群速度色散.ppt
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1、文双春 唐志祥 2009年3月17日星期二,第三章 群速度色散,1,Contents,非线性Schrodinger方程的归一化 色散致脉冲展宽 GVD对啁啾脉冲的影响 高阶色散效应 GVD对光通信系统的限制,2,非线性Schrodinger方程的归一化,为什么归一化? 简洁 便于比较相对重要性 标准 如何归一化? 每一个量分别选取一把参考尺子去度量。一般来说,脉冲宽度用初始脉宽去度量;传播距离用色散长度去度量;脉冲振幅用初始功率的平方根去度量。,3,非线性Schrodinger方程的归一化,设入射脉冲的初始宽度和峰值功率分别为T0和P0,定义色散长度LD和非线性长度LNL: 引入下列归一化变量
2、 NLS方程变换成如下归一化形式:,4,非线性Schrodinger方程的归一化,如果进一步引入归一化传播距离: 则NLS方程变换成如下归一化形式: 式中N2 = LD/LNL , N是孤子阶数。,5,色散长度与非线性长度,定义: 其中T0和P0分别为入射脉冲的初始宽度和峰值功率。 意义: LD: GVD开始起作用的长度; LNL:非线性效应开始起的长度,6,色散长度与非线性长度,L LD、L LNL,色散和非线性效应共同起作用:反常色散:Soliton; 正常色散:Pulse Compression.,7,色散致脉冲展宽,色散 相速度和群速度 常见脉冲形式 色散致脉冲展宽的解析研究方法 色散
3、致高斯脉冲展宽 色散致双曲正割脉冲展宽 色散致超高斯脉冲展宽,8,Optical dispersion,9,Negative dispersion,10,Dispersion in Optics,The dependence of the refractive index on wavelength has two effects on a pulse, one in space and the other in time.,Dispersion disperses a pulse in space (angle):,Dispersion also disperses a pulse in t
4、ime:,“Chirp” d2n/dl2,“Angular dispersion” dn/dl,Both of these effects play major roles in ultrafast optics.,11,Sophisticated cladding structures, i.e., index profiles have been designed and optimized to produce a waveguide dispersion that modifies the bulk material dispersion,Note that fiber folks d
5、efine GVD as the negative of ours.,Dispersion in Optical Fibers,12,Questions,Does dispersion affect the propagation of a plane wave? A wave packet (pulse) comprises of a number of plane waves with different frequencies. What is the frequency of the pulse? What is the velocity of the pulse?,13,Phase
6、velocity and Group velocity,相速定义为与行波场保持固定相位的观察者前进的速度。沿光纤轴传播的单色波可以描述为 群速定义为与群传播包络保持固定相位的观察者前进的速度。,14,When two waves of different frequency interfere, they produce beats,Individual waves Sum Envelope Intensity:,15,When two waves of different frequency interfere, they produce beats,16,When two light wa
7、ves of different frequency interfere, they produce beats,17,Group velocity,vg dw /dk,Light wave beats (continued): Etot(x,t) = 2E0 cos(kavexwavet) cos(DkxDwt) This is a rapidly oscillating wave cos(kavexwavet) with a slowly varying amplitude 2E0 cos(DkxDwt) The phase velocity comes from the rapidly
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