《英语冠词用法(6页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语冠词用法(6页).doc(6页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、-英语冠词用法-第 6 页冠词的用法一:冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。二:冠词的种类1. 定冠词: the2. 不定冠词: a / an当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是辅音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用a, 当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是元音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用 an.。a + 辅音 a wallet, a European countryan + 元音 an hour, an 8-year-old boy三:冠词的位置冠词一般要放到名词或名词短语(形容词+名词、副词+形容词+名词、或其它修饰语+名词)的前面。 如:th
2、e last few days.最近几天 a very lovely girl 但是以下情况例外:1)all/both/half/+the+(形容词)+名词如:all the new cars all the friends half the books2)what/such/many+a/an+(形容词+)单数可数名词如:what a nice day many a time such a bad boy3)rather/quite/half +a/an+单数可数名词注意:这种情况下,a/an也可以放在rather/quite等前面如:quite a long time/a quite lo
3、ng timerather a busy day/a rather busy day4)exactly/just+a/an+(形容词)+名词如:Just a moment,please.5)as/how/so/too/however+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词如:It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过的最愉快的一天。She is so beautiful a girl.It is too difficult a book.注意:在以下六种词中,只能使用其中的一种词修饰名词:1)冠词、2)指示代词(如:this, that, t
4、hese, those)、3)形容词性物主代词(如:my, your, his, her等)、4)名词所有格(如:Toms, the Smiths)、5)不定代词(如:every, each, any)以及6)疑问代词(如:which, what). 如:1. 我的一位朋友 (不能说: my a friend) a friend of mine 或 one of my friends2.你的这两位老师 (不能说:your the two teachers) the two teachers of yours3.哪一把伞是你的? (不能说:Which an umbrella is yours?)
5、 Which umbrella is yours?4. 一辆这种自行车 (不能说:a this kind of bike) a bike of this kind5.每隔几天一次 (不能说:once every a few days) once every few days四:冠词的用法学冠词的用法必须明确两个概念:1)泛指:一类中的任何一个个体,不明确,未指明哪一个。2)特指:说话者和听话者都知道所指的内容。冠词用法的总原则:名词前用不用冠词,用哪一类冠词,通常取决于三方面因素:是可数名词,还是不可数名词是单数名词,还是复数名词是特指的,还是泛指的意义1)不定冠词a/an的用法* a/an只
6、能用在单数可数名词之前,复数名词或不可数名词表示泛指时不加冠词,或者用any/some等表示泛指意义的不定代词。* 单数可数名词如果没有其它限定词(如:指示代词,物主代词,数词,量词等)修饰,必须要加冠词(定冠词或不定冠词)。A)单数可数名词用作表语,宾语补语,表示职业、阶级、宗教、社会地位等时,前面常常要加不定冠词a/an. 如:She is a teacher.He is an Englishman.He is a politician(政治家).1/4B) a/an具有“不确定”、“不限定”的含义,泛指一类人,事物中的任何一个或随便哪一个。这种含义常常用来泛指一类,或给事物下定义,或者表
7、示类别,种类。如:A book is on the desk.(泛指)Please buy my a book.(任何一本书) (下定义).注意:也可以在单数可数名词前加the或在复数可数名词前不加任何冠词表示类别。不可数名词表示类别时不加任何冠词. 故上例也可写成如下:The horse runs faster than the elephant.Horses run faster than elephants.Water is a kind of liquid(液体)C)对于说话者特指但听话者还不知的单数可数名词(人或物),第一次提到时,前面经常加a / an;再次提到才加the.如:D)
8、在一些固定词组中要用a / an.如:have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hourE)如果不可数名词或动名词表示“一种、一类”的概念时,也可以和a/an连用。如:She got a big surprise when she saw a man lying on the floor.He has a good knowledge of English.This is a warni
9、ng(一次警告) to you.F)不定冠词a/an常常用来表示数量。意思为“一个”,相当于数词“one”。It will take a day or two(one or two days) to get there.I dont know even a single person here.He didnt tell me a thing about his wife.G) 不定冠词用在hundred,thousand, million, dozen, score, couple甚至分数之前,意为one。如:a hundred dollars一百美元 a score of people 2
10、0个人A fifth五分之一H) 不定冠词表示单位,价格,速度,比率等,意为“每一”,相当于per或every。He drives at 50 miles an hour.He washes his clothes twice a week.He takes medicine three times a day.These shoes cost 5 yuan a pair.I)不定冠词用在两件通常成为一套的东西前面。如:a cup and saucer一套杯碟A knife and fork一副刀叉A hat and coat衣帽A bow and arrow弓箭2)定冠词the的用法A) 在
11、形容词、现在分词或过去分词前加the可以表示一类人或物,且表示复数.如:the poor, the rich, the sick, the old, the young, the following, the wounded, the English, the FrenchB) 在副词的最高级形式前可以加the,也可以不加the;在形容词最高级前一般要加the; 但是, 如果不表示 “最”, 而是表示“非常”, 则应在最高级形容词前加 a / an。如:不可省略)She sings (the) most beautifully in our school.Xian is a most (=ve
12、ry) beautiful city.C) 在序数词(如first, second, next, last )前一般要加the表示顺序;但如果表示数量的增加。但是,表示“又一,另一”,相当于 “another”的意思,则要在序数词前加 a / an.如: ID) 在世界上独一无二的名词和含有普通名词的专有名词前要加the.如:the moon, the sun, the earth.the United States of America, the Great Wall (比较:America, China, New York)2/4重磅推荐:百度阅读APP,免费看书神器!E) “介词by+t
13、he+连用的表示时间、长度、重量的名词”, 表示“按计算”如:by the hour, by the piece(按件计), by the dozen(按打计算,一打=12个), by the poundWorkers are paid by the month.工人的工资按月结算。注意:和介词by连用的weight, length前面不加the.如: These cigarettes are sold by weight.Cloth is often sold by length.F) the,表示全家人或该夫妇两人.如:the Whites(怀特夫妇), the Greens(格林一家),
14、 the WangsThe Greens have a car.G) 在比较级形容词前加the,可以表示两者中“比较些的那个”或 “ 越, 就越”. the taller of the two boysthe more expensive of the bags两个包中比较贵的那个The more , the better 越多越好H) 在表示江河、湖泊、山脉、海洋、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前加the.the River Nile, the West Lake, the Ural Mountains(乌拉尔山脉)the Pacific Ocean(太平洋), the English Chan
15、nel(英吉利海峡)I) 在一些固定搭配中要用the.in the morning, in the afternoon, in the hope of, with the help of, out of the question (不可能)J) 在单数可数名词前或不可数名词前也常常可以用the限定,表示种类,类别。这一用法和不定冠词的用法基本相同。如:The pig is a kind of domestic animal(家畜).The dog is humans friends.K) “the+逢十的复数数词”表示一个世纪中的一个年代,也可以表示一个人的年龄段。如:He died in t
16、he sixties.他死于60年代。The woman is in her thirties.这个女人三十多岁。L)the+表示国籍、民族、地域的形容词时,指整个群体,或指一个国家的全体人民。看作复数名词。 如:the English英国人 the French法国人 the Chinese中国人He is (a) Chinese.The Japanese are fond of tennis.There are 2000 Chinese in the city.M) 伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式woundbitebeatpattake +sb+介词+the+部位 如:He
17、hit the thief on the head.他打中了小偷的头。She cut herself on the hand.她切到自己的手了。N) 当一个名词带有限制性定语(形容词、介词短语、副词短语、定语从句等)时,从而成为特指时,前面加the。如:The magazine here is mine.五:不用冠词(即零冠词)的情况1)指球类运动前, 以及在和介词by连用的交通工具与通讯方式前不用冠词.如:play basketball/football/table tennisI go to school by bus/air/train every day.They went to Sh
18、anghai by ship (water, plane, air, train).注意:如果交通工具名词或通讯方式名词用了复数形式或前面有了修饰语,就不能使用介词by,而要用in, on. 如: We can go there on bikes/on the bike/in cars/in the car.She likes talking to her mother on the telephone.2) 在 go to之后加地点名词,表示去从事某项活动,不用冠词;和介词in连用,表示在从事某项活动,也不用冠词.go to school / in school go to hospital
19、 / in hospitalgo to class / in class go to bed / in bedI go to school by bike every morning.3/4His mother is in hospital.注意:在以上词组中如果使用冠词,则表示到某个地点去或在某个地点.如: Im going to the hospital.I am going to the school.-Where is your father?-He is in the school.3) 在三餐饭前或在四个季节前不加冠词.Sometimes, she has lunch at sch
20、ool.When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow.注意:如果在三餐饭、四个季节的前面或后面有形容词或其它修饰语,则应加冠词.如:4)作表语,同位语,宾语补足语或主语补足语的正式官职或职务头衔名词前不加冠词.They elected(选举班长)5)用复数名词作表语,或宾语补语时,前面不加冠词。如:They have been friends/classmates for many years.People call them cowards(懦夫).6)如果谓语动词为turn或go等表示变化的半系动词时,即使表语是单数可数名词,也不用冠词。 如:He has g
21、one teacher.She turned doctor.7) 在节假日前不加冠词.如: Christmas Day, Womens Day ,Teachers Day National Day(国庆节)注意:在“春节”和“中秋节”之前要加the. 例如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Day8)在一些固定词组或固定句型中不用冠词.例如:out of question (没问题)in time (按时)in turn (轮流)at night / at daybreak /at dawn/at sunriseChild as he is, he is
22、very brave. (虽然他是个孩子, 但是他很勇敢.)9)各种语言前一般不加冠词。如:English is spoken in many countries.Are you studying Chinese?特别要注意:(1)用定冠词与不定冠词的区别,如:the second student(第二个学生)-a second student(又一个学生);the most interesting book(最有趣的书)-a most interesting book(一本非常有趣的书);the world(世界)-a better world(一个更好的世界);play the piano
23、(弹钢琴)一buy a piano(买一台钢琴)。(2)用零冠词与不定冠词的区别,如:Mr Li(李先生)-a Mr Li(一个自称姓李的先生);have lunch(吃中餐)-have a rich lunch(吃一顿丰盛的中餐);wind(风)一a strong wind(一阵大风);play basketball(打篮球)-buy a basketball(买一个篮球);have words with sb(与某人争吵)-have a word with sb(与某人谈话);help(帮助)success(成功)experience(经验)-a help(帮手)a success(成功的人或事)an experience(一次经历)。(3)用零冠词与定冠词的区别,如:Shanghai(上海)-the Shanghai you see today(你今天所见的上海);history(历史)-the history of Qing Dynasty(清朝历史);in bed(躺在床上)-on the bed(在床上);in hospital(住院)-in the hospital(在医院);in front of(在前面)-in the front of(在前部);at most=at the most(至多);at least=at the least(至少)。
限制150内