《高中英语外研社必修一重点词汇语法总结(15页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语外研社必修一重点词汇语法总结(15页).doc(15页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、-高中英语外研社必修一重点词汇语法总结-第 15 页Module1 My First Day at Senior Highinformation n信息(不可数) information technology 信息技术vt. inform 通知,告诉inform sb. of sth. 知某人某事keep sb. informed 使某人随时了解最新情况instruction cn.(常作复数)指示,说明 un.讲授,教育,指导 follow the instructions 按照说明under ones instruction 在某人的指导下vt. instruct 指导;通知;命令inst
2、ruct sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事adj. instructive 有教育意义的attitude n态度 attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/某事的态度description n记述;描述 beyond description难以描述vt. describe 描述,形容,叙述describe.as. 把描述成encouragement n.鼓励,激励 vt. encourage 鼓励,激励encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事adj. encouraged 受到鼓励的adj. encouraging 令人鼓舞的impr
3、ess vt.使印象深刻 impress sb. with sth. 使某人对某事印象深刻n. impression 印象,影响,效果,盖印 make/leave/give/have an impression on 给留下印象adj. impressive 给人印象深刻的,感人的; 引人注目的fluency n.流畅 with fluency流畅地,滔滔不绝地adj. fluent 流利的,流畅的 be fluent in(某种语言)说的流利adv. fluently流利地,流畅地progress n.进步,发展,前进 make progress in在某方面取得进步in progress正
4、在进展中cover v包含;走完(一段路程);覆盖;掩盖;报道;够支付 similar adj. 相似的,类似的 be similar to 与相似be similar in 在某方面相似adv. similarly 同样;类似地n. similarity 类似;相似点(复数similarities)disappointed adj.失望的,感到失望的(人作主语) be disappointed with/in sb. 对某人失望about/at sth. 对某事失望adj. disappointing 令人失望的(物作主语)n. disappointment 失望,沮丧to ones dis
5、appointment使某人失望的是amazing adj.令人吃惊的;令人惊讶的 be amazed at/by sb./sth.对某人或某事感到吃惊vt. amaze 使惊讶,使惊愕 amaze sb. 使某人吃惊adj. amazed 感到吃惊的,惊奇的n. amazement 惊愕,惊异 to ones amazement 使某人惊讶的是 in amazement 惊讶地enthusiastic adj热心的;热情的 be enthusiastic about对热心;热衷于n. enthusiasm热心,热情adv. enthusiastically热心地,热切地far from 离远
6、;远离 by far 大大地;得多;(修饰比较级和最高级)e.g. He is by far better than Jim.他比Jim好的多。so far 迄今为止,到目前为止 e.g. So far, so good. 迄今为止,一切都好。nothing like 完全不像;毫不相似 nothing but只不过,除了be free to do sth. 自由地去做某事 for free 免费in other words 换句话,换言之 in a/one word简言之,总之look forward to 期待;盼望 + doing 常见的带有介词to的动词短语还有:习惯于be/get u
7、sed to开始做某事;开始认真对待某事 get down to doing sth.导致 lead to 注意;关注 pay attention to坚持 stick to献身于,致力于 be devoted to反对 object to为做贡献 contribute to涉及语法点:倍数表达法、部分倒装、动词时态 Module 2 My New Teachersamusing adj.有趣的;可笑的 be amused at 感到好笑 n. amusement 欢乐;快乐;娱乐;消遣 patient adj.耐心的 n.病人 be patient with sb. /of sth.对有耐心
8、n. patience 耐心 be out of patience with 对忍无可忍 with patience=patiently耐心地n. impatience 不耐烦,无耐性avoid vt. (故意)避开;避免 avoid sth./doing sth. 逃避(做)某事adj. avoidable可以避免的appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏;充分理解,明白;增值 appreciate doing sth.高兴做某事appreciate sb. 敬仰、欣赏某人appreciate表示感激时,后面不能接人作宾语,只能加表示事物的名词如ones effort/help/work等。
9、would appreciate it if如果将不胜感激strict adj.严格的;严厉的 be strict with sb. 对某人严格in sth. 对某事严格strictly speaking 严格说来admit vt. 承认(错误、罪行等);容纳,接收;准许进入 (或使用) admit sth./doing sth.承认某事/做某事be admitted to/into 被录取;被允许进入respect vt.& n尊敬;尊重 respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊敬某人show/have respect for 向表达尊重,敬意send/give ones resp
10、ects to 代某人向问好with respect to=in respect of关于in every respect在每一方面adj. respectable值得尊敬的, 体面的adj. respectful 表示敬意的, 尊敬的 adj. respective分别的, 各自的translation n翻译 v. translate 翻译;(使)转变translateinto 把译成n. translator 翻译,译者prefer v.更喜欢;认为胜过 prefer to do sth. = prefer doing sth.= would like to do sth. better
11、更喜欢做某事prefer A to B比起B来更喜欢A would rather 宁愿 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事would rather do sth. than do sth. = would do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事would rather have done sth.宁愿做过某事注:would rather + that从句,从句要用虚拟语气at present 当前;现在 make sure 查明;确保;确定make sure of/about st
12、h./doing sth.确保make sure that+宾语从句= be sure that+宾语从句查明,确保be sure to do sth.表示主语肯定会做某事be sure of doing sth.表示主语对做某事有把握,确信for sure肯定take a look 看一眼,看一看 take in 欺骗;吸入 fall asleep 睡着 as a result 结果,因此 由因致果as a consequence = as a result结果,因此result in 造成,导致=lead to由果致因as a result of. = as a consequence o
13、f. 由于result from因发生have problems with 有某方面的麻烦 做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing = have a hard time (in) doing in fact 事实上= as a matter of fact be true of 适用于,符合于 这也适用于 This is true of = The same is true of = So it is with = It is the same withcome true (愿望、梦想等)实现 涉及语法点:with的复合结构 的复合
14、结构:“with/without宾语宾语补足语”构成复合结构,在句中常作状语,有时可作定语。在这个句式中作宾补的有:现在分词(表主动、进行)、过去分词(表被动、完成)、不定式(将要发生)、介词短语、名词、形容词、副词等。复合结构的句法作用:充当伴随或方式状语。He fell asleep, with the light still on.他睡着了,灯还亮着。充当原因状语。With her money lost, she was at a loss what to do.钱丢了,她不知如何是好。充当结果状语。She walked out in the rain, with her clothes
15、 all wet.她冒雨出去,衣服湿透了。充当定语。The room with lights on is our classroom.开着灯的那个教室是我们的。动词-ing形式作宾语 1有些动词后只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语,不能接不定式。 mind,finish,advise,avoid,consider,enjoy,imagine,escape,keep,practise,risk,miss,suggest,resist,appreciate,prevent。2有些动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语,不能跟动词的-ing形式作宾语。 wish,hope,ask,help,refuse,lear
16、n,demand,expect,decide,agree,promise,plan,offer,manage,pretend,prepare,fail,force,beg,intend等。3有些动词和短语后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语。 continue(continue to do = continue doing), begin, start, stop, like, love, hate, prefer, remember, forget, regret, mean, require, want, need, try, cant help等。remember/forget to d
17、o sth. 记住/忘记要做某事remember/forget doing sth. 记住/忘记做过某事try doing sth. 试试看,试一试try to do sth. 设法去做,试图去做mean doing sth. 意味着,就是mean to do sth. 打算做,想要Module 3 My First Ride on a Train expert n专家;a.熟练的,有专长的 be expert at/in熟练product n.产品;产物 v. produce 生产;制造n.产品(尤指农产品) n. production 生产;产量exhausted adj.疲惫不堪的 ad
18、j. exhausting 令人疲惫不堪的 be exhausted from/by 因而劳累vt. exhaust 使疲惫不堪 frighten v.使害怕;惊吓 n.惊吓 fright adj. frightening令人害怕的 adj. frightened受惊的,害怕的be frightened at/by 被吓坏了interview n.面试 vt.采访,与面谈 have an interview 参加面试interview sb. about sth = have an interview with sb. 采访某人n. interviewer 主考官;采访者n. intervie
19、wee 参加面试者;接受采访者attend vt.出席;参加;随从;陪同 vi.注意;专心 attend to 处理,对付n. attention 注意;关心 pay attention to 注意;留意adj. attentive 注意的;专心的n. attendant 服务员;侍从ceremony n仪式 hold the ceremony 举行典礼attend the ceremony 参加典礼funeral/wedding/opening ceremony 葬礼/婚礼/开学典礼at midnight 在半夜 at noon 在正午be short for 是的缩写 be short o
20、f 缺乏,不足in short 总而言之;简单地说=in a wordout of date 过时的;过期的;失效的 up to date 最新的,最近的 date back to = date from 追溯到(不用进行时,无被动语态)at the speed of 以的速度 pick up speed = speed up 加速at full/high/low speed 全速/高速/低速means n.方式,方法;手段;途径 means of transport 交通工具by this means 用这种方法 by means of (doing) 借助手段;依靠方法by all mea
21、ns可以;当然行;没问题 by no means = never 绝不;一点也不注:means单复数相同。当means由every,each或no修饰作主语时,谓语动词用单数;当means由all,these或those修饰作主语时,后面句子中的谓语动词用复数。类似的名词还有:works,sheep和deer等。scenery n. 风景;景色【辨析scenery,scene,view,sight】(1)scenery 不可数名词,是自然景色的总称。是由多个scene构成的景色,常译为“景色,风景”(2)scene 可数名词,指展现在眼前的情景,大多包括景物中的人及活动在内,还可指戏剧中的一幕
22、。(3)view 可数名词,意为“风景,景色”,指从某处俯视的情景(如从窗口往外看),常构成get/have/offer a view of.或there is a view of.搭配。此外,view还可表示“观点,看法;视野”等。(4)sight “风景,名胜”,是眼睛所看到的景象,可以指美丽的风景,也可以指悲惨的景象。常用复数形式sights表示名胜古迹、人文景观等。abandoned a.被遗弃的;放纵的abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事abandon oneself to = be abandoned to 沉溺于;陷入with abandon 恣意地;放纵地suppl
23、y vt.供应;提供;补充;满足nU供给,供应量;(复)供应品;生活用品a supply of .的供应量(be)in short supply 短缺【辨析supply,offer,provide】三者都表示“给某人提供某物”的意思,其用法如下:supply sb. with sth.supply sth. to/for sb.provide sb. with sth.provide sth. for sb.offer sb.sth.offer sth. to sb. 另外,offer还可用于句式:offer sth./to do sth.get on 上(车、船等);进展,进行,相处;继续进
24、行下去 get on/along with进展;与相处get across使(想法、信息等)被理解get around(消息等)传播;四处走动(旅行)get down to 开始认真(做某事)(to为介词)get into穿上;陷入;学会get off 下(车、船等);动身,出发get through 通过;完成;接通(电话)get away走开,脱身;逃离get out of 逃避;摆脱;使说出look out of 从朝外看 look up to 敬佩;仰慕;尊敬look out 小心,当心look through 浏览,快速查看look into 调查,观察look down on 瞧不
25、起,轻视refer to 提到,涉及;说起;参考,查阅;指的是refer to.as. 称为refer.to. 把委托/交付给n.reference 参考,参考书,涉及in/with reference to. 关于涉及语法点: 1. would you mind.?mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事Do/Would you mind if sb. did sth.? 如果某人做了某事你是否介意?Do/Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗?注意:回答“Do/Would you mind.?”问句时,一定要注意前后的一致性。常见的表示“不介意”
26、的答语有:Certainly not;Not at all;Not a bit ;No,go ahead;表示介意的答语有:Im sorry,but I .;Yes, I do mind;Im sorry,but youd better not.的用法until作介词用时后接时间名词作宾语;作连词用时后接时间状语从句。都表示“直到为止”。使用这个词汇要注意以下几个方面:until 引导的时间状语表示一个时间段,所以与之连用的主句谓语一定是延续性。e.g. He worked until deep into the night. 他一直工作到深夜。not.until.直到才e.g. He did
27、nt come back until 12 oclock. 他直到12点才回来。not.until用在强调句与倒装句中。e.g. It was not until 12 oclock that he came back. (not须与until短语一起被强调)Not until 12 oclock did he come back. (not 须与until短语一起置于句首,且主句倒装)3.动词-ed形式与一般过去时的表达方式(参照必修一Module3讲义)Module 4 A Social SurveyMy Neighbourhoodsurvey n. 调查 make a survey of
28、 sth. 对某事进行全面调查approach vt.接近;n.道路;方法 an /the approach to的方法/步骤an approach to language teaching 语言教学的方法approach sth/sb靠近,接近某事/某人at the approach of 在将到的时候exchange vt.& n交换 exchange A for B 用A换Bexchange sth. with sb. 同某人交换某物in exchange for 作为对的交换make an exchange 交换afford vt.买得起;有能力支付 afford sth.to sb.
29、 供给某人某物contact n. 接触,联系;交往,熟人关系vt. & vi. 联络,联系(某人) make contact with (想办法)联络,联系(人)in/lose contact with 与取得/失去联系keep in contact with 与保持联系know of 了解;知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知= as far as I am concernedput up 修建;张贴;(为)提供膳宿;提高(价钱) put up with 忍受put away 收拾;储存(钱)put aside储存;留出;把放在一边暂不考虑put forward提出(意见、建议等)put off延期;推迟put on假装;表演,上演(戏剧);穿上,戴上put out熄灭,扑灭put up with忍受,忍耐put down批评;写下,记下;镇压pay back 归还;报复 pay off 还清,付清up to now 至今;到目前为止 up to date 最近的;最新的make it 获得成功 make up 组成;化妆;编造;弥补go up 上升,涨价 go down 下沉,下降 go through 仔细检查,经历be fortunate (in) doing sth. 有幸做某事 adv. fortunately 幸运地 unfortunately
限制150内