英语单词变形规则汇总.ppt

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1、变 形 规 则,可数名词的复数形式,可数名词才有复数形式 不可数名词主要是抽象名词和物质名词，做主语时谓语用单数 集体名词没复数形式但做主语时谓语通常用复数,statesman, mouse, mosquito , monkey, passer-by, watch, button, brochure,university,statesmen, mice, mosquitoes , monkeys, passers-by, watches, buttons, brochures,universities,1.一般在词尾加-s map-maps, bridge-bridges 2.以-s,-x,-

2、sh,-ch结尾的加-es glass-glasses, brush-brushes 3. 以o结尾的有生命的名词后加-es hero-heroes, potato-potatoes 以o结尾的无生命的名词以及-oo结尾的词后加-s piano-pianos, zoo-zoos,4.以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es;以元音加y结尾的词直接加s factory-factories;boy-boys 5. 以-f或-fe结尾的词，把-f,-fe改为V,再加-es wolf-wolves, leaf-leaves 有的以-f,-fe结尾的词，可以直接加-s belief-beliefs, roof-

3、roofs,不规则变化,1.bacterium-bacteria; medium-media; criterion-criteria phenomenon-phenomena,2. businessman-businessmen policeman-policemen postman-postmen salesman-salesmen spokesman-spokesmen statesman-statesmen,3. goose-geese; tooth-teeth; foot-feet 4. mouse-mice; ox-oxen; child-children deer-deer; fi

4、sh-fish;sheep-sheep 5. means-means; analysis-analyses stamach-stamachs,leaf-leaves; knife-knives life-lives; shelf-shelves thief-thieves; wolf-wolves,动 词 的 单 三 变,写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式 1. swim 2. draw 3. make 4. run 5. carry 6.leave 7. arrive 8. watch 9.clean 10. stay,写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式 1. swims 2. draws 3. m

5、akes 4. runs 5. carries 6.leaves 7. arrives 8. watches 9.cleans 10. stays,动词的第三人称单数规则 当主语是第三人称（she、he、it）或名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。一般情况下动词的第三人称单数形式都是直接加s 动词单数形式： 1、动词以ch、sh、o、s、x结尾时，单数形式要加es 2、动词以元音字母+y结尾时，在y后直接加s；动词以辅音字母+y结尾时，把y变成i再加es 3、be动词的现在时包括am、is、are。第三人称单数要用is；have的第三人称单数是has,动 词 的 -ed 形式,写出下列单词的过去式和

6、过去分词 1. flow 2. stick 3.bite 4.identify 5. receive 6. aim 7. limit 8.yell 9. ban 10. admit,1. flow-flowed-flowed 2. stick-stuck-stuck 3. bite-bit-bitten 4. identify-identified-identified 5. receive-received-received 6. aim-aimed-aimed 7. limit-limited-limited 8. yell-yelled-yelled 9. ban-banned-bann

7、ed 10. admit-admitted-admitted,规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 1 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed” work-worked visit-visited 2 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d” live-lived 3 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ed” study-studied-studied 4 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加“ed” stop-stopped,动 词 的 -ing 形 式,写出下列单词的-ing形式 violate wind swallow scan

8、 refer quarrel breathe begin write forgive tie try,写出下列单词的-ing形式 violating winding swallowing scanning referring quarrel(l)ing breathing beginning writing forgiving tying trying,1.一般在动词末尾直接加ing 2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e, 再加ing 如： have - having 3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个d短元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 如：runni

9、ng beginning jogging sitting getting 4.以ie结尾的动词，把ie变成y再加ing ， 如： lie - lying die - dying,形容词,副词的比较级和最高级,写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 bad clean famous dirty big ill heavy little happy far expensive well slow easy wide carefully early thin much clever,写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 bad/ill-worse-the worst clean-cleaner-the clean

10、est famous- more famous - the most famous dirty-dirtier-the dirtiest big-bigger-the biggest heavy-heavier-the heaviest little-less- the least,happy-happier-the happiest far-farther/further-the farthest/furthest expensive-more expensive-the most expensive well -better-best slow-slower -the slowest ea

11、sy-easier-the easiest wide-wider-the widest carefully -more carefully-most carefully early-earlier-earliest thin -thinner-the thinnest much -more-the most clever -cleverer-the cleverest,1.单音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级， 加-est构成最高级 如：hard-harder-the hardest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词直接加-er或-est，如：late-later-the latest 3. 以辅音

12、字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est: 如: easy - easier - the easiest 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: 如: big - bigger - the biggest 5.多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the. 如: important - more important - the most important,6.以-ly结尾的副词，除early外，其他均使用more/most构成比较级和最高级 early-earlier-earliest warm-more warmly-most warmly pa

13、tiently-more patiently-most patiently,不规则变化 good / well - better - the best 好 bad / badly / ill - worse - the worst 坏 many / much - more - the most 多 little - less - the least 少 old - older / elder - the oldest / the eldest 老, 旧 far - farther / further - the farthest / the furthest 远,请写出下列形容词的副词形式 e

14、xact complete personal probable easy frequent full automatic,形 容 词 变 副 词,1.直接+ly quietquietly differentdifferently confidentconfidently beautifulbeautifully carefulcarefully recentrecently,2. 以-le 结尾的形容词去e + ly terrible terribly possible possibly comfortable comfortably gentle gently simple simply r

15、easonable reasonably probable probably incredible incredibly,其它以e结尾的形容词直接+ly wise wisely nice nicely polite politely fortunate fortunately close closely immediateimmediately widewidely,true truly whole wholly full fully dull dully,注意以下形容词变副词的拼写,3. 以 辅音+y结尾的，变y 为i+ly happy happily easy easily angry a

16、ngrily merry merrily heavy heavily noisy noisily healthyhealthily lucky luckily,4. 以ic结尾的+ally energetic energetically automatic automatically scientific scientifically economiceconomically basic basically public publicly （例外）,注意以ly结尾的形容词 friendly lovely lively elderly lonely monthly weekly yearly b

17、rotherly fatherly motherly,deadly manly womanly daily silly,5. 形容词与副词 同形 fastfast earlyearly hardhard latelate farfar alonealone little-little,6. 有两个副词形式的词 highhigh highly deepdeepdeeply widewidewidely hardhard hardly loudloud loudly closeclose closely latelate lately,free -免费地 freely -随便不拘束地 hard - 努力地、猛烈地 hardly-几乎不 just - 恰好、仅仅、不久前 justly-公正地 late - 迟 lately-最新地、最近地 ,most - 最 mostly-大部分地 near - 近 nearly-几乎 pretty - 很(作副词用) prettily-漂亮 short - 突然地 shortly-不久，很快,May you succeed!,