词性和句子成分(10页).doc

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1、-词性和句子成分词类英语名称意义例词名词Noun (n.)表示人或事物的名称boy, pencil, book, backpack冠词Article (art.)用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a (an), the代词Pronoun (pron.)用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句或句子等we, that, his, what形容词Adjective (adj.)用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 old, red, fine, good数词Numeral (num)表示数量或顺序one, thirteen, first, ninth动词Verb (v.)表示动作或状态look, go

2、, be(am, is, are)副词Adverb (adv.)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词not, too, here, often介词Preposition (prep.)表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系in, on, of, to, under连词Conjunction (conj.)用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句and, or, but感叹词Interjection (interj.)表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感oh, hello, hi标出下列词的词类例：question _ answer_ happy_ happily_ write_eleven_ book_ when_ if

3、_ the_ Of_ this_ it_ drink_ until_ 二、句子成分英语句子成分：组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is J

4、ack .(我的名字叫杰克) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a

5、 big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)8、同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Wh

6、ere is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)练习1判断黑体部分担当的句子成分一、1.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 （名词） 2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。（代词）3.Twenty years is a short time in history. 二十年在历史中是个很短的时间。(数词) 4.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动名词） 5.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。（不定式） 6.What he needs is a book. 他所需要的是本书（主语从句）

7、二、1.We study English. 我们学习英语 2. He is asleep. 他睡着了。 三、1. He is a teacher.他是个老师（名词 2. Five and five is ten. 五加五等于十（数词） 3.He is asleep.他睡着了 （形容词） 4.His father is in. 他的父亲在家 （副词） 5.The picture is on the wall. 画在墙上。 (介词短语)t sounds good 那听起来很好。 7.Tom looks thin. 汤姆看上去很瘦。常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）

8、, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来、吃起来）, feel（感觉） .四、1.I like China. 我喜欢中国。（名词） 2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。（代词） 3.How many do you need? We need two. 你们需要多少？我们需要两个。（数词） 4. I like playing soccer. 我喜欢踢足球。 （动名词） 5.I want to have an apple. 我想要吃个苹果。 （不定式） 6.Did you write down what he said? 你写下他所说的话了吗？（宾语从句） 五

9、、1.We elected him monitor. 我们选他当班长 （名词）2.We will make them happy. 我们将让他们高兴。（形容词）3. We found nobody in. 我们发现没人在里面。 ( 副词 )4.His father help him to do his homework. 他的父亲帮他做家庭作业。（带to不定式）六、1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是个语文老师。（名词） 2. He is our friend. 他是我们的朋友。（代词）3. I have three books. 我有三本书。 （数词） 4. He i

10、s a good student. 他是个好学生。（形容词）5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介词短语)七、1.I go to school at seven oclock. 我在七点钟上学。 2.He reads the book in the room.他在房间里看书。 3.I dont like thrillers because they are scary. 我不喜欢恐怖片因为它们太吓人了。 练习2:指出下列句子中的划线部分是什么成分。1、Marydanceswell. ( )2Hisfatherisreading. ( )3

11、Tomislookingforhiswatch. ( )4Heoftenplaysviolinafterschool. ( )5Mr.Greenworksinauniversity. ( )6TheteachertaughtusanEnglishsong. ( )7Ihaveboughtthispenfortwoyears. ( )8Obama, the president of the USA, is Marys friend . ( )9Youmaykeepthisdictionaryfortwoweeks. ( )10Youare beautiful. ( )三、基本句型基本句型一：SV

12、（主谓）He smiles.I can fly. 基本句型二：SVP（主谓表）I feel well.That sounds nice.系动词：be, look, seem, smell,sound,taste,keep基本句型三：SVO（主谓宾）I hate you.He missed the train. 基本句型四：SVoO（主谓间宾直宾）My mother give me a interesting book.Bring/ tell/sell/ show sb sth可改为sth to sbBuy/prepare/ make draw sth for sb基本句型五：SVOC（主谓宾宾

13、补） They painted the door red.I can hear someone playing the voilin next door.-第 10 页一、词类分类练习代词1. I have two children, and _ of them are working in the west of China.Aall B. both C. neither D. either2. May I have a talk with you, sir? Ive got important to tell you. A. nothing B. anything C. something

14、 D. everything3. - Im hungry, is there any bread in the fridge? -_but we have cakes. Would you like to have one? A. Some B. Much C. None D. Nothing4. How do you usually come to school, by bus or by bike? _. I walk. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Any5.Which club would you like to join, artclub or ba

15、sketball club?_ is OK. Im good at them.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. All6. Who is the man over there? He is an old friend of _ . A.I B. my C. mine D. me.7. Yesterday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldnt find_. Oh, its a pity. Youd better buy _ this afternoon. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. on

16、e; one8. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. them D. it9Can you speak English, Mr Wang？Yes, but onlyA. little B. a little C. a lot D. a few10. Oh, the traffic is so heavy.Lets change _ route to the airport.A. other B. others C. the other D. another11. I dont like

17、 _ when shop assistants follow me around.A. it B. that C. which D. them 12. Before she came around, she says, I was _ in this town, everyone respect me.A. somebody B. nobody C. everyone D. who 13. Last evening I did _but repair my farm tools.A. nothing B. something C. no D. none 14. Harry Potter is

18、so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read_.A. it B. this C. that D. one15. The weather in Hangzhou is hotter than _in Beijing. A. that B. it C. what D. whi冠词1. We usually go to school on weekdays, and sometimes go to cinema at weekends.A. 不填; the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填2. Loo

19、k! There is _ cat in the tree. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3. Theres _ apple on the table. _ apple is for my little brother. A. a; An B. an; An C. the ; An D. an; The 4. There is big supermarket in center of our city.A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the 5. I like music, but I dont like _ music of this film.A.

20、 a B. an C. the 6. Whos that lovely girl? You mean _ girl with long hair? Thats Kate.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填7. I really like _ book you lent me yesterday. A. a B. an C. the D. /8. _ man riding a motorbike is _ university teacher. A. A; an B. The; a C. The; an D. A; the 9. On April 12, 1961，_27yearol

21、d Yuri Gagarin(尤里.加加林)became the first human to go into_ space.A. the;不填 B. the; theC. a;不填 D. a; the 10.Would you please join us? _, Im notA. good a quite player B. quite a good player C. a quite good player D. quite good a player11. He has tried four times, but his teacher wants him to try _fifth

22、time. A. theB. aC. / 介词1. I was so tired after the marathon，so I leaned _the wall to have a rest. A. on B. in C. against D. with 2. Taiwan lies _ the south of China and _ the east of Fujian Province.A. in; to B. to; to C. in; on D. to; on 3. Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake , compared _paradise

23、on the earth.A. with B. to C. as D. for 短语动词1.Mike promised to _his friend at the airport, but he hasnt arrived yet.A. Pick up B. bring up C. put up D. grow up2. They are going to_Hamlet.A. put away B. put up C. put off D. put on3.Do you have iphone5 mobiles? Sorry, they have been _.You may come nex

24、t weekA. given out B. looked out C. sold out D. come out4. Luckily, everything has _well according to the plan. A. come out B. worked out C. put out D. given out 5. Dont _ too late. or you will feel tired in class.A. wake up B. get up C. stay up D. stand up时态1. When will he leave for Shanghai? As so

25、on as he _ his work. A. finished B. will finish C. is finishing D. finishes2.Lin Kai, hand in your homework, please. Oh, sorry. I _ it at home this morning. A. was leaving B. has left C. will leave D. left3.Ive got a ticket for the basketball game tonight. Cool！How you it? A. had, got B. did, get C.

26、 were, getting D. has got4. ：You _ your mind. I cant stand you. A. are always changing B. always changes C. have always changed D. always changed5. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The neighbors _ for a party. A. prepare B. are preparing C. will prepare D. have prepared6. I didnt hear you

27、 because I the news on the radio.A. listen to B. am listening to C. listened to D. was listening to7. I was very angry with Johnhe just_ when I spoke to him.A. isnt listening B. hasnt listened C. didnt listen D. wasnt listening8. -Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here.A. w

28、as B. have been C. came D. am coming 9. Echo _ for half a month. Shell come hack in two months.A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away10. Great changes _ in Tongren in the past five years. A. have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place11. Have you ever been

29、to Beijing. -Yes, I _there last year. A. went B. went to C. have been D. have been to被动语态1. The young teacher has _ competent. A. been proved to be B. proved to be C. been provedD. proved being 2. As we approached the work site, the workers were seen _the new house. A. building B. build C. built D.

30、to build 3.Have you finished your fashion design? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. am given B. give C. will give D. will be given4. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care ofC. is ta

31、king good care of D. are taken good care5. The pen my good friends gave me as a birthday present _well. I like it very much. A. writes B. wrote C. is written D. writing6. Han Hans new book Youth will be _next month. A. come out B. published C. coming out D. publishing 非谓语动词1. Janes mother preferred

32、_ TV at home to _ to the concert.A. to watch; go B. watching; going C. watching; go D. to watch; going2. .Which movies do you prefer, comedies or action movies? I _ watch action movies _ see comedies. A. would rather; than B. like; better C. prefer; to3. As we all know, its not polite to keep others

33、 _ for a long time.A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting4. 10. How kind you are! You always do what you can_ me.A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps5 If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _it. A. stop B. stopped C. stopping D. to stop 6. We can make a fire _ the room warm s

34、o that we can chat for a while. A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept7.Will you please _ the flowers? Sorry. I wont. A. pick B. dont pick C. not to pick D. not pick8. Tom often makes his brother _but yesterday he was made_ by his brother. A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry D. to cry; to cry9. Mr

35、 Wang does what he can _ us improve our English. A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped10. Do you know why he left so early?_for the English test, I guess.A. To study B. Study C. Studied D. Studying11. The book is well worth I plan_one.A. read, to buy B. reading, buying C. reading, to buy12. What way

36、can you think of _ the mice in the room? A. how to kill B. to kill C. killing D. killed13. Water Park is a good place _ .A. to have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. to have a fun14. It is our duty _our hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it.A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping15. Many s

37、tudents said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _ true.A. come B. came C. comes16. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home. A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played17. The thief was noticed _the office building by the back door on the screen.A. enter B. enter into C. to ent

38、er D. to enter into18.My parents often ask me _ too much time _ computer games A. not to spend; playing B. not to spend; to play C. to not spend; play19. We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _ volleyball. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play20. When I was walking past the window

39、, I noticed Wang Fei_ my homework. I really got _. A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed21.She used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night. A. read, read B. read, readingC. reading, readD. reading, reading22. One of the difficulties we have English

40、is how to remember new words and expressions. A. to learn B. in learning C. learn D. learned23. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics. A. Being; being B. To be; being C. Being; to be D. To be; to be24. I spend much more time playing basketball than I _ for my lessons.A. spend to prepare B. do preparing C. do to prepare D. spend prepare 特殊句型1.Its said that a foreign E