动词不定式的用法归纳.ppt
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1、关于动词不定式的用法归纳现在学习的是第1页,共53页不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式现在学习的是第2页,共53页1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用现在学习的是第3页,共53页1 不定式作主语不定
2、式作主语 (subject)To see is to believe.To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to learn English well.若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语, ,不定式后置。单不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式。Early to rise and early to bed is a good habitWhen and where to hold the party hasnt bee
3、n decided.When to hold the party and where to hold the party _been decided.havent现在学习的是第4页,共53页2.作宾语v1)不定式作宾语的动词有许多,如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。vI mean to go there at once.vI hope to finish the work in time.vI pla
4、n to go to Beijing this summer.v2).不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。vI think it our duty to obey the laws. vI found it difficult to see him here. 现在学习的是第5页,共53页3) 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, 后时后时,如果这些介词前如果这些介词前有行为动词有行
5、为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2).There is nothing to do but wait.(3). I have no choice but to go.现在学习的是第6页,共53页3作表语v不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job.vTo teach is to learn.vMy job is to help the p
6、atient.vMy ambition is to become a teacher.vThe old man seems to be sick.v【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中)有实意动词do时,作表语的动词不定式省略to。vAll I want to do now is fill my stomach.现在学习的是第7页,共53页4作宾语补足语He asked me to go with him.He didnt allow me to go out alone.【注意】在感官动词(see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, wat
7、ch, observe等)和使役动词let, have, make 后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带to。I saw him play in the park.He was seen to play in the park.The boss made those men work day and night.Those men were made to work day and night.I heard her sing today She was heard to sing today 现在学习的是第8页,共53页1. something, anything,
8、 nothing, everything, no one 等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。e.g. I have something to say. He is not a man to tell lies. We all have a chance to go to college. (5). 定语与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如不定式是不及物动词与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如不定式是不及物动词,则需加介词。,则需加介词。Can you give some paper to _ (write)? I have no jewelry to _(wear).He is looking for
9、a room to _ (live). He needs a friend to _ (play).There are three pairs of shoes for you to _ (choose).write on wearlive inplay withchoose from动宾关系动宾关系 主谓关系主谓关系同位关系同位关系现在学习的是第9页,共53页2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.现在学习的是第10
10、页,共53页6.作状语v不定式作状语时,可表示目的,原因,结果或条件。 如;不定式作目的状语时,常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。vI came here to see you. (目的)(目的)vHe got up early so as not to be late.v不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。vThe question is difficult to answer.。 现在学习的是第11页,共53页不定式作结果状语常用如下句型vThe room is big enough to hold us. vIt is such a big room as
11、 to hold us.vHe is so kind as to help us.v such +(形容词)名词(形容词)名词 +as to do sth v so + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + as to do sth vHe hurried to the school to find nobody v there. (结果)(结果)vHe is too old to lift the box.现在学习的是第12页,共53页3. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, ea
12、ger, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.现在学习的是第13页,共53页(4).独立结构作状语独立结构作状语to be frank, to be honest (with you),to make things worse,To tell (you) the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构现在学习的是第1
13、4页,共53页(8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .How to solve the problem is very important. .My question is when to start. .注意:注意:在与在与whywhy连用时,只用于连用时,只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简短疑开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。 Why not have a rest?现在学习的
14、是第15页,共53页(9) 不定式的省略不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g.: -Would you like to go with me ? -Yes, Id like to.(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省.(3)I didnt tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have (told him the news). e.g.: -Would you like to be a teacher? -Yes, Id like to be.现
15、在学习的是第16页,共53页1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicativ
16、e)想一想想一想现在学习的是第17页,共53页4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)现在学习的是第18页,共5
17、3页8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)现在学习的是第19页,共53页现在学习的是第20页,共53页1. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im
18、going to study in the USA this September. (2004 辽宁)辽宁) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heardQuiz II Multiple ChoiceMultiple Choice现在学习的是第21页,共53页2. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world. (2005 上海春)上海春) A. producing B. to prod
19、uce C. having produced D. produced现在学习的是第22页,共53页3. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东)广东) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making现在学习的是第23页,共53页4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全国卷全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe
20、 C. breathing D. being breathed现在学习的是第24页,共53页5. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding现在学习的是第25页,共53页Passage1. 1.filled 2. company(keep sb company) 3. myself 4. whether 5. coming 6.that/wh
21、ich 7. With 8. saw 9. the pletelyPassage2. 1.like 2.them 3.before 4.are being polluted 5.wonder 6.and 7.an 8.strictest 9.to take 10.that/whichPassage3. 1.crowded 2.But 3.an 4.eating 5.who/that 6.going .Besides/Moreover ments 9.recommended 10.whateverPassage4. 1.It 2.viewers 3.to 4.But 5.which 6.perf
22、ormed 7.the 8.highlighting 9.excited 10.Though/AlthoughPassage5. 1.lost 2.a 3.must 4.that/which 5.because 6.worse 7.to stay 8.in/with 9.saying 10.were rescued现在学习的是第26页,共53页Passage6. 1.grew 2.As 3.called 4.successful 5.how 6.that/which 7.what 8.organization 9.her 10.thePassage7. 1.the 2.it 3.but 4.e
23、xactly 5.embarrassing 6.was taking 7.parking 8.when 9.should 10.time Passage8. 1.it 2.was asked 3.saying 4.a 5.only 6.physically 7.who 8.strengths 9.whether 10.importantPassage9. 1.their 2.useless 3.to make 4.be inspired 5.a 6.playing 7.weight 8.Besides/Moreover 9.that 10.So现在学习的是第27页,共53页Passage10.
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