高考常用于考时态的十大句型、固定搭配和情态动词(16页).doc

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1、-高考常用于考时态的十大句型、固定搭配和情态动词-第 16 页常用于考时态的十大句型常考固定搭配情态动词的用法1、sb was doing sth when某人正在干某事这时I was thinking about my new plan whan a good idea occurred to me. 我正在考虑我的新计划，这时一个好主意浮现出来。说明：在这个句中，主句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词，从句的失态用一般过去时，when 翻译成“这时”。2、sb was(just) about to do sth when,某人正要干某事这时They were just about to set o

2、ut when it began to rain.他们正要出发，这时下起雨来了。说明：在这个句型中，be (just) about to do 可以换成sb was/were on the point of doing sth when, when翻译成“这时”。3、sb had just done when某人刚干完某事这时I had just lain down when the telephone rang.我刚躺下，这时电话铃响了。说明：在这个句型中，just用于加强语气，也可以不要，when翻译成“这时”。4、it is the first/lasttime that sb has/

3、have done某人第几次干某事It is the second time that we have visited your firm.我们是第二次参观你们的公司。说明：在“某人第几次干某事”这个句中，that之后的时态要用现在完成时，如果主句是it was,从句时态随之换成过去完成时。例如：It was the third time that we had seen this film star.我们是第三次看见这个电影明星。5、Hardly had sb donewhen sb did某人刚刚干完某事这时.Hardly had they arrived at the airport w

4、hen they received a warm welcome.他们一到机场就受到了热烈欢迎。说明：此句型完全可以换成用on sooner than,在这个句型中，一是因为否定词hardly/no在句首，主谓的顺序要到装；二是hardly/no sooner后的时态必须使用过去完成时，when/than之后的时态要用一般过去时。6、it is/has been some time since sb did某人干完某事已多长时间It is /has been twenty years since my father joined the Party.我爸入党已经20年了。说明：在这个句中，如果

5、主句是it was,那么since的时态就要变成过去完成时，这叫做主句和从句的时态“同退一步”。7、It will be some time before sb do/does过了多长时间再做某事It will be three months before we meet again.再过3个月我们才能再见面。说明：这个句中也可以换成用it wasbefore sb did,例如：it was three minutes before the boy got dressed.过了三分钟男孩才穿衣服。8、If sb dont/doesnt do sth,nor will sb.如果某人不某人也不

6、If you dont go there,nor will I.如果你不去那儿，我也（将）不去。说明：在这个句型中要特别注意时态，主句的时态用一般将来时，if引导的从句用一般现在时。常见的错误是：If you dont go there,nor do I.9、sb did before sb did/could do某人还未来得及干，另一件事发生了The boy rushed out before I realized what was happening.我还没有意识到发生了什么事，那男孩就冲出去了。说明：在这个句型中，尽管before连接的两个动作有先后关系，但发生在先的动作并没有使用过去

7、完成时。在英语中，如果两个以上的动作接连发生，这时都用一般过去时。10、I dont know when she will come.我不知道她什么时候来。I have no idea when the meeting will begin.我不知道会议什么时候开始。说明：英语中的时间状语从句和条件状语从句不能使用将来时态，但并非由此推论任何从句都不能使用将来时态。常考固定搭配1、常接-ing的动词、形容词或短语Appreciate感激；avoid避免；escape逃避；enjoy喜欢；admit承认；delay/put off/postpone推迟；advocate提倡；imagine设想；

8、fancy想象，喜欢；suggest建议；finish结束；complete完成；mind介意；risk冒险；miss错过；practise实践；deny否认；keep/keep on继续；cant help/resist禁不住；stand忍受；be busy忙于；be worth值得；look forward to盼望；feel like愿意；give up放弃；get down to着手；insist on坚持；stick to坚持；devote to奉献；jave difficulty/trouble (in)干某事有困难；be used to习惯；have a good/wonderf

9、ul time in玩得（很）好2、常接不定式的动词decide决定；determine to do=be determined to do决定；learn学会；want想要；hope希望；expect期望；wish愿望；refuse拒绝；manage设法；pretend假装；offer愿意；promise允诺；choose选择；plan计划；agree同意；afford负担得起；attempt试图；prepare准备；require要求；care想要；prefer宁愿；ask请求；beg乞求；long渴望3、常接“疑问词+不定式”的动词或短语有些动词之后接“how,what,whether,

10、where,when,who等疑问词+动词不定式”，如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know how to do it.= I dont know what I should do.= I dont know how I should do it.我不知道怎么办。这类动词或短语常用的有：tell告诉；consider考虑；show展示；understand懂得；explain解释；teach教导；learn了解；advise建议；discuss讨论；wonder想知道；find out弄清4、接不定式和-ing意思不同的动词（1）stop doing sth停

11、止在干的事；stop to do sth停下来干另外的事（2）try to do sth设法干某事；try doing sth试着干某事（3）go on to do sth继续干另外的事；go on doing继续干同一件事（4）mean to do=plan to do计划干；mean doing意味着（5）consider to do认为；consider doing考虑去做（6）remember to do记住要干（还没干）；remember doing记得干过（已干）（7）forget to do忘记了要干（还没干）；forget doing忘记了干过（已干）（8）regret to

12、say/tell遗憾地告诉某人；regret doing/having done后悔干过（9）like to do sth某一次喜欢干某事；like doing sth平时喜欢干某事(10)want to do sth；想要干某事；want doing某事需要干（11）need to do有必要干某事；need doing=want doing某事需要干（12）require sb to do要求某人干；require doing=need doing=want doing某事需要干(13)cant help to do不能帮忙干；cant help doing sth禁不住干某事但：cont

13、inue to do=continue doing继续；intend to do=intend doing打算干（1）advise sb to do= advise doing建议干（2）allow sb to do= allow doing允许干（3）premit sb to do= premit doing允许干(4) forbid sb to do/ forbid doing禁止干（5）have.done让别人做（自己不做）；havedoing让继续下去（后接延续性动词）（6）have sb do=make sb do使某人干（7）getdone让干成；getdoing使动起来；get

14、done(状态)变化；get sb to do请某人干（8）make sb do使某人干；make oneself done使成状态“情态动词+have done”表推测一览表情态动词+ have done用法例句must have done一定已经做了They must have finished their work.cant have done不可能已经做了They cant have finished their workcould have done可能已经做了或本来可能做但未做You could have used my computer because I didnt use i

15、t.may have done也许已经做了They may have finished their work.might have done也许已经做了或本来可以做但未做You might have used my computer because I didnt use it.Should/ought to have done本来该做但未做You Should have studied hard.need not have done本来不必做但做了You need not have gone out.would rather have done过去宁愿做但未做I would rather n

16、ot have gone there.would like to have done过去想做但未做I would like to have seen the film.had better have done当时最好做了某事Yout better have gone there.“情态动词+be doing”表推测一览表情态动词+ be doing用法例句must be doing一定正在做They must be watching TV now.cant be doing不可能正在做They cant be watching TV now.May/might be doing也许正在做The

17、y may be watching TV now.口诀：“情动”加上have done,推测事情已经干； “情动”加上be doing,推测事情在进行；条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：条件句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种，真实条件句用陈述语气，虚拟条件句用虚拟语气。（虚拟条件句是虚拟语气的重点）虚拟条件句关键是要熟练掌握以下三大公式：三个相反从句主句与现在事实相反If sb did/wereSb would/should/could/might do与过去事实相反If sb had doneSb would/should/could/might have done/have been与将来事实相反I

18、f sb did/wereIf sb were to doIf sb should doSb would/should/could/might do1、宾语从句中的虚拟语气：有三种情况。一是在动词insist(坚持)，order（命令），command(命令)，suggest（建议），advise（建议）。Recommend（建议，推荐），require（要求）,request（请求），demand（要求），desire（要求，愿望），等动词后面的宾语从句中一般用虚拟语气，其结构为“主语+should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。把以上10个动词简称为：一个“坚持”，两个“命令”，三

19、个“建议”，四个“要求”。二是动词wish之后接宾语从句一定要用虚拟语气。从句的时态是：1、与过去事实相反用had done/had been,2、与现在事实相反用did或were,3、与将来事实相反用“would/might/could/should+动词原形”。注意：wish在简单句中并非表示的是虚拟语气，如：wish you success.祝你成功。三是在would rather的宾语从句中，也要使用虚拟语气，其从句中谓语动词的时态用一般过去时。如：I would rather you didnt hear what I said. 我宁愿你没有听到我说的话。2、主语从句中的虚拟语气少

20、数“it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形”，其中should同样可以省略。常见形容词有：important,necessary,strange,unusual,curious,remarkable,surprising,desirable,natural等。3、定语从句中的虚拟语气“it is(high/about) time that+主语+动词的过去式，或者是“should+动词原形”。Time是先行词，that是引导词，其意思是“早该做什么事了”如：1、It is high time that you went to school.=it is high time

21、that you should go to school.你该上学了。2、It is about time that you picked up your daughter at school.= It is about time that you should pick up your daughter at school.你该去学校接你女儿了。熟练掌握强调句型：句型结构是：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子原有部分。在强调句型中，强调人时，一般用who,也可用that,但强调时间，地点等时只能用that,不能用when,where等。1、 强调主语2、 强调地点状语3、

22、 强调时间状语4、 强调宾语。not until的三大句型：例：妈妈回家之后我才睡觉。正常 I did not go to bed until my mother come back home.强调 It was not until my mother came back home that I went to bed.倒装 Not until my mother came back home did I go to bed.怎样识别not until是强调句还是倒装句呢？很简单，如果否定词not在句首，就是倒装句，如果it在句首，就是强调句。it的10大句型1、It was for the

23、first time that I wrote to a foreign pen friend.这确实是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信。这是强调句型。还原为：I wrote to a foreign pen friend for the first time.2、It is the first time that I have written to a foreign pen friend. 这是我第一次给一个外国笔友写信这是定语从句，that之后的时态要用现在完成时态。3、It was eight when the class began.8点钟开始上课。这是时间状语从句，强调句型：It was

24、 at eight that the class began.4、It is possible that I will enter this key university.我上这所重点大学是可能的。这是主语从句。It是形式主语。that I will enter this key university是真正主语。还原成：That I will enter this key university is possible.5、It is/has been three years since he got married.他结婚（成家）已经三年了。It is/has been some time s

25、ince sb did(短暂性动词)sth.意为“自从某人干某事已经有多长时间”例如：It is/has been three years since he worked here.他不在这儿工作已经三年了。6、It will be one year before she finishes middle school.再有一年时间她就中学毕业了。It is/was/ will be some time before意为“过多长时间后再干什么”。7、It is high time we went to school.我们上学的时间到了。这时定语从句，在It is（high）time that句型

26、中，that之后谓语动词的时态要用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，属于虚拟语气。8、It is said that a new factory will be built nearby my hometown.据说一家新工厂将见在我家乡附近。这时主语从句。it is+过去分词+that.。类似的句型还有：It is reported that/ It is known that/ It is thought that/ It is suggested that/ It is believed that/ It is hoped that等。9、It looks as if it is

27、going to snow.看起来要下雪了。这时表语从句，类似的句型还有：It seems to sb that/ It (so)happened that/ It appears to sb that(=as if)等。10、It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.我们掌握一门外语是必需的。这是主语从句，在“It is+少数形容词+that sb should do ”这种句型中，it同样是形式主语，that之后从句的谓语动词是“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。这样的形容词有necessary/im

28、portant/unusual/strange/natural等。情态动词+have done表推测1、must have done 一定已经做了。They must have finished their work.2、Can have done.可能已经做了。Cant have done.不可能已经做了。They can have finished homework so quickly.They cann have finished homework so quickly.They can have gone to bed since the door is closed.门关着，他们可

29、能已经睡着了。3、Could have done.可能已经做过。Couldnt have done. 不可能已经做过。You could have used my computer because I didnt use it.you couldnt have used my computer.Could have done的虚拟语气，表本来会做而未做。含责备，遗憾的语气。It was so fine yesterday,you could have come out for a walk.昨天天气好,你本来可以出来散散步的。4、would have done.表示虚拟，本来完全可以做，而没有

30、做。I would have come to help you with the work yesterday but I was too busy.昨天我本想帮你做工作的，但我太忙了。5、should have done.表示虚拟，本应该做。should=ouqht to Shouldnt have done.本不应该做。He shouldnt have swum in the lake alone.他本不应该独自一人在湖里游泳。6、neednt have done.表示虚拟语气。本来不必做，“多此一举”You neednt have watered the flowers.多此一举7、wi

31、ll /shall have done.表示将来完成时，不表示推测，也不表示虚拟。8、may have done.也许已经做了。They may have finish homework.You may have read the book.9、might have done.也许已经做过，或本来做但未做。They might have won the match.他们本来可以赢得这场比赛。I might have passed the exam.我本来可以通过考试。10、neednt have done.本来不必做但做了。You need not have gone out.你不必出去。11

32、、would rather have done.过去宁愿做但未做。I would rather not have gone there.我宁愿没有去过哪儿。12、would like to have done.过去想做但未做。I would like to have seen the film.我过去想看场电影。13、had better have done.当时最好做了某事。Youd better have gone there.你当时最好去哪儿。情态动词+be going.表推测：Must be doing.一定正在做They must be watching TV nowCant be doing.不可能正在做They cant be watching TV nowMay/might be doing.也许正在做They may be watching TV now