程度副词(34页).doc

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1、-程度副词-第 33 页程度副词程度副词，是对一个形容词或者副词在程度上加以限定或修饰的副词。 一般位置在被修饰的形容词或者副词之前。（用汉语举例：很，非常，相当， 一点， 明显地等等。至于语气和感觉是由后面的词决定的， 程度副词只是说明它的程度） 定义程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度常见的有fairly, pretty,rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully,deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。 程度副词的用法注意点(1)exactly程度

2、副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等)。如：This is quite much the most expensive radio here.这是这里最贵的收音机。【说明】quite有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。(2)有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等fairly, pretty,则不能修饰动词。如：I quite agree withyou.我完全同意你的意见。(不

3、用fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty,very)(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)。如：Its quite rather a good idea. / Its a quite rathergood idea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前。如：It was quiterather a success.那事相当成功。 所有的英语程度副词much, little, very, rather,

4、so, too, quite,perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, fairly, alot/bit/little, far, by far, even, nearly, pretty, as, this/that(=so), fully, absolutely,barely, completely, hardly, just, only, really, scarcely 中学英语中的“非常”程度副词系列1.very修饰原级形容词和副词以及完全形容词性化的现在分词或过去分词,如:tired, ashamed, ex

5、citing等【注意】1) 非形容词性化的分词不能用very修饰, 可用much修饰.例：She is very pleased by his words. ()She is much pleased by his words. ()2) 一些不分等级的形容词不能用very修饰, 可用quite (completely) 修饰.例：You are very wrong. ()You are quite wrong. ()3) 部分以a 开头的形容词不能用very修饰, 可用 much修饰.例：She was very afraid of dogs. ()She was much afraid

6、of dogs. ()2. much1) 修饰动词;2) 修饰介词以及形容词和副词的比较级;例：a) The girl is much like her mother. 这女孩非常像她妈妈。b) She is much younger than her husband. 她比她丈夫年轻多了。3) 修饰部分以a开头的形容词, 如: afraid, awake, alive, ashamed, alone, etc。3. well 作“很,非常,相当”讲, 主要用来修饰动词、介词短语或用于固定搭配。例：a) She was well past thirty at that time. 她那时刚好过

7、了30岁。b) His house is over there, well above the other houses. 他的房子在那边，就在其他房子的上方。c) I dont know him well. 我不是特别了解他。d) The book is well worth reading. 这本书非常值得读。4. quite1) 修饰表示绝对意义的形容词或副词, 如：sure, certain, possible, impossible, right, wrong, perfect, dead, ready等。例：Im quite sure the dog is quite dead.

8、我非常确信狗确实是死了。2) 修饰动词或名词。例：a) She quite likes the bike, but she is not quite ready to buy it. 她非常喜欢自行车，但是她不是特别想买它。b) I had quite a time at your party that evening. 那晚我在你的聚会上呆了相当长的时间。3) 可修饰good, well, ld, young等个别形容词的比较级。例：a) Shes feeling quite better today. 她今天感觉好多了。b) She looks quite older than befor

9、e. 她看上去比以前老多了。5.badly表示程度时含有迫切之意,常修饰want, need等动词或表示不良情况的短语例：a) They are badly in need of teachers. 他们急需老师。b) She wants to go abroad badly. 她非常想出国。c) He was badly wounded. 他受伤很重。6. enough意为 “足够地、非常、很”, 修饰形容词, 副词, 动词, 但须放在这些词的后面.例：a) The meat is not done enough. 肉不是十分熟。b) The boy ran fast enough to c

10、atch up with the dog. 那男孩跑得非常快，能够跟上那只狗。7. fast/sound/wide/widely这些词用作程度副词, 主要用在一些固定搭配中。例：a) The baby was fast (sound) asleep. 那孩子很快就睡着了/睡得很香。b) She was wide awake at that time. 她在那时非常清醒。c) These books are widely different. 这些书非常与众不同。d) Opinions vary widely on this subject. 就这一主题各方观点差异很大。8. nice (goo

11、d, fine) and +形容词(副词)例：a) He was good and tired after work. 他工作后非常累。b) The flowers look good and beautiful. 花非常漂亮。副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。副 词 的 分 类:1)时间和频度副词:now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom ,ever, never, yet

12、, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly , before, ago ,sometimes, yesterday.2)地点副词:here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.3)方式副词:carefully, pro

13、perly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly4)程度副词:much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly.5)疑问副词:how, when, where, why.6)关系副词:when, where, why.7)连接副词:how, when, where, why, whether英语“-

14、ly”副词与其同源副词的用法比较：英语中有一些表示方式、程度的副词具有两种形式。如late，lately；high，highly；slow，showly等等。在这些词当中，两种不同形式所表达的含义有的完全不同，有的很相似，而有的却完全一致。英语中有一些表示方式、程度的副词具有两种形式。如late，lately；high，highly；slow，showly等等。在这些词当中，两种不同形式所表达的含义有的完全不同，有的很相似，而有的却完全一致。这就给人们使用这些词时带来一定的麻烦。特别是在学生中间，总免不了使用时的混淆。笔者想就此问题分类作一点探讨。（一）本类词有hard，hardly；late

15、，lately；most，mostly等等，这两种副词形式含义完全不同，所以，使用时不易引起混淆。1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。He hardly works at all.他很少干活。2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗？3.The person who talks most is often theone who doesleast.说得最多的人常常干得最少。The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。4.T

16、he next flight dose not go direct toTokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京，而是绕道上海。He will be here directly.他马上就来。5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住。Make a right turn shortly beyond thevillage.村前不远处往右拐。6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前。He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐

17、述了自己的观点。7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。Her little girls are always prettilydressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很漂亮。（二）这类词主要有wide，widely；close，closely；high，highly等等，这两种副词形式不同，含义也有差别，但是没有第一类的区别明显，而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作，说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性；而以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。这时，这些词大都

18、具有“greatly”和“extremel y”的含义。试作如下比较：1.You see that butterfly flying highabove the street.你看那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞着The distinguished guests were highlypraised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。3.You will have to pay dear for thattelescope

19、.买那个望远镜你得付很高的价钱。You will pay dearly for the insult.对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低。He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。You ha

20、ve offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。The passengers were packed tightly in thetrain.火车车箱里挤满了乘客。Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔说话声音总是很大。Cole boasted loudly of his power.科尔大肆夸耀自己的权力。急剧地, 突然地 sharply, steeply, dramatically, drastically, suddenly显著地, 快速地 conside

21、rably, significantly, noticeably, remarkably, rapidly稳步地, 逐渐地 steadily, moderately, gradually, smoothly,轻微地, 缓慢地 slightly, slowly, mildly, moderately更多相关词条频率副词频率副词：一般用来表示动作发生的频率。往往放在句子中间，实义动词之前，非实义动词之后；非实义动词分为1 系动词be.2 助动词 帮助动词构成时态（do,does,will,shall,have,had,has）.3 情态动词（must,can,may)。除此之外，都叫做实义动词。

22、举例1.频率副词是表示与次数,频率有关的副词,如:always(总是), usually(通常),frequently（经常） often （经常）sometimes(有时), seldom(不常),rarely（极少），never（从不） once(一次), twice(两次)，等。2.频率副词等级 :all the time 100%；almost , always 90%；generally , usually 80%；often , frequently 60-70%；as often as not 40-50%；sometimes , at times 20-30%；occasion

23、ally , from time to time 10%；hardly , seldom , rarely 5%；never 0%。3.频率副词用在be动词后。He is always gets up at 6:30.他经常六点半起床。4.频率副词用在主要动词前。My father usually walks home.我的父亲经常步行回家。5.频率副词用在助动词与实义动词之间。I will always love you.我将永远爱你。6.频率副词用在ought to之间。You ought often to write to your mother.你应该常给你母亲写信。7.在答句中,频率

24、副词必须放在助动词前。Do you often go there?你常去那里吗?(误)Yes, I do often.是的,我常去。(正)Yes, I often do.是的,我常去。8.never(从不), seldom(很少,不常)用于句首时,句子要用倒装形式以加强语气。Never have I been there.我从未去过那里。Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。9.sometimes(有时）和usually（通常）可以放在句前和句末。Sometines I go to school by bus.我有时坐公交车上学。I go to school by bike

25、usually.我通常骑车上学。 口诀频率副词位置记忆口诀：be后实动前助主间对频率提问用how often或how many times更多相关词条频度副词 定义usually/ sometimes/always/often等词在英文中被称为“频度副词”，是用来表示动作频率的，但程度上有别。常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下：always（100%）usually（80%）often（60%）sometimes（40%）seldom（20%）hardly (10%)rarelynever（1%） 位置频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词等之后，行为动词之前。1. 在be动词之后。如：She

26、is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。2. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如：I will never forget this lesson. 我将永远忘不了这一课。3. 在实义动词之前。如：We often go there. 我们常去那儿。sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末（一般不放在句首）。如：Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes. 她有时候给我写信。She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后

27、面。如：We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会，一次也没邀请过我们。She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。 用法always 频率最高，表示动作重复、状态继续，表示“一直、总是”，其反义词为never。always等与not连用时，表示部分否定。如：The rich are not always happy. 有钱的人并不总是快乐的。如果要变为否定句，应将always改为never才能全部否定。如：Li Ping is always late f

28、or school.李平上学总是迟到。Li Ping is never late for school.（全部否定）Li Ping is not always late for school. （部分否定）频度副词通常和一般现在时连用，表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如：He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。（赞叹）She is always asking silly questions. 她总是问些愚蠢的问题。（厌烦）The boy is always asking for mone

29、y. 这个小男孩总是要钱。（厌烦）usually意为“通常”，表示习惯性动作或状态，很少有例外。如：We usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我们通常在早上七点上学。My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。Often意为“经常，时常”，表示反复性的动作或状态，中间有间断，不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。如：It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。he

30、 boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them. 男生经常吃面条，女生有时吃。I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的朋友写信。sometimes意为“有时”，频率不及often，表示动作偶尔发生，间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。如：Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we

31、 go for a walk.有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。seldom意为“很少”；never意为“从不”。这两个副词表示否定意义，动作几乎不会发生。如：He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。I will never forget your kindness. 我永远忘不

32、了你的好意。The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力，女生很少吃。Btter late than never. 谚语 迟到（迟做）总比不来（不做）好。hardly具有否定意义，表示“几乎不、简直不”，除非特殊情况，否则不会发生。如：The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了，不可能懂得这件事。对上述频度副词提问时，用how often。如：I write to my brothersometimes.How often

33、do you write to your brother？位于助动词之前两种情况1.为了表示强调，频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前，此时助动词等应重读。如：She always was late. 她老是迟到。I never can remember. 我永远也记不住。2. 在简略答语中，当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时，频度副词必须前置。“Philip is late again.” “Yes, he always is.” “菲利普又迟到了。”“是的，他总是迟到。” “Can you park your car near the shops?” “Yes.

34、 I usually can.” “你可以在商店附近停车吗?”“是的，通常可以。”在否定句中的用法在否定句中，有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可，而有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后，而还有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词。大致情况如下：1. 频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。他们不常开这样的晚会。正：They dont often hold such parties.正：They often dont hold such parties.星期日我们一般不在9点以前起床。正：We dont usually get up before nine on Sundays.正

35、：We usually dont get up before nine on Sundays.在否定句中，频度副词用于句中或句首，有时但会导致意思不同。He doesnt usually sleep for two days at a time. 他很少一连睡两天。Usually he doesnt sleep for two days at a time. 他连续两天不睡觉是常事。2. 频度副词always总是位于否定词之后，不可位于否定句之前。Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的。Silence must not alw

36、ays be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。3. 频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前，不可位于否定词之后。Jim is sometimes not very punctual.吉姆有时不太准时。Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does.黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。位于句末的用法1.sometimes常可用于句末。 如：We all get into trouble sometimes. 我们有时都会遇到麻烦。You cant work all the time，it does you

37、good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.你不能总是工作，有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。2. often有时可置于句末，但通常会带有very, quite, fairly, more, so等修饰语。如：Weve been there quite often. 经常去那里。When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. 我年轻时经常打网球。Diana used to travel a lot. These days she doesnt go away so often.娜过去经常旅游。这些天

38、她不常出门了。Were not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often.虽算不上关系密切，但还常见面。注：有时也可不带修饰语，但主要见于否定句或疑问句。 如：He writes to me often. 他经常给我写信。Do you come here often? 你常来这儿吗?I dont come here often. 我不常来这儿。3. usually有时也用于句末，其前不用修饰语。Im not late, usually. 我通常不迟到。I get paid on Fridays usually.

39、我通常在星期五领工资。4.seldom 一般不用于句末，除非其前带有only，very等修饰。We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。I play basketball very seldom indeed. 我很少打篮球。5. always一般不用于句末，偶尔用于句末，此时它不表法“总是”，而表示“永远”。Ill love you always. 我将永远爱你。另外，有时用于句末是因为句子有所省略的缘故。Generally they walked together on Sunday, but not always.他们一般在星期日一起散步，但并不总是如此。句中的but

40、not always=but they didnt always walk together on Sunday。位于句首的用法1. sometimes常可用于句首。Sometimes she comes late. 有时她来得晚。Sometimes she didnt agree with me. 有时她和我意见不一致。Sometimes we get a lot of rain in August. 有时在8月份雨水很大。2. often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite, very修饰。Very often he comes in late. 他常常迟到。Quite oft

41、en the phone rings when Im in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。3.usually有时也用于句首，其前不用修饰语。Usually I get up early. 我平时起得早。Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi.有时他坐公共汽车来，不过他通常还是打的来。Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle.通常地深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。4.always一般不用于句首，

42、除非是用在祈使句中。Always remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。另外，never也可用于祈使句的句首。Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。Never ask her about her marriage. 决不要问她结婚的事。5.在正式文体中，表示否定意义的副词seldom, never可位于句首，但此时其后要用倒装语序。Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去

43、很少有过这样愉快的会议。Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完另外，once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), every Saturday afternoon（每星期六下午）等，这些时间状语也表示频率，它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中，表达上没有重复。如：We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。更多相关词条地点副词表示地点

44、的副词和表示位置关系的副词统称为地点副词。 表示地点的：here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere等。 地点副词常放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般就放在宾语后面。如：I remember having seen him somewhere. 副词可以用作表语，主要是地点副词，但时间副词和其他副词有时也可以用作表语。 定义表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词统称为地点副词。 类型常见的这类副词有：表示地点的：here, there, hom

45、e, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere等。表示位置关系的：above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, along, over, round, around, away, near, off, on, inside, outside, past等。在表示位置关系的副词中，有些副词也可用作介词(如：above, over, beyond, around, below, down, up, in, along, near,

46、 off, on, past等),在没有宾语时就是副词，有宾语时就是介词，如：Come in, please. （副词）They live in the next room. （介词）Lets take along. (副词)Lets walk along this street. (介词)She looked around. (副词)They sat around the table. (介词)Lets go on with the work.(副词)What subject will you speak on? (介词)地点副词在句中的位置地点副词常放在动词后面，如果是及物动词，一般就放在宾语后面。如：I remember having seen him somewhere.Wuxia films are popular in China.地点副词和时间副词并列使用时，一般要把地点副词放在时间副词之前。如：We had a meeting here yesterday.He did the work carefully here