英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(15)(6页).doc

《英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(15)(6页).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(15)(6页).doc（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、-英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(15)-第 6 页英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析（15）To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their

2、use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few pe

3、ople understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochur

4、e that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animalsno meat , no fur, no medicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when

5、 epidemics return, she said, “ Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable wayin human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need

6、 to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal rese

7、arch seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Rese

8、arch institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageo

9、us statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to A call on

10、 scientists to take some actions. B criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. C warn of the doom of biomedical research. D show the triumph of the animal rights movement.27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is A cruel but natural. B inhuman and unacceptable. C inevi

11、table but vicious.D pointless and wasteful.28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics A discontent with animal research. B ignorance about medical science. C indifference to epidemics. D anxiety about animal rights.29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge fr

12、om animal rights advocates, scientists should A communicate more with the public. B employ hi-tech means in research. C feel no shame for their cause. D strive to develop new cures.30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is A a well-known humanist. B a medical practitioner. C an enthusiast in

13、 animal rights. D a supporter of animal research.名师解析26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to 作者在开篇引用Edmund Burke的话是为了A call on scientists to take some actions. 呼吁科学家采取行动。B criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. 批评被误导的动物权利事业。C warn of the doom of biomedical research. 警告

14、生物医学研究的厄运。D show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 展示动物权利运动的胜利。【答案】A【考点】作者意图题。【分析】从第一段我们可以看到Edmund Burke所说的话的意思就是“一个被误导的事业如果要成功，它唯一需要的是好人无所作为”。然后作者紧接着写道“现在就有这样的一个事业：动物权利保护，他们试图阻止生物医学使用动物”。随后出现关键句“科学家们需要采取行动回应这些鼓吹者”。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in

15、research is 被误导的人通常会认为使用动物进行研究是A cruel but natural. 残忍但是很普通的。B inhuman and unacceptable. 不人道而且难以接受的。C inevitable but vicious. 不可避免但是邪恶的。D pointless and wasteful. 无意义而且是浪费的。【答案】B【考点】推断题。【分析】特征词汇“tend to think”很明确告诉我们出题人想考查考生能否推断出受误导的人们是怎样看待用动物做试验的。因为文中并没有直接给出答案，这样的题目的解题关键是寻找和题干有关的信息，然后通过推理连接起来这些可能是分散

16、的信息。本题题干中的一个关键词组是“misled people”，首先需要定位，看看“misled people”都有什么看法，然后再做判断。第一段最后一句说“当人们听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段是一个具体的被误导的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是说她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句非常关键：“对于他们来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。从以上的分析可以看出，受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中，B最符合原文。A中虽然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不对，因为被误导的人们不可能认为那是普通的事

17、情。C说的是“不可避免的，但是邪恶的”，也不正确，因为文章中没有提到不可避免这个说法。D项说的是“毫无意义，浪费的”，文中没有提到毫无意义这个意思。28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics 老太太的例子被用来说明公众A discontent with animal research. 对动物研究的不满。B ignorance about medical science. 对医学的无知。C indifference to epidemics. 对流行病的冷漠。D anxiety about ani

18、mal rights. 对动物权益的忧虑。【答案】B【考点】作者意图题。【分析】这个例子说的是一位老太太向大家散发传单，号召大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。当问及是否反对使用疫苗时，老太大说，若疫苗也来源于动物，那么就不应使用疫苗，流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而她的这种无知是很普遍的。作者在第二段最后一句话感叹“这些好心人压根儿就不明白”，所以答案为B。A说的是公众对动物试验的不满。但是，老太太的例子不仅仅是为了说明这一点。这个论据反映的是什么论点呢？从全文来看，作者的目的不是为了写公众有多愤怒，而在于指出公众不满的根源对医学研究不了解，然后呼唤

19、科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。所以老太太的例子反映的是公众的无知。29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should作者认为，科学家在面临动物权利保护鼓吹者的挑战时，应该A communicate more with the public.更多地与公众交流。B employ hi-tech means in research.在研究中采用高科技手段。C feel no shame for their cause.对自己的事业不感到羞耻。D s

20、trive to develop new cures.努力开发新的治疗方法。 【答案】A【考点】作者态度题。【分析】在解答这类题目的时候，考生应该按照题干关键词去寻找答案线索可能的所在地。本题关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”，以及“scientists should”，解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都是有助于他们与公众更好的交流。答案很明显，是A。选项B、C、D貌似合理，其实文中都没有提到。30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is 从本文中我们得知Stephen

21、 Cooper是一位A a well-known humanist.著名的人道主义者。B a medical practitioner.医疗从业人员。C an enthusiast in animal rights.动物权力的狂热者。D a supporter of animal research. 动物研究的支持者。【答案】D【考点】推断题。【分析】首先根据“Stephen Cooper”定位到最后一段，我们可以找到线索“Finally, becausethe ultimate stakeholders are patients. Stephen Cooper, who has made c

22、ourageous statements about the value of animal research.”。从这句话中，我们知道“Cooper”是个名人，也是病患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。所以，我们可以推断出他是支持动物研究的。正确答案是选项D。难句解析：1. All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.【结构分析】本句的主句结构是“all is that”。“all”的后边接了一个“that”引导的定语从句。第二个“that”引导的是表语从句。这

23、句话的意思理解也有难度，尤其是放在第一句，很多人由于没有能够读懂这一句的意思从而影响了后面的理解。“misguided”的意思是“被误导的”。2. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. 【结构分析】句子的主干是“Scientists need to respond to animal rights

24、 advocates”，“whose”引导一个定语从句，指代“animal rights advocates”。 “are confusing”和“(are)threatening”是并列的谓语。单词“thereby”的意思是“因此, 从而, 在那方面”。3. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that c

25、omes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines.【结构分析】句子的主句是“a woman was distributing a brochure”。“staffing”是现在分词做后置定语；“brochure”后边的“that”引导一个定语从句，修饰“brochure”。“anything”后边的“that”也接一个定语从句，限定修饰“anything”。“staff”在此句中作动词使用，“staff”在用作名词的时候表示“员工，职员”，但是在用作动词的时候，就表示“充当职员”。“booth”实际上指的就是“摊位”或

26、“摊棚”，“fair”就是一次“展销会”或者“集市”。4. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.【结构分析】本句的主句结构是“animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst”。 “as well as

27、 new treatments and vaccines”此部分是一个状语。“those”的后边跟了一个“who”引导的定语从句。“at best”的意思是“最好的情况下”，“at worst”的意思是“最坏的情况下”。全文翻译：18世纪政治家埃德蒙柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“一个被误导的事业如果要成功，它唯一需要的是好人无所作为”。现在就有这样的一个事业，正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为它们的一种理论说，动物有禁止自己被用于实验的权利。科学家应该强有力的回应动物权利鼓吹者，因为他们的言论混淆了公众视听，从而威胁到卫生知识和卫生保健的进步。动物权利运动的领导者将矛头指向生物医学研究，原因在于生物

28、医学研究依赖公共资金的资助，并且很少有人懂得医学研究的过程。当人们听到医学实验虐待动物的指控时，许多人都很困惑为什么有人会故意伤害动物。例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶为动物权利宣传点散发小册子。规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品肉类，毛皮，药物。当她被问到是否反对免疫接种时，她问疫苗是否来自动物实验。当被告知的确如此，她回答道，“那么我不得不说，是的，我反对接种”。当被问到瘟疫爆发怎么办时，她说，“不用担心，科学家会找到一种方法，用计算机来解决问题”。看，这样好心的人根本就不明白为什么做生物医学研究。科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众，并且要有感情的和使用通俗易懂的语言，也就是说，要使

29、用一般人能够明白的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的术语。我们需要说明动物研究与祖母的髋骨置换术、父亲的心脏搭桥手术、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的针剂注射之间都密切相关。对于那些不知道需要动物研究来做这些治疗以及进行新的治疗和研究新的疫苗的人来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。有很多事情可以做。科学家可以进入中学课堂，展示他们的实验结果。他们应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应，以防止动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的情况下横行，从而获得一副真理的面容。科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的照顾。最后，因为最终决定因素是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬库柏这样的名人的支持他对动物实验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。