高中英语词性变化及部分单词(9页).doc
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1、-高中英语词性变化及部分单词-第 9 页 1.动词(v.)名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示某一类人的名词例如:workworker, teachteacher, singsinger,jumpjumper, playplayer, learnlearner,visitvisitor, inventinventor, collectcollector等.注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例
2、如:drivedriver, writewriter等. 2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如:runrunner, winwinner, beginbeginner等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieveachievement (成就)advertiseadvertisement/advertising(广告)agreeagreementdisagreedisagreementamuseamusement (娱乐)improveimprovement(争吵)commit(奉献)commitmentdevelopdev
3、elopment (发展)departdepartment (局,部)govern(统治)government(政府)managemanagement (管理)equipequipment (装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argueargument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attractattraction;instructinstruction;inventinvention discussdiscussion;expressexpression educateeducation;graduategraduati
4、on; operateoperation (去e再加ion)competecompetition; organizeorganization (把e改成其他字母再加tion)decidedecisionconcludeconclusion(把de改为s再加ion)describedescription描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appearappearance (外貌;出现)performperformance (演出)acceptacceptance (接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:m
5、eetmeetingbuildbuildingwaitwaitingbathebathingsaysaying(谚语)meanmeaningend endingtrain trainingwashwashing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swimswimmingshopshoppingbeginbeginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如:beg(乞讨)beggar(乞丐)behave(行为举止)behaviorknow(知道)knowledge(知识)flyflight (飞行)heat (加热)heat(热量)hit (
6、撞击)hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix (混合)mixture(混合物)press(按,压)pressure(压力)sit(坐)seat (座位)succeedsuccess(成功)tourtour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)2.动词(v.)形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性. 例如: affordaffordable;lovelovable(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点. 例如: scatterscattereduseused(赵科翔,注意下,这个就是我们所讲的非谓语动
7、词作 定语的情况)(c)不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).3.名词(n.)形容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如: rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy,healthhealthy, lucklucky, angerangryguiltguilty(内疚的)touristtouristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)salty (咸的)silk(丝绸)silky(丝绸般的), sleepsleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意: 1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只
8、有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加-y. 如: sunsunny, funfunny, fogfoggy(有雾的), furfurry(毛皮的) 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加-y. 如: noisenoisy, iceicy,shineshiny(发亮的), taste(口味)tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)spotted(有斑点的);talenttalented (有天赋的) organizeorganized 有组织的;balancebalanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容
9、词例如:carecareful,thankthankful,helphelpful, useuseful, meaningmeaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:carecareless(粗心的), useuseless(无用的) hopehopeless(没希望的),homehomeless(无家可归的)(e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: differencedifferent, silencesilent, confidenceconfident(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friendfriendly,lovel
10、ovely, live-lively(g).在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: dangerdangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: musicmusical;medicinemedical(这个比较特殊)(i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加-able.例如: adjustadjustable 可调整的 valuevaluable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: woodwooden 木制的 woolwoolen 羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词例如:ChinaChinese,
11、JapanJapanese, EnglandEnglish,AmericaAmerican, IndiaIndian, Australia Australian(注意CanadaCanadian)4.形容词(adj.)副词(adv.)一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等但是,以下几点值得注意:(a) 一些以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly例如: happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noi
12、synoisily(b) 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y例如:possiblepossibly, terribleterribly(c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly例如: truetruly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly例如: politepolitely, widewidely(d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.例如: usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefullyfullfully (以-ll结尾的才只加y)1. ability (n. )能力;才能-ab
13、le (a.)-unable (a.) disability (n. ) disabled (a.) be able to do= be capable of doing2. absence (n. ) 缺席;不在 - absent (a.) -present (a.) presence (n.)3. absolute (a.) 绝对的;完全的-absolutely (adv.)4. abundant (a.) 丰富的;充裕的 -abundance (n.) 5. accept (v.) 接受-acceptable (a.)可接受的 - refuse (opp.) 拒绝6. access (n
14、.) 通路,入门;(v.)接近;存取 -accessible (a.) have access to(to为介词)可以使用;可以接触7. accurate (a.) 正确的,精确的 - accuracy (n.) accurately (adv.)- (opp.)inaccurate 不准确8. achieve (v.) 取得,达到 - achievement (n.)9. acquire (v.) 获得,学到 - acquisition (n.)10. act (n. ) 法令,条例;(v.)表演;行动-action (n.) active (a.) 主动的 inactive (a.) ac
15、tively (adv.) activity (n. ) 活动 -passive (a.) 被动的 -actor (n.) actress (n.)11. actual (a.) 实际的;现实的actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact12. adapt (v.) 使适应;改编 -adaptation (n.) 适应,顺应;改编,改编本-adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt(for sth.) from sth. 改编13. addict (n.) 成瘾的人 -addicted (a.) additio
16、n (n.) -addictive (a.) 使成瘾的;上瘾的;易令人沉溺的 be addicted to (to为介词)对上瘾14. adjust (v.) 调整,使适应 -adjustment (n.) - adjustable (a.)15. admire (v.) 钦佩,羡慕 -admiration (n.) - admirable (a.)16. admit (v.) 承认,准许 ( admitted, admitted) - admission (n.)17. adopt (v.) 收养,采用 -adoption (n.) - adopted (a.)18. advance (v.
17、) 推进,促进;前进 (n.)前进,提升advanced (a.) 先进的;高等的19. advertise (v.) 为做广告-advertisement (n.)20. advise (v.) 建议,劝告-adviser (n.) 顾问,忠告者 - advice (n.) a piece of advice21. affect (v.) 影响 - affection (n.) 影响,感情 = have an effect on22. age (n.) 年纪 - aged (a.)老年的 elderly (a.)23. agree (v.) 同意- agreement (n.) - disa
18、gree (opp)disagreement (n.)24. amaze (v.) 惊奇, 震惊 - amazement (n.) -amazed (a.) amazed (a.) to ones amazement25. amuse (v.) 使快乐 - amusement (n.) amused (a.) - amusing (a.) to ones amusement26. analyze (v.) 分析 - analysis (n.) 35. anger (n.) 愤怒 - angry (a.)27. announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告 - announcement (n.) -
19、 announcer (n.)28. annoy (v.) 使烦恼 annoyed (a.) - annoying (a.) - annoyance (n.) to ones annoyance29. anxious (a.) 忧虑的,焦急的 - anxiety (n.)30. apologize (v.) 道歉 - apology (n.) 事向某人道歉31. appear (v.) 出现 -appearance (n.)外貌,外观;出现,露面32. apply (v.) 申请 , 应用- application (n.) 申请表 - applicant (n.) 申请人- applied
20、(a.) 应用的33. appoint (v.) 约定,任命 appointment (n.) -make an appointment 约会34. appreciate (v.) 欣赏,感激 - appreciation (n.)35. approve (v.) 批准,同意 - approval (n.) approve of赞成-(opp.) disapprove (v.) 不赞成 disapprove of36. argue (v.) 争辩,辩论argument (n.) 47. arrange (v.) 安排 - arrangement (n.)37. assess (v.) 评价,估
21、价 - assessment (n.)38. assist (v.) 帮助,协助- assistance (n.) 帮助,援助 -assistant (n.) 助手,助理39. associate (v.) 联系,交往- association (n.) - associated (a.)40. assume (v.) 假定,采取 - assumption (n.)41. astonish (v.) 使惊讶 - astonished (a.) - astonishing (a.) astonishment (n.)42. attend (v.)参加,照料 - attendance (n.)出席
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