Glossary外国文学名著导读 (1).ppt

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1、最新英美概况 教学课件 （英国部分）,The Latest Survey of the United Kingdom and the United States,外语教学与研究出版社,最 新 英 美 概 况,THE UNITED KINGDOM,PART ONE,Map of the United Kingdom,Chapter One The Land,Learning objectives: After completing this chapter, students should obtain some more basic facts and detailed information

2、 about the United Kingdom, especially its physical geography, and equip themselves with the knowledge of British natural resources, the climate, major cities, and administrative division of the country.,1. The official name, national flag, national anthem, and national capital of the country 2. The

3、location and size of the country 3. The terrain, rivers and mountains of the country 4. The natural resources of the country 5. The climate of the country,Focal points:,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Since 1927),1. The official name, national flag, national anthem, and nat

4、ional capital of the country,1.1 The Official Name of the Country,Conventionally shortened to United Kingdom,Abbreviation: UK,People often get confused with the terms “England”, “Britain”, “Great Britain”, “United Kingdom”, and “British Isles”. Even some British people are not fully aware of the pre

5、cise reality that these terms express. Do these terms mean the same?,Question to ponder:,Hints ,Many people say England when they really mean The United Kingdom. This is not correct! People in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland consider it insulting and hate hearing Britain being referred to as “E

6、ngland” as it appears to ignore their existence. England is only a constituent country in the UK, and a part of the island of Great Britain, together with Scotland and Wales.,England,Strictly, “Britain” refers to the largest island in the British Isles, which contains modern-day England, Wales and S

7、cotland and islands governed from the mainland (i.e. not Isle of Man or Channel Islands). However, the term “Britain” is more commonly used as a political term: an alternative name for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Britain,Great Britain is the collective name for the thre

8、e countries of England, Scotland and Wales. It also includes the small adjacent islands but it does not include the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Great Britain and Northern Ireland together form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland“, or UK.,Great Britain,“The United Kingdo

9、m” is the abbreviated form for the official name “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland“, which came into use in 1922 after the constitution of the Irish Free State (1922-1937), the former name of the Republic of Ireland.,The United Kingdom,The British Isles is a geographical term

10、 for a group of islands consisting of Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and many other smaller surrounding islands. The British Isles are the largest group of islands in Europe.,The British Isles,1. A great many people use “Great Britain” instead of “the United Kingdom” to mean the same thing. Do

11、 you think it is right? Look at the maps below. Then, you will have the answer.,Great Britain,The United Kingdom,Topics for discussion,2. In 1970, the BBC showed a series of programs about the history of the British Empire. Before the series started, they advertised it. The advertisement mentioned “

12、Englands history”. Within a few hours, the BBC had received thousands of angry calls of protest and it was forced to make an apology. Who do you think the angry callers were? Why did the BBC apologize?,1.2 The National Flag of the Country,The Union Flag OR popularly known as the Union Jack,The Natio

13、nal Flag of the UK,Description of the British national flag,The shape and flag ratio of the United Kingdom Flag is described as 1:2 (length twice the height). A blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patr

14、ick (patron saint of Ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland).,Historical significance of the British national flag,The Union Jack is a transnational flag, which represents the union of different countries and the growth of a family of na

15、tions whose influence extends far beyond the British Isles. The Union Flag, or the Union Jack, signifies unity and is a fine expression and a great symbol of unity as well as diversity of the nation.,Formation of the British national flag - A symbol of unity,The British flag incorporates the nationa

16、l symbols of three distinct countries, England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In fact its name Union Jack emphasizes the very nature of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as a union of nations. The flag is also known by another name, this too, emphasizing the idea of union: th

17、e Union Flag, perhaps a less common term but a little more precise.,The Union Flag or Union Jack is a composite design made up of three different national symbols:,* The cross represented in each flag is named after the patron saint of each country.,St. Georges Cross,the flag of England,St. Andrews

18、Cross,the flag of Scotland,The images below give you the idea of the union of the three flags forming one unified flag.,Each country of the kingdom has her national flag, and usually there is a story behind each national flag. The national flag of the United Kingdom has an interesting story, too.,Qu

19、estion to explore: Why doesnt the Welsh flag appear on the Union Flag?,The Red Dragon, flag of Wales,Answer ,-Because Wales had already been united to England when the first version of the Union Flag was designed in 1606. However, the dragon flag is in common use today, flying proudly over public an

20、d private buildings throughout Wales.,Kaleidoscope,Do you know the Union Jack is also incorporated into the national flags of some other independent countries? Look at these flags:,Australia,Fiji,Tuvalu,New Zealand,Union Jacks hung along Regent Street in London during the royal wedding between Princ

21、e William and Kate Middleton on April 29, 2011.,Wow!The design of the Union Flag can be used on ,1.3 The National Anthem of the Country,GOD SAVE THE QUEEN Originated in a patriotic song first performed in 1745. No authorized version of the National Anthem, as the words are a matter of tradition. The

22、 words used are those sung in 1745. Substitute “Queen” for “King” where appropriate. Also used in a number of Commonwealth realms and British Crown Dependencies. On official occasions, only the first verse is usually sung.,1. God save our gracious Queen!Long live our noble Queen!God save the Queen!S

23、end her victorious,Happy and glorious,Long to reign over us,God save the Queen.,http:/www.national-,http:/www.national-,God Save the Queen (standard version in the United Kingdom),2. O Lord, our God, arise, Scatter her enemies, And make them fall. Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tri

24、cks, On Thee our hopes we fix, God save us all.,3. Thy choicest gifts in store, On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign: May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause. To sing with heart and voice: God save the Queen!,Musical,Vocal,On-line Listening and Viewing:,Video,Questions to explore: 1

25、. On what occasions is the British National Anthem sung?,The National Anthem is played whenever The Queen makes a public appearance and is played by the British Broadcasting Corporation every night before closedown. It is also sung at: - the end of all Remembrance Day services. - Medal ceremonies fo

26、r Team GB (representing all countries). - the England and Northern Ireland football matches.,2. If there is a King and a Queen at the same time what gender will be in the national anthem?,The anthem reflects the gender of the RULER.When George VI and Queen Elizabeth were on the throne, the anthem wa

27、s God Save the King because the ruler was male. Only the RULER reigns, so the anthem reflects the gender of the ruler.,1.4 The National Capital of the Country,Facts learn the history and formation of its national flag, and know more about its national anthem, God Save the Queen, with its verses and

28、tunes; and we also have an even clearer image of London, the national capital of the UK.,Further reading and references (useful websites),http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_King dom http:/ www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom http:/www.know- nationa

29、l_ anthem.html http:/www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/,Bear in your mind what you have learned from the textbook and the lectures by the teacher. Read extensively from different resources and learn more about the general features of the UK and detailed facts of its official title, national flag, national ant

30、hem, and its national capital, London. Pre-read about the location and size of the United Kingdom., Assignment,2. The location and size of the country,2.1 The location of the country,Study the map on the next page and describe the location of the UK. The words and phrases below might be helpful to y

31、ou for your work:,be situated at/off/onlie offseparate fromcoast of continental Europesurround by neighbouring countries,UK Location Map,Situated on the British Isles a large group of islands lying off the north-western coast of Europe. Separated from the European continent by the English Channel an

32、d the Strait of Dover in the south and the North Sea in the east. Positioned between 50and 60north latitude and 2east longitude and 10west longitude.,Geographically and historically, the United Kingdom is divided into four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Look at the exact locat

33、ion of each of the four component parts of the UK:,Being the largest of the four countries, England occupies southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain. Sharing land borders with Scotland to the north, and Wales to the west, England is washed by the North Sea in the east and separated from t

34、he continental Europe by the English Channel in the south.,2.1.1 The location of England (red) in the United Kingdom,Being the most northern country of the UK, Scotland occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain, and shares a border with England to the south. It is washed by the Atla

35、ntic Ocean in the north and west and by the North Sea in the east.,2.1.2 The location of Scotland (red) in the United Kingdom,Located in the south-west of Great Britain, Wales is bordered by England to the east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Irish Sea to its west and north.,2.1.3 The loc

36、ation of Wales (red) in the United Kingdom,Occupying the north-eastern part of Ireland, which is separated from the island of Great Britain by the North Channel, Northern Ireland borders on the Republic of Ireland in the south-west.,2.1.4 The location of Northern Ireland (red) in the United Kingdom,

37、Mark and name on the outline map on the right-hand side the FOUR countries of the United Kingdom.,England,Wale,Northern Ireland,Scotland,Test yourself,Approximately 245,000square kilometres (94,600square miles),2.2 The size of the country,2.2.1 The size of England (green),130,410 square kilometres (

38、50,350 square miles), accounting for just over half the total area of the UK.,England,78,772 square kilometres (30,410 square miles), occupying the northern third of Great Britain.,2.2.2 The size of Scotland (blue),Scotland,20,779 square kilometres (8,023 square miles, accounting for less than a ten

39、th of the total area of the UK.,2.2.3 The size of Wales (red),Wales,14,160 square kilometres (5,470 square miles), covering about a sixth of the total area of the island of Ireland.,2.2.4 The size of Northern Ireland (red),Northern Ireland ,Conclusion,In this section, we have learned some detailed f

40、acts of the geographical location and size of the United Kingdom. From the lectures we know better where the United Kingdom is exactly located, and can identify the specific location of the four constituent countries making up the kingdom. We also learned how big in area the country is as a whole an

41、d the individual size of each constituent part of the UK.,Further reading and references (useful websites),http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom http:/ www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk http:/www.facts-about.org.uk/places-geography-great-britain.htm,Review what you have learned

42、from the textbook and lectures by the teacher. Read and explore more about the location and size of the United Kingdom and the four parts making up the country from different resources, especially from the Web. Pre-read about the terrain, major rivers and mountains of the United Kingdom., Assignment

43、,3. The terrain, rivers and mountains of the country,3.1 The terrain of the country,View the map on the next page to gain a general idea of the land forms of the United Kingdom.,UK Terrain Map,*The colour green on the map represents the lowland area. *The colour brown represents the highland area.,T

44、ips:,Roughly two kinds of terrain-highland and lowland. The highland area - in the northern part of the country, comprising the mountainous regions of Scotland, Northern Ireland, northern England and north Wales. The lowland area - especially in the east and south of England.,3.1 The terrain of the

45、country,Hilly regions in the north, west, and southwest; low coastal plains in the east and southeast. The east and west Midlands region, with its rolling hills, lies to the south of the Pennine Range. The highest point is Scafell Pike, in the northwest Lake District, which rises to 3,210 feet above

46、 sea level.,3.1.1 The terrain of England,Traditionally divided into 3 topographical areas: The northern highlands, occupying the northern half of Scotland; The central lowlands, averaging about 500 feet in elevation; And the southern uplands, featuring the Scottish moor lands with their many rivers

47、and valleys.,3.1.2 The terrain of Scotland,Map of Scotlands highland-lowland divide,Mountainous, occupied largely by the Cambrian Mountains with an altitude ranging between 1500 and 2000 feet. The highest point in Wales: Mount Snowdon, which rises to 3,563 feet above sea level. Small lowlands in the

48、 east. Narrow plains along the south and west coasts.,3.1.3 The terrain of Wales,Mostly low-lying hills and plateaus, usually no more than 500 feet high. The highest part in the southeast, the Mourne Mountains, rise to 2,796 feet (852 m) and the highest peaks of the Sperrin Mountains in the northwes

49、t all over 2,000 feet (608 m).,3.1.4 The terrain of Northern Ireland,Of the many rivers in the United Kingdom, only a few are navigable. Among the most important rivers is the Thames, which is second longest but is the deepest river in the county. The longest river in the UK is River Severn. For other major rivers, see the map and the table on the next pages.,3.2 The major rivers and mountains of the country,3.2.1 The major rivers of the country,A map of major rivers in the UK,Top Ten Longest Rivers in the UK,River