过去完成时(13页).doc

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1、-过去完成时-第 13 页过去完成时一、 含义：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，它表示发生的时间为“过去的过去”。二、 构成：had +（not）+过去分词一般疑问句：Had+ 主语+ 过去分词 其他？肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ had. 否定回答: No, 主语+ hadnt.例句：Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.-Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?-Yes,it had./No, it hadnt.三、

2、 用法1. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态。只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。常见的时间状语（从句）由by, before, when, by the end of, by the time, until 等引导。He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年。（解析：由时间状语before he came to our school.可知，前面是在此之前所发生的事情，表过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。）My parents had begun to

3、 work by the time I got up.在我起床的时候我父母已经开始工作了。Ihadlearned1000Englishwordsuntilthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。2. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态一直延续到过去某个时间并可能延续下去。常与“for 时间段”或“since时间点”连用。注意：与现在完成时一样，和时间相关的要用延续性动词。The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.当Millie到达电影院的时候, 电影已经开

4、始了半个小时了。（解析：begin是短暂性动词，不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用；电影在Millie 到达电影院之前就开始了，是过去的过去，应当用过去完成时。）When Jack arrived, Mary had been away since an hour ago.当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。拓展：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput

5、onwearwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe3. 过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.她说她从来没有去过巴黎。I thought that I had seen him before.我觉得我以前见过他。4. 在表示过去概念的句子中，常出现与完成

6、时态连用的词，如：already, yet, since, for, ever, never 及表次数的词，此时句子常用过完成时。I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 我昨天在街上碰到了吉姆。自从他去北京后，我们彼此没有见过面。Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehehadenjoyed agooddrink.（解析：Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句中用过去完成时。）练习题1The teacher_the office f

7、or a few minutes when we arrivedWe didnt meet himAhave left Bhad left Chad been away from【答案】C【解析】由when we arrived可知，主句应该用过去完成时，首先排除A；由for a few minutes可知，谓语动词应该用延续性动词。2The boy_his mistake before his teacher told himArealizes Bhas realized Chad realized Dwould realize【答案】C【解析】由时间状语before his teacher

8、 told him可知，前面是在此之前所发生的事情，表过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。3They_about eight hundred English words by the end of last termAhave learned Bhad learnedCwill learn Dare going to learn【答案】B【解析】由by the end of last term可知，这里应该用过去完成时。4I hear the beginning of this movie is very excitingWhat a pity!When I got to the cinema ye

9、sterday，the film_for several minutesAbegan Bhad begunChad been on Dhas been on【答案】C【解析】begin是短暂性动词，不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用；电影在“我”到达电影院之前就开始了，是过去的过去，应当用过去完成时。5The meeting_by the time I got there yesterdayAwas on Bhas been onChad begun Dhas begun【答案】C【解析】“我昨天到那儿”是过去的事情，“会议开始”发生在“我到那儿”之前，应是过去的过去。故用过去完成时。6. By

10、the time I locked the door，I realized I_my keys at homeAhad repaired Bhad changedChad forgotten Dhad left【答案】D【解析】句意为“到我锁门的时候，我才意识到把钥匙忘在家里了”，表示“把某物遗忘在某处”要用leave，时态是过去完成时。7Yesterday I met SandyWe_each other since_middle schoolAhavent seen；finishedBhavent seen；finishingChadnt seen；finishedDhadnt seen；

11、finishing【答案】D【解析】“我们自从中学毕业后就没有见过面”是发生在昨天之前的事，应当用过去完成时；since是介词，后面用动名词。8. Helen_her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband_homeAhas left；comesBleft；had comeChad left；cameDhad left；would come【答案】C【解析】had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“将钥匙忘在办公室”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。9By the time I got up, my mother _ .

12、 A. left B. had left C. has left D. is leaving 【答案】B【解析】by the time意为“在之前”，根据语境可知“离开”这一动作发生在“起床”之前，根据got up为过去式，判断使用过去完成时表达。10Tom was disappointed because most of the guests_when he_at the partyAleft；had arrivedBleft；arrivedChad left；had arrivedDhad left；arrived【答案】D【解析】guests先“离开”，Tom后“到达”。11Why ar

13、e you late again?I overslept，and_I got to the bus stop，the bus had leftAafter BwhileCby the time Dat time【答案】C【解析】by the time意为“到时候”。12He_to play_before he was 11 years oldAhad learned；pianoBhad learned；the pianoChas learned；the pianoDlearns；piano【答案】B【解析】时间状语before he was 11 years old是过去时，主句的动作发生在这

14、个时间之前，表示“过去的过去”，应当用过去完成时；piano是西洋乐器，与play连用时，前面应当加the。13By the time I got home，my mother_dinner for meAcooked Bhad cookedCwas cooking Dis cooking【答案】B【解析】由“by the time+表示过去的时间状语从句”可知，主句应该用过去完成时。14By the end of last month，he_in the army for one and a half yearsAjoined Bhad joinedChas been Dhad been【答

15、案】D【解析】句意：到上个月月末为止，他已经参军一年半了。由句意可知应该用过去完成时，首先排除A和C，join是瞬间动词，不能和时间段连用，因此答案为D。15Did you see Mr Smith when you were in France?NoWhen I_France，he_to ChinaAhad arrived in；had goneBarrived in；has beenCgot to；had goneDhad got to；had been【答案】C【解析】句意：当你在法国的时候，你见到史密斯先生了吗?没有，当我到达法国的时候，他已经去了中国。由语境可知，when引导的从句用

16、一般过去时表过去的时间点，主句则是在这之前所发生的事，因此答案为C。16He told us that he_the letters in the morningAwill post Bhave postedCwas posting Dhad posted【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。当主句是一般过去时时，从句应该用相应的过去时态，由题意可知用过去完成时。【解析】由by the end of last year可知，应该用过去完成时。17Did you meet Tom at the airport?NoHis plane_by the time I_thereAhas taken off；

17、gotBtook off；had gotCtook off；arrivedDhad taken off；arrived【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，by the time后引导的时间状语从句应该用一般过去时表过去的时间点，主句则应该用过去完成时表示在过去的过去所发生的事情。18.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用过去完成时连接两句)Beforewe_,we_19.Heshowedusthepicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用过去完成时连接两句)Beforehe_,he_.14.Afterwehadhadourte

18、sts,wehadalongholiday.15.Beforeheshowedusaroundthehouse,hehadshowedusthepicture.1.We_(paint)thehousebeforewemovedin.2.Thatricholdman_(make)adecisionbeforehedied.3.They_(study)themapofthecountrybeforetheyleft.1Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.（改否定句）Ihadntsoldtheticketwhenshecame.2. Shehadsungasongtousbef

19、oreshedanced.（改否定句）Shehadntsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.5. LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.（改一般疑问）HadLucycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrivedyet?检测题1By nine oclock yesterday evening，we_our workAhave finished BfinishedChad finished Dfinish【答案】C【解析】由by后的时间状语可知，应该用过去完成时。2We_four thousand new w

20、ords by the end of last yearAlearned Bhad learnedChave learned Dwill learn【答案】B3I_all the exercises before my teacher collected the exercise booksAhave finished BfinishedChad finished Dfinish【答案】C【解析】从before my teacher collected可知时态应用过去完成时，故答案是C。4Just before the English class，I suddenly realized tha

21、t I_my English textbook at homeAforgot Bhad forgottenCleft Dhad left【答案】D【解析】本句表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，且句中有at home地点状语，只能用leave，所以答案选D。家庭作业1. He_inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe_Beijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone解析：他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用

22、过去完成时。此题选B。2. Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe_agooddrink.A. enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe_Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析：小培说她去了海南三个月。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的havebeenin.应选B.2.What_

23、Jane_bythetimehewasseven?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done答案：D5. Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked答案：A5.Therobbers_(runaway)beforethepolicemen arrived.6.I_(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeIwenttobed.7.PaulwentoutwithJaneafterhe (make)ap

24、honecall.8.Tomsaidhe_(read)thebooktwice.9.Ourplanfailedbecausewe_(make)abadmistake.答案：hadrunaway、hadturnedoff、hadmade、hadread、hadmade1.Theybegantoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks.（否定）Theydidntbegintoclimbthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrinks.2.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑问）Had the plane taken off by the time he got to the airport?3.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑问）Hadyoubeenveryhungryby10:00a.m?