现在完成时详细讲解及理解练习.ppt

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1、现在完成时及其考点,Welcome!,写出下列动词的过去分词形式. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19. write _ 20. forget _,一、现在完成时的结构：,（助动词）have/has+过去分词,二、现在完成时的用法： .“完成法”：表示过

2、去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,标志性词：already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、before 、 so far等。,.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。,时间状语：for一段时间；since过去点时间。,三、现在完成时的各种句式：,.陈述句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。,.否定句：主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。,3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语过去分词其他成分？,四、正确运用have/has been to, have/has gone to,和have/has been

3、 in 三种结构。,. have/has been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，但现在已经回来了。,. have/has gone to表示“已去了某地”，现在还没有回来。,. have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。,四、中考考点：,考点一：考查基本概念 例如： Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know,简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的

4、动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。,考点二：考查时间状语 例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 例2. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing

5、.was writing .wrote .has written,例4.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 例6.

6、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,_B_,现在完成时的时间状语 现在完成时常与already，just，ever，never，before，yet, recently（近来），so far，in the past/“last + 一段时间”,for +时间段或since +过去时间点等时间状语连

7、用。 (2)现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。,考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别 例1.These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 例2._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; f

8、inished B.Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish,简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故例、的正确答案皆为B。,B,B,考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法 例

9、1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 例2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 例3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived,例4. Hurry up! The play _

10、 for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变） His uncle has _ _ _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 例7. It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has

11、 . will . was,D,B,A,C,been dead,joined ago,A,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I left school in 2000.,*It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一

12、般过去时间） =一段时间+has passed+since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下： closebe closed, put onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost ,

13、 marrybe married(to), get to know know fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep ( sleep ) , come/arrivebe here/in , come/get backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be , borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on , diebe dead , joinbe in/be a m ember of , catch a cold have a cold等，, 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2

14、.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has b

15、een back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,练习,自从我来到这正好两天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I came here,It_ (be)

16、 ten years since I _(finish) middle school.,ishas been finished,注意1): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.

17、 Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,5.短暂动词和 延续动词转换,be,be over,be back,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,瞬间动词 vs延续动词,wear/ be on,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at

18、,练习,判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for half an hour . He arrived at the station half an hour ago,He _the League since two years ago Joined B. has joined C. has been in 翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了 -,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,He died 10

19、years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light

20、2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arriv

21、ed here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 (keys),6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8.

22、They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gon

23、e to的区别 例1. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 例2. My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to .have been,简析：“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的

24、状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。,A,A,用have/has been to, have/has been in或have/has gone to填空 - Where is your brother? - He _ the shop. Hell be back soon. 2. - _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ New York twice. 3. - Here you are at last! Where _ you _? - I _ London for two

25、months. - When did you come back, then? - I came back only this morning.,4. We _ this class since last week. 5. - How long _ you _ China? - Two years. 6. - David _ Australia. - Im sure hes already arrived.,（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作

26、或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以来他一直住在北京。 （说明他现在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的时候他在北京住过。 （现在是否住在北京不知道）,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a movi

27、ng film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,4.My father_(give) up _(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a f

28、ilm one hour ago. 6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,havent come,went,havent visited,6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at prim

29、ary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,II. 将下列句子中的动词改为现在完成时. John is drawing a picture. I write my name on the4 card. Tom blows out the light. The cat drinks its milk. The tree falls across the road. My parents give m

30、e a present.,John has drawn a picture. I have written my name on the card. Tom has blown out the light. The cat has drunk its milk. The tree has fallen across the road. My parents have given me a present.,单项选择 He _ working. A. have just started B. has just started C. Has just stars 2. _ you _ your s

31、uitcase yet? Do, pack B. did, pack C. Have, pack D. Have , packed 3. I _ my room already. have tidied B. had tidied C. will tidy,4. I _ my plane ticket, but I cant find it. will buy B. would buy C. have bought D. have buyed 5. -What has Denis done? -He _ over a vase. has knocked B. had knocked C. knocked D. is knocking 6. They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money. are spending B. have spent C. spend D. will spend,