2022年高中英语语法归纳总结2.docx
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1、精品_精品资料_第一章 主谓一样高中英语语法总结如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说.6. 如主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数.但 more+复数名词 +than one 做主语时 , 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 一 语法一样原就 : 即主语为单数 ,谓语用单数 ,主语为复数 ,谓语也用复数 . 以下为留意事项 :1. 单数主语即使后面带有 with , along with, together with, like
2、 像 , but 除了,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than 而不是 , including, in addition to 引导的短语 , 谓语动词仍用单数 .如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质 .No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外 , 没有一个人迟来用餐.2. 用 and 连接的并列主语 ,假如主语是同一个人 ,同一事 ,同一概念 , 谓语动词用单数, 否就用复数 . 如:The po
3、et and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了 .一个人 A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具. 两样物 用 and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter 黄油抹面包, knife and fork 刀叉等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.3. 不定式 短语 , 动名词 短语 , 或从句作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数 . 如: Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When we ll goout for an ou
4、ting has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已打算了.4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或 no 修饰时 , 谓语动词用单数 .Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜爱去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有同学开会缺席 .Each man and each woman is asked to help.每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙.5. each of+ 复数代词 , 谓语动词用单数. 复数代
5、词 +each, 谓语动词用单数.Many a boy likes playing basketball.很多男生都喜爱打篮球 . More than one student was late.不只一个同学迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮忙我们.7. none 做主语时 ,谓语动词可用单数 , 也可用复数 ; 但在代表不行数的东西时总是看作单数 ,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are is perfect.人无完人.None of this worries me.这事一点不使我焦急.8. 名词如 : trous
6、ers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时 , 谓语动词必需用复数 . 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前如显现a pair of ,谓语一般用单数 .如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜.9. 形复意单名词如:news; 以 ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics, economics; 国名如 : the United States;报纸名如 : the New Times;书名如 : Arabian Night; 以及 The UnitedN
7、ations 等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数.10. “ a +名词 +and a half “ , “ one and a half + 名词” , “ the number of +名词” 等作主语时 , 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.留意 : one or two +复数名词作主语 , 谓语动词用复数形式 , 如:One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个的点.二 内容一样原就 :1. 主语中有 all, half, most, the rest 等, 以及
8、”分数或百分数 +名词”做主语时 ,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车,今日出售.60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.这个苹果的 60%都被这个小男孩吃了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的.Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了.2. 不定数量的词组 , 如:part of , a lot of ,
9、lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时 , 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科书已运到.A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了.3. 加减乘除用单数 .如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去 5 等于 10.4. 表示时间 , 金钱 , 距离 , 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式 , 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用
10、单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离.5. 1通常作复数的集体名词 . 包括 police , people, cattle等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数 .如:The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不行数名词的集体名词. 包括 equipment, furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括audience, committee,government, family, enemy, group, party
11、, team, public等.如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.委员会打算解雇他.6. the +形容词 / 过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时 , 谓语动词用复数 .如:The injured were saved after the fire.三 就近原就1. 由 here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, 有时主语不止一个时 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一样.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了 .Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for y
12、ou.给你一支钢笔和几张纸.Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away.你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆了?2. 用连词 or, either. or, neither .nor, not only .but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一样.如:Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it同学和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔.留意 : one o
13、f +复数名词 +who/that/which引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数.如:Mary is one of those people who keep pets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一.The only one of + 复数名词 + who/that./which引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词应为单数.Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets.玛丽是唯独一个饲养宠物的人.其次章:非谓语动词作用种类主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语非谓语动词在句中的特点、性质、用法、区分及使用留意事项分述如下:第一节、非谓语动词作主语可
14、作主语的非谓语形式为:不定式和动名词.其表达形式为:不定式: 主动态 to do;被动态 to be done; 动名词: 主动态done.例 1: To act like that is foolish.doing; 被动态being例 2:It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash.要我用现金买那辆车是不行不定式( infinitive )、分词( participle )、动名词( gerund)是非谓语动词,在句 子中不能作谓语 .以下表格列出了他们各悠闲句中的作用.(表示可以在句中 担任的语法成分,就表示不行以.)不定式动名词分
15、词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_能的.例 3: Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.例 4: What made you so late for work today . Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy traffic. 由于交通拥挤,今早开车上班特别慢.一般说来,动名词和不定式作主语,可以互换,其意义没有多大差别,但须留意以下两点:1. 表示详细的,特殊是未发生的动作,倾向用不定式(如例 2).表
16、示无时限的泛指动作 (如例 3)或描述当时的情形 (如例 4),倾向用动名词.2. 在以下句型用动名词作主语It is no good doing. (没有用)There is no doing.(不行能)It is no good arguing with him.和他争辩没有用.练习 1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,it more difficult.( 99 全国) A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make 2.分析句子是否正确 : What
17、 we do is prepare our students to face fierce competitions when they enter society.答案 1、B.is 后有两个表语, 两者必需在结构上对称. 第一个表语为不定式to makelife easier ,就其次个表语也应当为不定式,所以选B .2、正确. 当主语部分有实义动词do 时, 作表语的不定式可以省略to; 如没有实义动词 do,表语中 to 不能省略.第三节、非谓语动词作宾语可作宾语的非谓语动词为:不定式和动名词.1不定式作宾语例 1 He demanded to know the truth.例 2 T
18、he car failed to stop at the red light.那辆轿车看到红灯没有停.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what may happen.英语中有相当数量的动词,只能以不定式作宾语. 如: agre(e同意),decide, refuse,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_练习 1(改错) As is known, learn a foreign language
19、 well requires great efforts.2(改错) Though flying balloons are easy, balloonists must watch the weather carefully.3(挑选)to sunlight for too much will do harm to one s skin.A. Exposed toB. ExposingC. Having exposedD. Being exposed答案 1 learn learning原形动词不能作主语.2. are is单个动名词作主语,谓语用单数.3. 答案 D.句义:遭太阳暴晒对皮肤有
20、害.此题考查动名词作主语.分析句子结构可知,待选项在句中作主语,又由于人与expose 为被动关系, 所以选 D.其次节、非谓语动词作表语可作表语的非谓语动词为:不定式,动名词.1. Your task this morning is to deliver the mail to Professor Smith.你今日上午的任务是把这个邮件送给史密斯教授.(不定式说明主语内容)2. My hobby is collecting stamps.(动名词说明主语内容)pretend(假装),manage(设法),promise, seem, happen, hope, wish, offer to
21、 do(表示愿望) afford to do(买得起,承担得起) ,bother todo(特意),choose to do(情愿或打算) attempt / seek to do(试图) learn to do (学习或学会)短语 would like( love )to do,would prefer to do (更情愿),be about to do(即将) ,介词 but / except to do例 1) I have no choice but to give up the plan.2) There was nothing we could do except wait.注:
22、 but / except 前有实义动词do, 其后 to 必需省去请留意以下几点:1) 疑问代词如 what, which .疑问副词如when, whether ( why 除外)引导的不定式可作 know, decide 等的宾语,在意义上相当与一个未曾发生的宾语从句.例 1 We havent decidedwhat steps to take next. We havent decided what steps we should take next.2 I really don t wknhoewther to write to her or give her a phone ca
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