2022年最全情态动词的用法2 .docx

《2022年最全情态动词的用法2 .docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年最全情态动词的用法2 .docx（7页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词的用法一 can 和 could 情态动词用法例子补充说明Can 表现在才能； Could 表示过can/could 表示才能1I can speak fluent English now, 去才能 .可用 be able to 代在确定句中 ,表示客观but I couldnt last year.替；was/were able to 表示成功做了某事1. I may stay at home this 1. can用于否定和疑问句 could可能性,并不涉及详细某weekend.（实际可能性）不限 事会发生, 常用来说明人2. Pe

2、ter might come to join us.实2. can be表示有时候会（常与或事物的特点； 要表达具际可能性 sometimes, at times 连用）体某事实际发生的可能3. It will be sunny in the 1. 恳求用 could 语气委婉性时,不用can,需用daytime ,but it could rain could,may,might ；tonight.实际可能性 1Can we turn the air conditioner 表示恳求和答应； 表示请on. 2. 答应不用could. 求,口语中常用could 代. 替 can,使语气更委婉；

3、表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的推测, 主要2. I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this. 1It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not 用在否定句和疑问句中；your own. 2Can the man over there be our head master. 表示惊奇、 怀疑、不信任1Can this be an excuse for not 等态度,主要用在否定 giving them help. 句、疑问句和感叹句中；2This can t be true.3H

4、ow can you be so crazy. 特殊提示：（1）could 用来表示恳求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于确定句,回答应当用can（即： could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）；如： Could I use your dictionary. 2 Yes, you can.否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not. can 只有现在式和过去式,而be able to 就有更多can 和 be able to 区分cancould和 be able to 都可以表示才能,意思上没有区分；但的形式；如：I ve always wanted to able to sp

5、eak fluent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own. 名师归纳总结 但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,最终做成了某事,通常不用could,而用 was/were able to 来第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 表示；这时, was/were able to 相当于 managed to do 或 succeed in doing；如：After the accid

6、ent it was a long time before she was able to walk again. The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. 3 惯用形式“cannot too ” 表示“ 无论怎么 也不（过分）” ；如：You cannot be too careful. 你越当心越好；惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式（不带to）” 表示“ 不得不,只好”；如：I cannot but admire her determination. 我不得不敬佩你的决

7、心；二may 和 might 情态动词用法例子1.补充说明表示答应、许可；否定回答一般用must 1 May I come in and wait. 恳求用 might 语气更委not/mustn t, 表示“ 禁止、 阻挡”之意,2 May I smoke here. 2.婉；但也可以用had better not 最好别 No, you mustn 或 No, 答应时用 may,表示“ 可或 may not （不行以）,语气较为委婉；you d better not.以” （表示答应时不用在表示恳求、 答应时, might 比 may语气might）；1 Might I borrow yo

8、ur pen. 更委婉些；用May I征询对方许可在文2 I wonder if I might speak to 体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在your son. 日常用语中,用Can I征询对方看法更为常见；may/might 表示可能性的估计,通常用在确定句和1 It may rain this afternoon. have 常用于确定句（might否定句中,含有“ 或许”“ 大致” “ 可能”2 I suppose he might 可能最小）之意；用might 代替 may 时,就语气显missed the train. 得更加不愿定；may用于祈使句表示希望 1 May yo

9、u succeed ！惯用句式：1 There is nothing to do, so I “ may well+ 动词原形” ,意为“ 完全能,may as well go to bed. 很可能” ,相当于 to be very likely to 2 You may as well tell us now, well find out sooner or later.“ may as well 或 mightjustas well+ 3 I suppose we might as well go 动词原形” 意为“ 最好,满可以,倒不 home. 如” ,相当于 “ had bette

10、r 或 there is no reason to do anything else. 二must 和 have to情态动用法例子补充说明词Must 表示“ 必需,应当” 之意,语气比1 You must come to school on time. 1.must 多表主观、现在/将来should,ought to 剧烈；其否定形式2 You mustn t drive so fast in the 义务 ; have to 多表客观、名师归纳总结 mustn t 表示“ 不准,不应当, 禁止”street. 过去义务第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - -

11、 - - - - - - 等意3 We mustn t waste any more time. 2.mustnt 表 禁止 ；否定用neednt / dont have to 在回答带有must 的问句时,否定1 Must I come back before ten. 回答常用 neednt 或 don t have to,表示“ 不必”,而不用 mustn t Yes,you must.No, you needn t have to 表示有把握的估计,意为“ 肯定、1 It must be my mother. 只用确定句；在否定句/疑问句准是”2 You must be hungry

12、after a walk. 中用 can/could “ 必需,不得不”,意义与must 相3 There must be a hole in the wall. 1 The film is not interesting. I really 近；但must 表示的是说话人的主must go now. 观看法,而have to 就往往强调客2 I have to go now, because my 观需要；mother is in hospital. must 只有一种形式, 即现在式与过1I had to work hard when I was your 去式都是一种形式,而have t

13、o 就age. 涉及各种人称、 时态等方面的变化2In order to take the exam, we ll have 形式；to finish the whole book by the end of this month. 两者的否定意义不同, mustn t 表示1 You mustn t go there. 3“ 禁止,不许”,don t have to 表示2 You don t have to go there. 不必；四shall 和 should 情 态 动用法例句补充说明词shall 用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑1 Shall I open the window. 问句

14、,表示征求对方看法或恳求2 Shall we say 6 o clock, then. 指示3 What shall I get for dinner. 表规章、法令、预言：“ 必需”用于其次、三人称陈述句中,表1 Don t worry, you shall get the 示说话人给对方的命令、警告、answer this afternoon. 承诺 用 于 所 有 人 称Every 承诺或威逼；2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I competitor shall wear a number tell you. （警告）3 You shall do

15、as I say. 命令 4 If you children don t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. 威逼 should 表示劝说或建议,意为“ 应当”1 What should I do. 2 Should I trust him. 3 You should read his new book. 名师归纳总结 表示估计,用在确定句中,对现1 It should be a nice day tomorrow. 确定的语气没有must 用于估计在的情形或可能发生时强This pen ought to /should 2 Try

16、 phoning Robert, he should be 的事的主观估计或期望；意为“ 想home now. be yours. 必,大致,或许”3 He should be around sixty years 第 3 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - old. 仍可以用在if 引导的条件句中,1 Ask Tom to ring me up if you 表示一件事听起来可能性很小,should see him. 你万一见到汤但也不是完全不行能,相当于“ 万 姆,请让他给我打个电话 一” 的意思； 从句谓语用 should+ 2 Sh

17、ould I be free tomorrow, I ll 动词原形构成,主句都肯定用虚come. 万一我明天有时间,我就拟语气 过来 3 If things should change suddenly, please let me know. 万一情形突变,请通知我 用于疑问句或感叹句中,表示意1 Why should anyone want to marry 外、惊奇的心情,意为“ 竟会”,Tony. should I 与 why ,what,how,who 连用,2 Don t ask me. How 假如是疑问句,就不需要回答；know. 五will 和 would 情态动词用法wi

18、ll例句补充说明will/would 用于表示意志或意愿；1 He is the man who will go his own Would 此时为 will 过去式,无意义指现在, would 指过去；way. 他是个自行其是的人； 差别2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station. 表示恳求、 建议等, 用 would1 Will you please take a message for 此意用于疑问句,常与you 连用比用 will 委婉、客气；him. Will you give me a piece of paper.

19、 2 Would you please tell me your telephone number. 表示习惯或倾向,意为“ 总1 Fish will die without water. Would 表过去反复的动作/某种倾是,惯于” ；will 至现在,would2 People will talk. 人们总会说闲向相对于 used to 无“ 现已无此习指过去；惯” 之义； 话； 3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together. 表示估计,意为“ 很可能,1 These things wil

20、l happen. 此意表对目前事物的预料；That 大 概 ” ； will表 示 推 测 比will be the postman ringing.would2 That will be the messenger ringing. should 把握大,比must 把握3 It would be about ten o clock when 表示过去 /现在； will 表示现在 /将来 小；he left home. 表示功能,意为“ 能,行”；叙 述 真 理 ： The tree will leave 1 That will be all right. 惯用形式： will do/w

21、ould do2 Either pen will do. without water for 3 months. 表示“ 解决问题”、“ 就行” ；3 It would not do to work too late. （工作太晚不行； ）用于否定句中, 意为“ 不愿” 、1 I won t listen to your nonsense. “ 不愿意”2 No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to me. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 特殊提示： would 与 u

22、sed to 辨析would 可用来表示过去反复显现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说： “ she would be a quiet girl. ”另外, would 强调过去某种特定情形下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系；而 used to 就着眼于过去和现在的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示；Would 可以表示不规章的习惯,used to 就不行；如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she wo

23、uld take a walk in the neighboring woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help. 六need 和 dare 情态用法例句动词用于表示“ 需要,必要” 之意；做情态 动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有1 Need we leave soon. Yes, you must.No, you neednt 现在时,过去式要用 neednt have,疑问 2You neednt have hurried. 式用 need+人称 .,否定式用 nee

24、d not即 =It was not necessary for you to hurry ,but you did. 你当时不必这么neednt）,匆忙；做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动 词相同,后接带 to 的不定式（need doing 1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+ 名词, need understanding=need to be understood,需要被懂得 need = need to be done ）,过去式用 needed 、2He needs to see a doctor.n

25、eed to do did you need. 和 didnt need, 确定式用3Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party.need needs/needed/need,疑问式用 do、somebody to do something 4They didnt need to start so early.do not need to do does 、did 提问,否定式要在前面加dont 、doesnt 、didntdare 用于表示“ 敢于” 之意；做情态动词,1 Dare you tell her th

26、e truth. 没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义 Yes, I dare. /No, I daren t. 3 How dare you accuse me of lying. 4 He darent admit this. 1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 动词相同；在确定句中,dare 后接带to2 He doesn t dare to go there alone. 的不定式；否定句中,dare 后既可接带3 Don t you dare to touch i

27、t. to 的不定式,也可接不带to 的不定式；七ought 的用法：情态动用法例句补充说明词Should 表示“ 应当” 之意1 You ought to take care of him. （1）should 用于疑问句中表示说2 Ought I go now. 话人对某事不能懂得,惋惜, 感到名师归纳总结 第 5 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Yes, you ought to. /No, you 意外, 赞 叹,愤慨、 惊奇等感情,ought to 表示估计； 留意与 must 表示推oughtn t to. 意为“ 竟会”,

28、有时也用于陈述句do 1 He must be home by now. 确定他中 （2）Should 仍可以用在if 引测是的区分导的条件从句, 表示一件事听起来已到家 2 He ought to be home by now. 不十可能性很小, 但也不是完全没有可分确定 能, 相当于“ 万一” 的意思；3 This is where the oil must be. 比较直率 4 This is where the oil ought to be. 比较含蓄 说明： should 与 ought to 表示“ 应当” 时的区分should 表示自己的主观看法,而 ought to 的语气中

29、,含有“ 按道理应当 ” 之意；如要反映客观情形或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用 ought to；如：You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education. 八“ 情态动词 +have done” 用法情态动词 +have done 用法例句must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行1She must have gone through a lot. 估计,意为“ 想必, 准是,肯定做了某事”2He must have

30、visited the White House during his stay in the United States. may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的估计,意为“ 也1You may have learnt the news. 许/或许已经（没有） “ ；一般用于肯2He may not have heard his name 定句或否定句中, 不用于疑问句； 用 mightcalled. 就表示语气更加不愿定；3Sorry I m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to

31、sleep again. can have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不愿定,1Where can she have gone. cannot have done 通常用在否定句和疑问句中；（ can 换成2Could he have done such a foolish could 时语气委婉）thing. 3The boy can t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. could have done 可用于确定句中,表示“ 可能已经 ”1He cou

32、ld have killed himself driving 之意,此外,仍可以表示过去能做而没做at a dangerous speed. 的事,有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的2You could have been more 惋惜；considerate. 3You could have done better, but you were too careless. might have done 表示“ 原来可能 ,但实际上没有发生1You should not swim in that sea. You 名师归纳总结 第 6 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - -

33、 - - - - - - - 的事情” ；另外,仍可以表示“ 原来应当 或可以做某事” 之意,含有稍微的批评语might have been eaten by a shark. 2He might have given him more help, 气；thought he was busy. should/ought to have done 用于确定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际 上未做；用于否定句时,就表示不该做的1He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of 事反而做了；thing. 2You sh

34、ouldn t have done it so carelessly. 3You ought to have returned the book earlier. 4You ought not to have refused his offer. neednt have done 表示做了原来不必去做的事；留意：didn t 1You neednt have watered the plants, need to do 表示“ 没必要做而实际上也没for it is going to rain. 有做某事”2I didn t need to buy the dictionary. I had

35、a copy at home. had better have done 用于事后的建议,含稍微批评的口吻,意had 1You had better have started earlier. 为“ 当时最好做了某事”,其否定式2You had better not have scolded her. better not have done 表示相反的含义；would rather have done 表示“ 当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式1I would rather have taken his advice. would rather not have done 表示相反的含2I would rather not have told him the 名师归纳总结 义,两者都表示“ 懊悔” 之意；truth. 第 7 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -