Glossary外国文学名著导读 (4).ppt

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1、Chapter Five The Law, Police and Military,Learning objectives: After completing this part, students should familiarize themselves with The law, police and military.,1. The British law 2. The British legal system 3. The police 4. The military,Focal points:,1. The law,1.1 The Sources of Law,Unlike man

2、y countries, the UK has no core constitutional document. The constitution of the United Kingdom is the set of laws and principles under which the United Kingdom is governed.,The main sources of law,legislation (statutes law); a large amount of unwritten or common law (judge-made law), gathered from

3、numerous decisions of the courts; treaties EU law.,1.2 The Legal System,The United Kingdom has three legal systems. English law Northern Ireland law Scots law,The highest court,The House of Lords is the highest court in the land for all criminal and civil cases in England and Wales and Northern Irel

4、and, and for all civil cases in Scots law. the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom was independent from the House of Lords in October 2009.,A Snapshot,The home of the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Middlesex Guildhall.,A Snapshot,The home of the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Mid

5、dlesex Guildhall.,Role of The Supreme Court,is the final court of appeal for all United Kingdom civil cases, and criminal cases from England, Wales and Northern Ireland hears appeals on arguable points of law of general public importance concentrates on cases of the greatest public and constitutiona

6、l importance maintains and develops the role of the highest court in the United Kingdom as a leader in the common law world,1.3 The Courts,The courts are administered by the Courts Service. The fundamental distinction in the English common law is between Criminal Law and Civil (i.e. non-criminal) La

7、w.有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料,Many kinds of courts,House of Lords - highest appellate court for appeals on important points of law Court of Appeal - has separate criminal and civil divisions High Court - highest first instance civil court; also hears most first appeals from the county court and has supervis

8、ory jurisdiction over magistrates and crown courts,Many kinds of courts,Crown Court - criminal jury trials and appeals from Magistrates Court County Court - usual first instance court for civil cases Magistrates Court - predominantly criminal but also some civil jurisdiction,1.4 The Legal Profession

9、,Look into the definition of the following terms: Lawyers Solicitors Barristers,2. The Police,The common nickname for a British policeman is Bobby, which means helpful and friendly assistance on the streets. The modern police force was started in 1828 in London with the establishment of the Metropol

10、itan Police Force(伦敦警察署) by Sir Robert Peel, then Home Secretary.,Scotland Yard,Kaleidoscope,Scotland Yard,Scotland Yard is often used as a metonym for the Metropolitan Police Service of London, UK. It derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, w

11、hich had a rear entrance on a street called Great Scotland Yard.1 The Scotland Yard entrance became the public entrance to the police station.,Scotland Yard,Over time, the street and the Metropolitan Police became synonymous. The New York Times wrote in 1964 that, just as Wall Street gave its name t

12、o the New York financial world, Scotland Yard did the same for police activity in London.2 Although the Metropolitan Police moved away from Scotland Yard in 1890, the name New Scotland Yard was adopted for the new headquarters.,Three general types of police forces,Territorial police forces Special p

13、olice forces Miscellaneous police forces,3. The Military,The armed forces of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the British Armed Forces or Her Majestys Armed Forces, and sometimes legally the Armed Forces of the Crown, consists of a navy, an army, and an air force. Their Commander-in-Chief is th

14、e British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II and they are managed by the Defence Council of the Ministry of Defence. However, the Prime Minister holds real authority over the armed forces.,the Royal Navy force,The Royal Navy, naval military organization of the United Kingdom, charged with the national defe

15、nse at sea, protection of shipping, and fulfillment of international military agreements.,figures,a fleet of 88 vessels (including an aircraft carrier in reserve) 17 vessels of the civilian Royal Fleet Auxiliary four nuclear submarines,The British Armed Forces,The British Armed Forces are a purely p

16、rofessional and volunteer force有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料,The Royal Air Force,The Royal Air Forces role, in conjunction with the Defence organisations, is to deliver the UK Defence Vision: Defend the UK and its interests. Strengthen international peace and stability. Be a force for good in the world.,For details about the British forces, read the three official websites below,http:/www.army.mod.uk/ http:/www.royalnavy.mod.uk/ http:/www.raf.mod.uk/,Research and Presentation,What are the British Militarys contributions to the international peacekeeping efforts?有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料,