英语的主动语态和被动语态(5页).doc
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1、-英语的主动语态和被动语态-第 5 页主动语态和被动语态 一、 被动语态的用法: 1. 一 般 现 在 时 的 被 动 语 态 构 成 : is / am / are + 及 物 动 词 的 过 去 分 词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我 被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成: was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built las
2、t year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态 构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我 们 城 市 将 要 修 建 一 家 新 医 院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在进行时的被动语 态构成: am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is men
3、ding my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王 叔 叔 正 在 修 理 我 的 自 行 车。 They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语 态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made sa
4、tellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多 人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的 时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The clas
5、sroom hadn t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在 老 师 来 之 前 , 教 室 尚 未 打 扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema. 在门票被销售一空前我赶到了 电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have done They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届 时 , 他 们 结 婚 将 满 20 周 年。 The project will have been com
6、pleted before May.该项目将在五月前完成。 9.含有情态 动 词 的 被 动 语 态 构 成 : 情 态 动 词 + be + 及 物 动 词 的 过 去 分 词 Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。 Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你 应 该 现 在 就 改 正 你 的 错 误。 The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。 Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。 二
7、、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤: 1. 先找出谓语动词; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、时态和数的 变化。 例: 1. Bruce writes a letter every weA letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。
8、3. He has written two novels so far. Two novels have been written by him so far. 至 今 他 已 写了两部小说。 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now. A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在写信。 6. You must lock the door when you leave
9、. the door must be locked when you leave. 三、 使用 被动语态应注意的几个问题: 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years?一百年里会发生什么事? The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约 65 万年前恐龙灭绝。 2. 有些动词用 主 动 形 式 表 示 被 动 意 义 。 This pen writes well. 这 支 钢 笔 很 好 写。 This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。 3. 感官动词或使
10、役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式, 主动语态中不带 to , 但变为被动语态时, 须加上 to。 例: Make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do something See somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了,当她经过的时候。
11、 The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)做主语,那么动词后要用介词, 这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。 He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。 My
12、 father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一 些 动 词 短 语用于被动语态时, 动词短语应当看作一个整体, 而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can t laugh at him. He cant be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。 He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick m
13、an. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 当主句动词是过去时态(could would 除外) ,从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时, 过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用 现在时态。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think believe imagine suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动 词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We dont
14、think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他 不会这样做。 3)表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一 样,表语从句位于联系动词后,有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that 从句。 例 如 : The fact is that we have lost the game. 事 实 是 我 们 已 经 输 了 这 场 比 赛 。 That s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our pro
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