年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题03-非谓语动词和交际用语（解析版）(13页).doc

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1、-年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题03-非谓语动词和交际用语（解析版）-第 13 页2016年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题3非谓语动词和交际用语1.【2016北京】26. _ it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finis

2、h the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth.

3、结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.2、 作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式

4、”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3、 作宾语补足语(1) 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think

5、 so? （不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage(2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）(3) The

6、re +不定式。如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。(4) 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see,

7、 watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.4、 作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动

8、状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词

9、。如： I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字) I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)5. 作状语作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。(1) 做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in o

10、rder to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。He came to the school to see his son.(2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 做原因状语。如：We were very excited to h

11、ear the news.Im glad to see you.(4) 做条件状语。如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 2.当主语是不定式时，表语不

12、能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )7独立结构。如：To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.二、 不定式的时态和语态1、 不定式的时态(1) 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. (2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之

13、前。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.（3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、 不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was seen to

14、 enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.三、 省to 的动词不定式1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）2、 would rather, had better.3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whol

15、e night.They were made to work the whole night.4、 使役动词 let, have, make.5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.6、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.7、 Why dont you/Why not8、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothin

16、g but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。2.【2016北京】28._ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To orderC. Having ordered D. Ord

17、ered【答案】D考点：考查过去分词作状语 【名师点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，th

18、ereby，only等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。3.【2016北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned【答案】B考点：考查现在分词【名师点睛】现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：fal

19、ling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶一、 分词的作用1、 作定语（1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree i

20、s my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th

21、 century.A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written3. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak4. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.5. When I got back home

22、I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading2、 作状语现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees cou

23、ld have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (让步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)He came running to tel

24、l me the good news. (方式)6. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed7. There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed8. _, liquids can be changed into gases.

25、A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 注意：（1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。（2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语

26、，一般不用作定语。9. When_, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed10. _ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered3、 作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The f

27、ilm is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.4、 作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I cant make myself understood in English.I found my car missing.Ill have my wa

28、tch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。5、 作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run

29、 faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。二、分词的时态1、 与主语动词同时。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 11. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing2、 先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：Having finished his home

30、work, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.12. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received三、分词的语态1、 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book She is th

31、e girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car. 2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴4.【2016江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_within the work.A.to

32、 hideB.hiddenC.hidingD.being hidden【答案】B【名师点睛】过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意

33、义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallenleaves落叶retiredworkers退休工人therisensun升起的太阳注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.我们需要更多的合格的工人。Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。2.过去分词短

34、语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。3.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。4.单个过去分词

35、前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如：Thisisastate-ownedfactory.这是一家国营工厂。5.作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。考点：考查分词做定语5.【2016江苏】32.Only those who have alot in common can getalong well. Opposites sometimes do attract.A. I hope notB.I think s

36、oC.I appreciatethatD.I beg to differ【答案】D考点：考查交际用语6.【2016天津】1. -It was a wonderful trip. So, which city did you like better, Paris or Rome? -_. There were good things and bad things about them. A. Its hard to say B. I didnt get it C. You must be kidding D. Couldnt be better【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：这是一次很棒的旅行

37、。那么，你更喜欢哪个城市，巴黎还是罗马？很难说。它们都既有好的也有坏的事情。A.很难说；B.我不明白；C.你一定是在开玩笑吧；D.再好不过了。根据语境，故选A。考点：考查交际用语。【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维，还要注意礼貌用语。这个题目是一个对话，上下文语境非常关键。7.【2016天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary. A.

38、 making B. to make C. made D. being made【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。8.【2016天津】

39、6. -Im thinking of going back to school to get another degree. -Sounds great!_. A. It all depends B. Go for it C. Never mind D. No wonder【答案】B考点：考查交际用语。【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句，完成题目。要想做好这类题目，关键是平时要养成讲英语的良好习惯，努力提高口语水平，熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问

40、答语。9.【2016浙江】1. -Are you sure youre ready for the best? -_. Im well prepared for it.A. Im afraid not B. No problem C. Hard to say D. Not really【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：你确定你准备好考试了吗？没问题。我已经做好准备了。A.恐怕不；B.没问题；C.很难说；D.不是真的。根据语境，故选B。考点：考查交际用语。【名师点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，

41、千万不要用汉语的思维，还要注意礼貌用语。这个题目是一个对话，上下文语境非常关键。Im afraid not应该是委婉地拒绝；Hard to say表示说话人没有把握；Not really是一种否定回答。10.【2016浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , Id like you to look at a study _ in Australia in 2012. A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted【答案】D考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师

42、点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。11.【2016浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now dowith students.A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，

43、用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，看I和work的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。12.【2016浙江】20.The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before we go -.See you at 8:10A. So long B. Sounds great C. Good luck D.Have a good time 【答案】B考点：考查交际用语。【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句，完成题目。要想做好这类题目，关键是平时要养成讲英语的良好习惯，努力提高口语水平，熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问答语。这题的sound great实际上是省略句，完整的句子是The idea sounds great.和上文提出的建议吻合。