大学英语四级语法指导六点.pdf

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1、大学英语四级语法指导六点大学英语四级语法指导六点1. What A would happen if the director knew you feltthat way?A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D youwould supposedo you supposed 常做插入语。2. D the advances of science， the disforts of old agewill no doubt always be with us. despite prep. 尽管; asfor 关于，至于A As for B

2、 Besides C Except D Despite3. How close parents are to their children B a stronginfluence on the character of the children.A have B has C having D to haveinfluence on 对造成影响，很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。4. He A when the bus came to a sudden stop.A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurthimself D was h

3、urting himselfhurt oneself 自残; be to + 动词原形，将要做某事;5. Jean did not have time to go to the concert lastnight because she was busy C for her examination.A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D beingpreparedbe busy doing sth. 忙于做某事6. Five minutes earlier， A we could have caught thelast train.A and B

4、 but C or D an orderand 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成“那么(和)”。只有两种情况下 and 才会这样翻译：省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。7. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you Badvertisements showing happy balanced families.A are often seeing B will often see C often see D haveoften seen8. I cannot give you D for the type o

5、f car you sellbecause there is no demand for it in the market.A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an orderorder n. 定购，订单; purchase n. 购置。9. By the end of this month， we surely C asatisfactory solution to the problem.A have found B will be finding C will have found D arefinding如果一个句子的时间状语是由 by 引导的

6、，那么时态要选择完成时态。将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。10. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to A anyfurther responsibilities.A take on B get on C put up D look uptake on 承当; take on responsibility 承当责任。1. The children went there to watch the iron tower D.A to erect B be erected C

7、 erecting D being erectedwatch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词 watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。2. The engine D smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives offgive up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过

8、程;赠送礼品。3. The manager promised to keep me C of how ourbusiness was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. ofsth. 通知某人某件事情keep me informed 使我被告知。4. The goals B he had fought all his life no longerseemed important to him.A after which

9、B for which C with which D at whichfight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为而战。I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with himagainst her. 我和他并肩对付她。5. They C in spite of the extremely difficultconditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carriedforwardin spite of 尽管; carry

10、 on 坚持，继续。6. I should like to rent a house， modern， fortableand B in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over allall in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up 总之，总而言之。7. B we have finished the course，

11、we shall start doingmore revision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By nownow that 既然，由于(相当于 since); ever since 自从以来。与 that 搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除之外。except 后面加名词或代词;except that 后面加句子。8. What you have done is D the doctors orders.A attached to B responsible

12、 to C resistant to Dcontrary tobe attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached toBeida. 这所学校附属于北大。responsible to 对负有责任; resistant adj. 对抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。be contrary to 与。相反(相违背)。9. John regretted A to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not having been going D notto be goingregr

13、et doing 懊悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。10. We regret to inform you that the materials youordered are B.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out ofpracticeout of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。第一点：动名词的复合构造：但凡一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合构造。动作发出者 + 动名

14、词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+ 动名词;当动名词的复合构造在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing客观需要或缺乏。例. Your hair wants B. Youd better have it donetomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut注意：want doin

15、g 中 doing 表示的是被动含义。例. This room is so dirty that it wants A.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲 ;mean doing 意味着，的意思是例. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems veryangry and I think he means B trouble. reception desk 接待台A making B to make C to hav

16、e made D having madeThe children went there to watch the iron tower D.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erectedwatch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词 watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。2. The engine D smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D

17、 gives offgive up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。3. The manager promised to keep me C of how ourbusiness was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. ofsth. 通知某人某件事情keep me informed

18、使我被告知。4. The goals B he had fought all his life no longerseemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at whichfight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为而战。I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with himagainst her. 我和他并肩对付她。5. They C in spite of the extremely dif

19、ficultconditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carriedforwardin spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。短语局部没有独立主语，那么短语构造称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的构造：分词(分词短语)句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，那么使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，那么使用过去分词。1.No matter how frequently A， the works of Beethovenalways attract large audienc

20、es.A performed B performing C to be performed D beingperformedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;第一点：forget 忘记; 反义 remember 记得;这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进展的行为;这两个词后加动词 ing 形式表示已经做过的事情。注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词 ing 形式都是动名词。forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;r

21、emember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth.记得做过某事;2. I remember B to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D tooffer himoffer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。动名词的复合构造：但凡一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词

22、的复合构造。动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格+ 动名词;当动名词的复合构造在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing客观需要或缺乏。例. Your hair wants B. Youd better have it donetomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being

23、 cut1. The children went there to watch the iron tower D.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erectedwatch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;感官动词 watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ dobe erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。2. The engine D smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives offgiv

24、e up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。3. The manager promised to keep me C of how ourbusiness was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informingkeep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. ofsth. 通知某人某件事情keep me informed 使我被告知。4. The

25、goals B he had fought all his life no longerseemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at whichfight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为而战。I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with himagainst her. 我和他并肩对付她。5. They C in spite of the extremely difficultconditi

26、ons.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carriedforwardin spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。注意：want doing 中 doing 表示的是被动含义。例. This room is so dirty that it wants A.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲 ;mean doing 意味着，的意思是例. Theres a man at the receptio

27、n desk who seems veryangry and I think he means B trouble. reception desk 接待台A making B to make C to have made D having made非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)当短语局部有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语构造称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语局部有独立的主语)。独立主格的构造 1：名词(代词)+ 分词 现在分词、过去分词现在分词表示主动的，正在进展的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是

28、使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时那么用过去分词。1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copperB it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followed2. All things A， the planned trip will have to becalled off.A considered B be considered C considering D havingconsideredcall off

29、 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。独立主格的构造 2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 句子当中作状语3. After the Arab states won independence， greatemphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls aswell as boys C to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouragedD be encouragedas well as 和(相当于 and

30、); be encouraged 不会考。动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励短语局部没有独立主语，那么短语构造称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的构造：分词(分词短语)句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，那么使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，那么使用过去分词。1.No matter how frequently A， the works of Beethovenalways attract l

31、arge audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D beingperformedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;一些特殊的动词：第一点：forget 忘记; 反义 remember 记得;这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进展的行为;这两个词后加动词 ing 形式表示已经做过的事情。注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词 ing 形式都是动名词。forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget

32、 doing sth. 忘记做过某事;remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth.记得做过某事;2. I remember B to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D tooffer himoffer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。“Wellness” m

33、ay perhaps best be viewed not as a statethat people can achieve, but as an ideal that people canstrive for. (xx 年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为“Wellness” may beviewed not as a state, but as an ideal。notbut意为“不是而是”。两个 that 都引导定语从句，分别修饰 astate 和 an ideal。 viewas 意为“把看作”。【译文】我们最好不要把安康看成是一种人们可以到达的状态，而应将其视为一种人们可

34、以努力追求的理想。If you are listening to that 5th grade English teachercorrect your grammar while you are trying to capture afleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die.（xx 年6 月）【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 the thought will die，从句为 If 引导的条件状语从句。在从句中，包含一个由 while 引导的时间状语从句 while you are trying to capture a fleetingthoug

35、ht。从句中还包括一个 listen to sb. do sth.（listeningto that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar）构造。【译文】在你尽力想要捕捉稍纵即逝的灵感的同时，还要聆听一个五年级的英语老师纠正你的语法，那么，你的灵感就会消失地无影无踪。Regardless of how its sold, the popularity of bottledwater taps into our desire for better health, our wish toappear cultivated, and even

36、a longing for lost purity. (xx年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 the popularity tapsinto our desire, our wish, and a longing。how 引导宾语从句，作 regardless of 的宾语。our desire for better health,our wish to appear cultivated 和 a longing for lost purity是并列成分，作 taps into 的宾语。【译文】不考虑卖得怎么样，瓶装水的流行正说明我们对安康的渴求，对文明的希望，以及对失去的纯真的

37、向往。Aording to an article in The Wall Street Journal, someof the more shameless tactics include placing attractivebottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands onthe menu without prices, and pouring bottled water withouteven asking the diners if they want it. (xx 年 12 月)【分析】 本句为复合句。句子主干为 som

38、e tacticsinclude。include 是及物动词，后面需要名词或者动名词作宾语。句中 placing，listing 和 pouring 是三个并列的动名词，作include 的宾语。介词短语 without even asking 是伴随状语。句末的 if 引导宾语从句，该从句作 asking 的宾语补足语。【译文】根据华尔街日报上的一篇文章，一些无耻的行径包括将一些吸引眼球的瓶子放在桌子上以增加卖点，在目录上列出商品的品牌但却没写单价，或为就餐者倒瓶装水而不问他们是否需要。Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lan

39、esand shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry andexit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limitedaess. (xx 年 6 月 24 日)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 the highways have。have 后的局部都是宾语。Built with safety in mind 是过去分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是 highways。现在分词 dividing 作前置定语，修饰 medians or barriers。【译文】这些公路以平安为建造理念建成，有宽阔的车道和路肩，标有中分线或装了中分路障，还配备了长长的进出道路和为平安转弯设计弧线道路，并设置了准入限制。