ill check your homework tonight.”She said to

3、 her son that she would check his homework that night.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如：He asked me,“ Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon.”He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之,人称的转换不是固定的,详细情形,详细对待,要符合规律.2、

4、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词假如是过去时,从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）,变化如下： “ I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.She said she was very glad to visit our school.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Tom said,“ We are listening to the pop music. Tom said that they were listening to th

5、e pop music.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Mother asked,“ Have you finished your homework before you watch TV. Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He asked the conductor,“ Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus.”He asked the conductor whe

6、re he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.“ Why did she refuse to go there.” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Mother asked me,“ Had you finished your homework before you watched TV. Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework befor

7、e I watched TV.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Tom said,“ We were having a football match this time yesterday.Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said, “ I havent heard from my parents these days. He said that he hadnt heard from his parents

8、those days.3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须转变的情形1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如：”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He always says,“ I am tired out.He al”ways says that he is tired out.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如：He will say,“ I ll try my best to helpyHoue.will say that ”he will try his best to help me.3）当直接引语部分带有详细的过去时间状语时,如：He said,“ I w

9、ent to college in 1994.He told”us that he went to college in 1994.4）当直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said, “ When I was a child, I usually played football after school. He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如：”可编辑资

10、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Our teacher said to us,“ Light travels faster than sound.”Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时,如：He said, “ Practicemakes perfect.”Hesaid that practice makes perfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought t

11、o, used to, need时,如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The doctor said,“ Youd better drink plenty of water. The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said,“ She must be a teacher. He s”aid that she must be a teacher.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said,“ She ought to have arrived h

12、er office by now. He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.The teacher said,“ You neednt hand in your compositions today.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She asked,“ Must I take the medic

13、ine.注：此处用had to 代替 must 更好 She a”sked if she had to take the medicine.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoo

14、n. Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor.Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.4、时间状语、的点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week monththat week month可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_时间状语yesterdaythe day beforelast week month

15、the week monthbefore two weeks monthagotwo weeks monthsbefore tomorrowthe next daynext week monththe next week month可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_的点状语heretherecomego动词bringtake可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said,“ I met Mr. Smthiitsh morning.他”说“我今日早晨见到史密斯了.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ He said that he had met Mr

16、. Smith that morning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了.He said,“ We went to the cineymeasterday . ”他 说： “我们昨天去电影院了.” He said they had gone to the cinema the day before.他说前一天他们去电影院了.Lily said,“ I will comenebxatcmk onth . ”莉 莉说：“我下个月回来.” Lily said that she would go back the next month.莉莉说她下一个月就回去.He said,“ It is nine oc

17、lnoocwk . ”他说：“现在九点了.” He said that it was nine oclock then. 他说那时九点了.He said,“aveI nht seen her today . ”他说：“今日我没见到她.” He said that he hadnt seen her t hat day . 他说那天他没有见到她.She said,“ I went thyeerseterday. ”她说：“昨天我去了那儿.” She said that she had gone there the day before. 她说前一天她去了那儿.She said,“ Ill go

18、thtoemreorrow . ”她说：“明天我将去那儿.” She said that she would go there the next day. 她说其次天她将去那儿.He said,“ My sister hwearse three days ago . ”他说：“三天前我妹妹在这儿.” He said that his sister had been there three days before. 他说三天前他妹妹在那儿.here there; ago before可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She said,“cIowmille here this eve

19、ning.她”说：“今晚我将来这儿.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ She said that she would go there that evening. 她说那晚她将去那儿.（come go. here there. this tha）t以上这些变化,要依据说话的详细时间和详细的点的情形而定,不行机械照搬.假如就在当的转述,here 就不必改为 there, come 也不必改为go,假如就在当天转述,yesterday 或 tomorrow等时间状语也不必转变.直接引语中 的一般过去时如与一个详细的过去时间状语连用,间接引语的一般过去时时态不变.Father sa

20、id,“ I amthfirseeafternoon ”父亲说：“我今日下午有空.” Father said that he was free this afternoon.父亲说他今日下午有空.He said,“ I am gtohienrge tomorrow . ”他说“我明天去那里.” He said that he was going there tomorrow.他说他明天去那里.巧记 :去掉引号加that ,人称变化要敏捷,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页

21、 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备5、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化1）陈述句.用连词that 引导, that 在口语中常省略.主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用 told 来代替,留意,可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that,不行直接说told that, 如：He said,“ I have been to the Great Wall.He said”to us t

22、hat he had been to the Great Wall.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said,“ Ill give you an examination next Monday.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不行说told that ）此外主句中的谓语仍常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等,又如：He sai

23、d,“ Im late because of the heavy traffic. He expla”inedto us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.假如间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免纷乱.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The doctor said,“ You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon. The doctor said （ that ） I was not seriously

24、ill and that I would be better soon.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2）直接引语为一般疑问句,（也称是否疑问句,）间接引语用连词whether 或 if 引导, 原主句中谓语动词said要改为 asked（ me/him/us 等）,语序是陈述句的语序,这一点特别重要.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said,“ Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He asked（ me ）whether/if I had an

25、y difficulty with my pronunciation.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He said,“ You are interested in English, arent you.He asked whether I was interested in English.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3） 直接引语为挑选疑问句,间接引语用whetheror 表达,而不用ifor,也不用eitheror 如.：He asked,“ Do you speak English or French. H”easked me whether I

26、spoke English or French.I asked,“ Will you take bus or take train. I a”sked him whether he would take bus or take train.4）直接引语为特别疑问句,改成间接引语时, 原先的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask（ sb.）来表达,语序改为陈述句语序.如：He asked, “ Whats your name.”Heasked（ me） what my name was.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He asked us,“ How many car

27、 factories have been built in your country. He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5）直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to 的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order,request 等.如 ask sb. to do,（由确定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变）,并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、的点状语、人称准时态都作相应的变化.如

28、：He said, “ Be seated, please. H”easked us to be seated.“ Do be careful with your handwriting.”He saiHd.e toldme to be careful with my handwriting.“ Never come here again.”he soaffiidcetr nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.“ Dont touch anything in the lab without permi

29、ssion,” theteacher said.The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.6）有些含有 “建议 ”、“劝说 ”的祈使句,可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述,如：He said,“ Lets have a rest. He su”ggested our having a rest.He said,“ Let me help you. He”offered to help me.7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句,有表示恳求, 建议意义时,

30、 可用 ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to dosth. 等形式转述.如：“ Would you mind opening the door.” he askHeed.askedme to open the door.“ Why not going out for a walk.” he asked us.He advised us to go out for a walk.或 He suggested we go out for a walk.8）直接引语是感叹句时,变间接引语可用what 或 how 引导,也可用that 引导,如

31、：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She said,“ What a lovely day it is.即学即练1. He asked for the computer. She sai”d what a lovely day it was. 或 She said that it was a lovely day.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how much. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. “ Have you seen the film.” he

32、asked me. He asked me .A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the filmD. whether I had seen the film3. “ Please close the window,” he said to me. He me the window.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked ; to closeD. said to; please close4. “ I am a teacher,” Jack said

33、. He said .A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher5. He said,“ Mother, the boy is very naughty. - ”verynaHueghty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy w

34、as可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备6. “ You ve already got well, haven t you.” she asked. She asked .A. if I have already got well, hadnB. whetthyeoruI had already got wellC. h

35、ave I already got wellD. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member.” He asked me .A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.

36、8. He asked,“ How are you getting along.” He asked .A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9. He asked me with me.A. what the matter isB. what the mater was C. what s the matter D. what was the matter10. He said,“ Don t do that again.

37、” He me that again.A. said to me; not to doB. said to me; donCt. dtoold me; don Dt d. otold me; not to do11. 我告知他我丢了钱并会找到这笔钱.12. 她问我其次天有没有空.13. 我问她其次天去哪里去干什么.14. 他爸爸告知他不要穿着新外套去爬树.15. 这个生疏人问我的名字是什么.16. 他说 : 我把书落在你房间了.17. 她说 : 他会很忙的. 18. 她对汤姆说 : 你能帮我吗 .19. Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen

38、. the young man asked.20. I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition, the little boy said happily.21. Light travels faster than sound, the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.22. Will you go to the concert with me this evening. Mary asked me.23. What did you do here yesterda

39、y. the old man asked my brother.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备24. She asked what was the matter with me.25. He asked me if I was sure about that.1. D. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序.2. D.一般疑问句

40、要变成whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句.3. C.直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往依据直接引语的口气换用ask 恳求 , tell 告知 , order 命令 , invite 邀请 , warn 警告 , advise 建议 等, 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式.即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. not to do sth.4. D.直接引语为陈述句, 变间接引语时用that 引导 口语中常省略.5. C.从语境中推知用“tell sb that从句 -”句型.6. B.反意疑问句要变成whether 或 i

41、f 引导的宾语从句.7. C.挑选疑问句要变成whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句.8. C.直接引语为特别疑问句, 变间接引语时, 用特别疑问词引导, 并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序.9. D.留意时态的一样.What 作主语, the matter （ =wrong ）作表语.10. D.直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时 , 主句中的谓语动词往往依据直接引语的口气换用.11. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.12. She asked whether I would be free the next

42、 day or not.13. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.14. His father told him not to climb that tree in his new coat.15. The stranger asked me what my name was.16. He said, Ive left my book in your room.17. She said, He will be very busy.18. She said to Tom, Can you help me.19. 卡伦 ,你的化学老师住在哪里. 年轻人问道.20. 小男孩兴奋的说: 我在数学竞赛中得了第一名.21. 物理老师对同学说: 光比声音的传播速度要快.22. 玛丽问我 : 你今晚和我一起去音乐会吗.23. 老人问我哥哥: 昨天你在这儿干什么.24. 她问我是否有什么问题.25. 他问我是不是对那件事很确定.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载