被动语态的用法(5页).doc
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1、-被动语态的用法-第 5 页被动语态的形式A 把主动态动词变成被动态,是把助动词be变为主动态动词原来的时态,再加上主要动词的过去分词。主动态动词的主语这时变为被动态动词的施动者。这个施动者常常不被提到。若要提到,可置于by之后或放在从句的后面:This tree was planted by my grandfatherB 被动语态的现在、过去及完成时态时态/动词形式主动词被动词一般现在时keepsIs kept现在进行时Is keepingIs being kept一般过去时keptWas kept过去进行时Was keeping Was being kept现在完成时Has keptHa
2、s been kept过去完成时Had keptHad been kept一般将来时Will keepWill be kept条件语气Would keepWould be kept条件语气完成时Would have keptWould have been kept不定式To keepTo be kept不定式完成式To have keptTo have been kept现在分词/动名词KeepingBeing kept分词完成式Having keptTo have been keptWe keep the butter hereThe butter is kept hereC 各个进行时态的
3、被动态要求用be的进行式加上主要动词的过去分词,be的这种进行时形式在其他方面很少使用:They are repairing the bridgeThe bridge is being repaired在被动句中,除现在及过去进行时外,其他进行进态用得非常少。因此像下列这类句子通常不能用被动态:They have/had been repairing the roadThey will/would be repairing the roadD 助动词+动词原形结构可借助于被动式来构成被动语态:You must/should shut these doorsThese doors must/sh
4、ould be shutE 其他不定式结构表示喜欢、热爱、希望、想要及与其相似意义的动词+宾语+ 不定式,由不定式的被动式构成其被动语态:He wants someone to take photographsHe wants photographs to be taken表示命令/请求/劝告/邀请的动词+间接宾语+不定式,可用主动词的被动式来构成被动语态:He invited me to goI was invited to go但是,如是advise/beg/order/recommend/urge+间接宾语+不定式+宾语的结构,则可构成两种被动语态:或如上所述将主要动词变为被动语态,或用
5、advise等+that should+被动式:He urged the Council to reduce the ratesThe Council was/were urged to reduce the ratesHe urged that the rates should be reduced至于 agree/be anxious/arrange/be determined/determine/decide/demand+不定式+宾语,则通常用that should结构来表示被动语态,与上面所述的第二种方式相同:He decided to sell the houseHe decide
6、d that the house should be soldF 动名词结构如是 advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest+动名词+宾语结构,通常由thatshould结构来表示被动语态,与上面所述相同:He recommended using bullet-proof glassHe recommended that bullet-proof glass should be usedG动名词结构如是it/they+need+动名词结构,也可用it/they+need+被动式结构来表示,两种结构在意思上都是被动语态。其他动名词结构的被动态由动名词的被动式来
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