英语五种基本句型及特殊疑问句(6页).doc

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1、-英语五种基本句型及特殊疑问句-第 6 页英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： S V （主谓） 1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. The universe remains. 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 基本句型二： S V P （主谓表） 系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner sm

2、ells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 7. Our well has gone dry. 8. His face turned red. 基本句型三： S V O （主谓宾） 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to help them. 4. He

3、 enjoys reading. 5. They ate what was left over. 6. He said Good morning. 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 基本句型四： S V o O （主谓间宾(人)直宾(物)） 谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 1. She ordered herself a

4、new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型五： S V O C （主谓宾宾补） 句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不

5、能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 特殊疑问句（语调小插件）what， where， whi

6、ch， what class， what time， what number； who, whom, whose,how，how many， how old， how much等。1、which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？2、 Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：Who(m) di

7、d you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）3、构成特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成How old are you? 你多大了？Whats this in English? 这个用英语怎么讲？但特殊疑问句有时也要特殊解：即如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，这时的特殊疑问句看起来成了特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句。如：Whos not here today? 今天谁没来？Which pen is red? 哪枝钢笔是红色的？4、 对特殊疑问句的答复疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如： What is this? （

8、what作表语）这是什么？what color is it ? 什么颜色?Which is bigger, the left one or the right one? （which作主语）哪一个大一点，左边的一个还是右边的一个？ What are you talking about? （what作宾语）你在说什么？ Who will go with you? （who作主语）谁和你一起去？ Whom are you talking to? （whom作宾语）你在跟谁说话？ Whose dictionary is this? （whose作定语）这是谁的字典？5、回答特殊疑问句，不能用yes

9、/ no；但可用到什么山上唱什么歌来形容对特殊疑问句的应答- -即问什么答什么(尤其是简略回答更明显)。如： -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了？ -Shes only five. / Only five. (她)才5岁。对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what 询问天气。“How +be +the weather.？”与“What +be +the weather like.？”意思相同。例如： How is the weather today? = Whats the weather like today? 今天天气如何？ 1)对指人名词或代词提问用w

10、ho，作宾语时提问用whom。2)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。 eg. Li Pings coatWhose coat, my fatherWhose father 3)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。4)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问） _ _ the pupils having a picnic? 5)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有b

11、ecause引导的从句，疑问词应用why。 Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 6)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。 eg. I usually go to school by bike. How is that movie? I like it very much. “How. like.？”与“What. think of.？”如出一辙。例如： How do you like the film? = What

12、 do you think of the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样？7)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式： eg. two hundred sheepHow many sheep8)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred sheepHow many sheep 9)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 询问价

13、格。“How much.？”或“How much. cost?”与“Whats the price of.？”效果一样。例如： How much is the computer? = How much does the computer cost? = Whats the price of the computer? 这台电脑的价格是多少？ 10)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 eg. Ive worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问） _ _ _ you worked in that factory? 重量、长度、高度、宽度、深

14、度、速度、面积等。“How + 形容词 +.？”与“Whats the + 名词 + of .？”意思相同。例如： How heavy is that basket of apples? = Whats the weight of that basket of apples? 那筐苹果有多重？ 注意：与what 句式转换时，how 后的形容词heavy, wide, high, tall, deep, long, fast, large等，须分别转换成对应的名词：weight, width, height, depth, length, speed, size等。其中How tall are

15、you?与Whats your height?11)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 How often do u visit your grandma?12)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。 eg. _ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long 13）对in一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How s

16、oon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问） _ _ _ Jane and her brother finish the work? 14）对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。 eg. Its about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 15）另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 Whats the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时

17、间，就用was代替is。 Whats the weather like? 16)对人口的提问,Whats the population of Germany?德国的人口有多少？population 表示“人口”是一集体名词，have population of 表示“有多少人口”。例如： Our village has population of two hundred of people. 我们村有二百人口。 Whats the population of.？”可与“How large is the population of.？”互相转换。例如： Whats the population

18、of the world? = How large is the population of the world? 世界人口是多少？ 注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。(疑问句表示请求,建议时应用some.不是any)另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。