2022年高考英语非谓语动词总结+改错 .docx
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1、精品_精品资料_扶弱资料(六)非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词, 就是指它们 不能在句子中单独作谓语.但它们又具有动词的特点, 即可以有宾语 (假如是及物动词的话) 、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的规律主语.同时,它们又具出名词的某些特点,即 它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语.一、动词不定式 :动词不定式(时态与语态) :主 动 式被 动 式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing1. 作主语 :To say somethingis one thing, to do it isanother.2. 作表
2、语 :My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately .3. 作宾语 :He decided to buy a computer.4. 作宾语补足语 :Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer. 注: 在 let, make, see, notice,hear 等动词后面,作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and madeeverybodylaugh.但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式就要加上to.如: We are madewrite a compositio
3、n everyweek by the teacher.5. 作定语 : He used to have a lot of meeting to attend.注:当显现 the first / second / last / only /best 时,常跟不定式作定语He was the first manget to school this morning.6. 不定式作状语 :To see what would happen, we stayed there.二、分词 ( 现在分词和过去分词)(一) V-ing 形式(时态与语态) :主 动 式一般式doing完成式having done被
4、 动 式being donehaving been done1.be poor, he couldn t go to school. 2.We are interested in play chess.3.The questiondiscuss now is important. 4.The boy was afraid ofleave alone at home.5. work in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.注:现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前(二)过去分词(只有一种时态与语态)规
5、章的: V-ed.不规章的(记不规章动词表)1. The boy went home with his homeworkfinish. 2.see from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区分:现在分词 表示的意义是 主动 的, 进行 的: the girl gathering flowers (正在采花的女孩)过去分词 表示的意义是 被动 的, 完成 的: the flowers gathered this morning(早晨采的花)1. 作表语 : The news is very exci
6、ting./They are very excited at the news.2. 作定语 : Don t disturb the sleeping child./The arrestedthief will be sentenced soon.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. 作宾补 : He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. /The work left everyoneexhausted.注: 有些动词如 see, hear, feel, notice,watch 等既可跟现在分词,也可
7、跟不带to 的不定式作复合宾语.它们的区分在于:现在分词着重说明动作正在发生.不定式着重说明动作的全过程I saw the boys climbing the wall . 我观察孩子在爬墙.I saw the boys climb the wall . 我观察孩子爬墙了.4. 作状语 : They stood there waiting for the busHearing the knock on the door , they stoppedtalking.Asked to work overtime that evening , I missed awonderful film.Com
8、pare:1. follow the old man, we went upstairs2. follow by the old man, we went upstairs.三、 动名词 (V-ing)1. 作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示常常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示详细的动作.如:Seeing is believing./My hobby is collecting stamps.注:在 “ It is no use good ”等习惯表达法中,常用形式主语“ it ”It is no use quarreling with her ./Is it worthwhiletryin
9、g again .2. 作宾语在 allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,假如出名词或代词作宾语,就构成“ allow advise forbid permit 名词代词不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式.如:We dont allowsmoke here We dont allow anybodysmoke here3. 作介词宾语Have you got used to working on the night shift (值班) . Children are fond of reading detective stories. 注 某些习惯用法中,常省
10、略介词,仅保留动名词He is busy in preparing a report .They spent a lot of time inmaking preparation.We had great difficulty / trouble infinding hishouse.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(一)、不定式的规律主语非 谓 语 动 词需要留意的几个问题 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般的结构为 for+ 名词 +不定式,如:It is difficultfor a foreigner to learn Chinese.I found
11、 it impossible him to do the job alone.但在表示人物性格,特点等的形容词后kind,brave, careful,clever, foolish,honest, kind,polite,rude, stupid,wise ,常用 of 引出不定式的规律主语,如:It was wise of him to do that.It was very bravehim to catch the thief.(二)、 不定式的主动式仍是被动式作定语时,当句中显现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式I have a meeting to attend .The
12、 teacher gave John a book to read,如不定式动作执行者不是上述情形,而是其他人,用被动态:Here are the clothes to be washed(三)、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大如. a remember to do (记住要做某事), remember doing (记得曾做过某事)b) forget to do(遗忘要做某事), forget doing (遗忘曾做过某事)c) regret to do(因要做某事感到担心), regret doing (因做了某事感到懊悔)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精
13、品资料_(四)、分词做表语有两种情形,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区分是考试中 常常考到的的方.一般来说,凡表示“令人的”都是-ing 形式,凡是表示“感到”都用-ed 形式.这类词常见的有:interesting 令人感爱好的-interested 感到好玩的.exciting 令人兴奋的 -excited 感到兴奋的delighting 令人兴奋的 -delighted 感到兴奋的.disappointing 令人扫兴的 -disappointed 感到扫兴的(五)、admit, advise, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, d
14、eny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest 等动词以及全部带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语.The boy was lucky enough to escape beingpunished.(六)、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的 to 是介词,因而其后接动名词做宾语,不要误用动词不定式.(1) Im
15、 looking forwardto seeingyou again.(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he hadto setting up some schools for poor children.(七)、主动形式表示被动意义 动词 want, need, require 后作宾语的动名词的主动形式.这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有规律上的动宾关系.例:The TV set wants/needs/requires fixing.= The TV set wants/needs/requires to be fixed.形容词 wor
16、th 后接的 v -ing 的主动形式.例:The film is worth seeing.某些作表语的形容词(如easy, difficult, hard 等)后接的不定式主动形式.例:This question is easyto answer.( To answer this question is easy.)语法填空 -高考真题回忆(一)、全国卷:真题再练:在以下各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由.1.2022 卷 I 68Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelersconduct by the website Tri
17、p Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.2.2022 卷 I70 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3.2022 卷 II 61 The adobe dwellings 土坯房 Southwest ar
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