2022年高中化学石油煤知识点详细归纳汇总.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -outstanding contributions to the security and shoul d be rew arded; safety serious negligence, vi olation, violati on of la bor disci pline, illegal operations conse que nce s of unit s and individuals, should be puni she d. 81st : se curity work i nce nt

2、ives to implement moral e ncouragement wit h material rewar d com binati on, criticize d the principle of combi ning e ducation and economic puni shme nt, rewards a nd punishments as a mea ns for educati onal pur poses. 82nd arti cle: at lea st once a year c ommendations and awards for safety work t

3、o make outstanding contributi ons t o the colle ctive and individual. 83rd article: assessme nt criteria: 1, safety goals unimpl emented unit not inv olved in t he company s annual assessment; 2, without the re quire d level of safety education assessme nt unit relate d to lea dershi p responsi bili

4、ties 10% a mont h; 3, tertiary e ducati on w ithout the re quire d recor ds or failing to com plete assessme nt responsibility unit lea ders traini ng archives 5% a month; 4, the new post or transf erred without the required traini ng, examinati on appoi ntment, eval uation units related to lea ders

5、hip re sponsi bilitie s 10% a m onth; 5, the company organize s a safety examination, do not participate i n or fail to cancel the salary; 6, i s not re quire d to complete the daily security checks, responsible for t he complete summary of the evaluation 10% 5% mont hly salar y, responsi bilities l

6、 eadership; 7, not a ccor ding t o com pany re quireme nts and improve reg ulations sy stem assessment unit lea ders 10% a mont h; 8, wa s not requested by the compa ny establi sh asecure archive assessme nt unit leader s 10% a month; 9, does not re quire ame ndme nts to the rules of the eval uation

7、 units of the company official s 10% a m onth; 10, re cor d, save the report without the required eval uation unit leader s 10% a month; 11, the failure to timely re port the accident assessme nt responsibl e leader s of their 5% ; 12, unit s not complying wit h the re quireme nts of the accide nt i

8、ncide nt report or accident report is not qualified, evaluati on units a nd te chnol ogy and leader shi p 10% monthly re port delayed a day due assessme nt 5% of hi s salary ; 13, a ccident i nvestigation team members bre ach of discipline eval uation 10% m onthly, serious adver se effects of the mi

9、nimum wage. 14, does not cooperate wit h the a cci dent investigations, a cci dent -related st op. 15, ot her matters not covere d under t he carbon compa nies rewar d and punishment reg ulations. 16, Ge neral a ccident occurred i n the light of the fol lowing criteria for lia bility a nd responsi b

10、ility lea der assessme nt qualitative a ssessment of specific notification date ofaccidents .Second, safety Committee Charter 1. relati ng to the im plementation of nati onal law s and regulati ons, poli cies, standards, re solutions and the compa nys safety management system. 2. devel op t he compa

11、nys w ork safety policy, objective s, audited the company safety management system. 3. every quarter safety leader shi p group meeting on safety inspe ctions, safety hazar ds and safety accide nt status, lay out of work safety. 4. reg ular analy sis of the compa nys security sit uation to deve lop m

12、ajor work safety measures or plans of the company. 5. t he major probl ems encountered i n the ma nag ement of production safety, difficulties, to greater se curity risk s and major ha zards re search and adopt a resol ution. 6. producti on lea dership team to conduct emergency drill s are regularly

13、 organize d and revi ewed a nd revise d the plan after the wa lkthro ugh. 7. the Orga nizations compre hensive se curity check s and the speci al security check s carrie d out on a regular basi s, to e nsure production safety. 8. producti on lea dership team regularly partici pates in primary produc

14、tion a ctivities. 9. is responsi ble f or accide nt investigation, a nalysis a nd proce ssi ng. 10. t o sum up the safety work on a reg ular basis, a nd commended a nd aw arded performance units or i ndivi dual考点 45 石油煤1复习重点1石油的分馏、裂化和裂解.2煤的干馏、气化和液化.2难点聚焦一 石油的成分：1、石油组成：碳、氢、硫、氧、氮等.2、石油成分：各种烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃组

15、成的混和物,一般石油不含烯烃.二 石油的炼制：开采出来的石油叫做原油.要经过一系列的加工处理后才能得到适合不同需要的各种成品,如汽油、柴油等. 原油含水盐类、含水多,在炼制时要铺张燃料,含水量盐多会腐蚀设备.所以,原油必需先经脱水、脱盐等处理过程才能进行炼制.石油的炼制分为：石油的分馏、裂化、裂解三种方法. 石油的分馏与石油的蒸馏原理相同,试验5 23 中：蒸馏烧瓶、冷凝管温度计水银球的位置：蒸馏烧瓶支管口齐平冷凝管的进、出口方向能否倒置？1、石油的分馏先复习随着烃分子里碳原子数增加,烃的沸点也相应上升的学问,然后启示同学如何能把石油组成里的低沸点 烃和高沸点烃分别开. （答：给石油加热时,低

16、沸点的烃先气化,经过冷却先分别出来.随着温度上升,较高沸点的烃再气化,经过冷凝也分别出来.）向同学说明原油开头沸腾后温度仍逐步上升.同时问同学为什么？这说明原油是混合物.工业上如何实现分馏过程了？主要设备是加热炉和分馏塔.按 P137 图 5-24 前半部分介绍,要突出介绍分馏塔的作用.最终总结石油常压分馏产物：液化石油气、汽油、煤油、柴油、重油.接着,提出重油所含的成分如何分别？升温？在高温下,高沸点的烃受热会分解,更严峻的是仍会显现炭化结焦、损坏设备,从而引出减压分馏的方法.按课本 P137 图 5-24 的后半部分介绍减压分馏过程和产物：重柴油、润滑油、凡士林、石蜡、沥青.2、石油的裂化

17、：（ 1）提出石油分馏只能得到25%左右的汽油、煤油和柴油等轻质液体燃料,产量不高.如何提高轻质燃料的产量, 特殊是提高汽油的产量？引出石油的裂化.什么叫裂化？裂化就是在肯定条件下,把分子量大、沸点高的烃断裂为分子量小、沸点低的烃的过程.裂化过程举例：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C16 H 34C8 H 18 C4 H10 C4 H103、石油的裂解C8H 18辛烷C 4H 10丁烷CH 4甲烷C2 H 6乙烷C8 H 16辛烯C4 H 8丁烯C3H 6丙烯C 2H 4乙烯可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_裂解是深度裂化,裂解的目的是产乙烯.三：煤的综合利用：

18、1、煤的分类和组成煤是工业上获得芳香烃的一种重要来源.分类：Chapter carbon compa ny admini strative rules on safe pr oducti on responsi bility system se ction I Ge neral pr ovisi ons arti cle I: li ne safety first, preventi on first and com prehe nsive treatment , safe devel opme nt approa ch, Luoyang wa nji carbon cl ear safety

19、 responsibility at all level s of the compa ny, do a car bon pr oduction safety work, a ccordi ng to the Peoples Republi c of China producti on safety law and other releva nt laws a nd reg ulations, the se measures are formulate d. Second: thi s approa ch applie s to car bon units of the compa ny. A

20、rti cle III: car bon com panys safety responsi bility is divided into t hree levels: car bon com pany is the companys safe production re sponsibility ea ch w orkshop, the secti ons are t he main unit of safe pr oducti on responsi bility; t he team was the team of the safety production re sponsibilit

21、 y. Responsibility at all levels a ccording to t he appropriate divi sion of responsi bilitie s withi n the terms of reference of the safety producti on responsi bilit y. Fourt h: at all level s of admini strative responsi bility for safety day is t his unit, and overall lea dership re sponsibility

22、for the unit s safety. Chief De puty is i n charge of the w ork withi n the scope of the security responsibility, withi n the scope of the re sponsibilitie s of dire ct leader shi p responsibil ity for work safety, its a ccountability tothe Chief. Fifth: all level s of safety in production responsib

23、ility in the pla nni ng, layout, revie w , summary, a ppraisal of the work at the same time, plans, features, revi ew, summary, rating safety work. Sixth: implementing t he responsi bility system for producti on safety at all levels shoul d adhere to the pri nci ples of accountability, re sponsibili

24、ty shall be puni she d, consci entiously perform their dutie s and made outsta ndi ng contri bution in terms of safety, a reward for fail ure to fulfill dutie s, neglige nce ca use d the a ccide nt, in a ccorda nce with th e Divisi on of responsibi lities, are prosecuted a nd puni she d. Safety mana

25、gement responsibilitie s and Divi sion of the sevent h sectio n II: car bon company producti on te chnol ogy se ction is the subje ct of the com panys safety responsibilitie s, a nd a cce pt the su pervisi on of the group, on t he reg ulated e nterprise se curity management a nd i nfrastructure proj

26、ects directly a nd a ssume dire ct supervision and manageme nt of production safety responsi bility. A the Organizati on t o carry out national safety -relate d laws, r egulations a nd i ndustry codes, sta ndar ds and compa ny requirements, establi sh a nd im prove the safety rule s and regulati ons

27、, supe rvision, assessme nt impleme ntation; B accor ding to the Gr oups re quest t o devel op t he compa nys annual producti on target and implement ; C oversee the com panys impl ementation of responsibi lity system for producti on safety at all levels of the system, esta blish a nd im prove the p

28、roducti on safety supervi sion and safety Total producti on guarantee system; D organi zing safety work shop, a nalysis of the safety situation to address safety issue s and focus on common pr oblems; E organize accident technology pl an and impleme ntation of security prote ction measure s, impleme

29、ntati on of the relevant rule s of the Organization, a nd supervi se their im plementation; F carry out all ki nds of security inspe ctions, often grass -roots enterpri ses, E nterprise safety producti on situation, pr oblem s for supervisi ng; on the regulated Enter prise existi ng com mon or impor

30、tant issue s for analysi s, organi zational research, targeted measures; VII of the compa ny withi n the scope of the safety statistics, analysis, assessme nt and re porti ng as required; VIII this safety training可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑

31、资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -outstanding contributions to the security and shoul d be rew arded; safety serious negligence, vi olation, violati on of la bor disci pline, illegal operations conse que nce s of unit s and individuals, should be puni she d. 81st : se curity

32、work i nce ntives to implement moral e ncouragement wit h material rewar d com binati on, criticize d the principle of combi ning e ducation and econ omic puni shme nt, rewards a nd punishments as a mea ns for educati onal pur poses. 82nd arti cle: at lea st once a year commendations and awards for

33、safety work to make outstanding contributi ons t o the colle ctive and individual. 83rd article: assessme nt criteria: 1, safety goals unimpl emented unit not inv olved in t he company s annual assessment; 2, without the re quire d level of safety education assessme nt unit relate d to lea dershi p responsi bilities 10% a mont h; 3, tertiary e ducati on w ithout the re quire d recor dsor failing to com plete assessme nt responsibility unit lea ders traini ng archives 5% a month; 4, the new post or transferred wi