2022年高考英语语法精品教案专题非谓语动词 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_从近几年的高考试题来看,非谓语动词考查特点出现情形和设问角度的多样化趋势.详细考点如下：现在分词与过去分词的区分. done, beingdone, tobe done 的区分.不定式与分词作状语的区分.不定式的时态及疑问词不定式形式.谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分.非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立结构的使用.大家在判定使用何种非谓语动词形式时,可遵循以下规律：对比时间：对比谓语动词的时间,确定非谓语动词的时态形式.辨明逻 辑：从非谓语动词与其规律主语的关系判定非谓语动词的语态.一、动词不定式1. 动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义主动被动一般式to doto b

2、e done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_完成进行式tohavebeen /doing如：He seems to know this.It is important to read English every day. The bridge to be built next year is very long. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.His new novel is said to have been published.

3、She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by.明白不定式各种形式的时态和语态意义对正确懂得和使用不定式起着很重要的作用.要结合不定式的句法功能一起把握,敏捷运用.2. 不定式的句法功能除了谓语外,不定式可以担当句子的任何成分. To see is to believe.眼见为实. 作主语和表语 You should continue to learn as long as you live.要活到老学到老. 作宾语Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendinthe evenings. 她晚上常常有许多会要

4、开. 作定语To do a good job, we must have the right tools.要干好活工具得用对. 作状语I didnt expect you to arrive so early.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_我没想到你来得那么早. 作宾语补足语 3 学习动词不定式应留意的几个问题1用不定式作宾语的词语.以下词语常用不定式作宾语： afford , promise , refuse , expect , hope , learn , offer ,wish , want , fail , plan,agree , prefer , decide

5、, manage, arrange , determine ,desire 等.以下 动 词后 可 接 “疑 问词 不定 式 ”： teach , decide ,wonder , show, learn ,forget ,ask ,advise ,discuss 等.2懂得和使用不定式作宾补. see , watch , notice , hear , listen to , observe , feel , make ,let , have 等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加 to ,此时的不定式就是主语补足语.常用不定式作宾补的几种情形：主 语 ask/require/tell/order

6、/force/get/want/like sb. to do sth.主语 think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine sb.to be/to have done sth.主语 call on/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. 3不定式作定语的特别用法.以下词语后常接不定式作定语： chance , wish , right,courage , need , promise , time , opportunity , way , the first ,the second , the last ,

7、the only 等.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Hehadagoodwaytomakehislessonslivelyand interesting.Whowasthefirstone togettothetopofthehill yesterday.不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在规律上有主谓关系.如：There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在规律上有动宾关系.如：I have a lot of work to do.假如不定式是不及物动词,后面应有必要的介词.如：He is looking for a room to l

8、ive in.但假如及物动词后已有了自己的宾语,其后仍应加适当的介词.Here is a box to put things in.留意：假如不定式的规律主语和规律宾语都显现在不定式前面,不定式就用主动形式.如在句中找不到不定式的规律主语,就用不定式的被动形式.留意这两句话的区分：I have a letter to write.我有封信要写. 我写信Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to betaken to your friends？你有什么要 我带给你的伴侣们吗？ 被我带而不是你带 4不定式作状语的用法.不定式作状语,

9、修饰动词,在句中表示目的、结果、缘由.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_only to do表示出人意料的结果.如：We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order not to , so as not to 用来引导目的状语,但 so as to 不能用于句首. so as to do, such 名词 as to do 引导结果状语.如：The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to beli

10、eve that.不定式仍可以作修饰表语形容词或补语形容词的状语.如：He is hard to please / to get along with. Do you think him easy to work with.留意：此时不定式用主动,而不需用被动.而且不及物动词后的介词不能遗漏.5不定式的完成式的特别用法.表示不定式中动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作.如：The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem , appear , be

11、 said , be supposed , be believed , be thought ,be known ,be reported 等常用于上面句型.此 外 , glad , happy , satisfied, sorry, surprised,disappointed后也可接不定式的完成式.不定式的完成式仍可表示“过去本想做某事但未做 ”的虚拟语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_气.Awould like/would love 不定式的完成式.Bwas/were 不定式的完成式,表示该做某事或想做但未实现.Cexpect/hope/mean/promise/suppo

12、se/think/want/wish 不定式的完成式,表示过去未曾实现的愿望.6不定式的省略.两个并列的不定式由 and 或 or 连接时,省略后面的不定式中的 to .如：I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例： To be or not to be,this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry. 表示对比 句中含有动词 do 时, but ,except , besides 等后面的 to 可省略.即

13、“前有 do ,后省 to ”.如： He didnt do anything but complain.whynot,hadbetter, wouldrather, cant but等后省to .如： He could not but walk home. 7不定式的替代.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了防止重复,作宾语或补语的不定式再次显现时,to后的内容常承前省略 只保留 to即可.但假如承前省略的不定式有助动词have 或 be 的任何形式,后可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_应当保留原形 be 或 have .如： Susan is not what she use

14、d to be. Id like /love /be happy to. You came latethismorning.You oughttohave finishedyour homework. I know I ought to have.二、动名词动名词具有动词和名词的特点,有一般式和完成式,有主动式和被动式之分,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语.1. 动名词的基本构成和意义时态与语态意义例句表示动作与谓语Wouldyoumindmyopening一般式动词同时或稍后thewindow ？你介意我打开窗发生户吗？表示动作先于谓Irememberedhavingbeen完成式take

15、nto Beijingthreetimes.语动词发生我记得自己被带到北京三次.They were praisedfor having规律主语是动名finishedtheworkaheadof主动语态词动作的执行者time.他们因提前完成工作而受到夸奖.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_被动语态规律主语是动名词的承担者No one likes being laughed at in public.没有人情愿当众被嘲笑.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2. 动名词的句法功能1作主语动名词作主语表示抽象的概念,通常直接置于句首,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末

16、.这种用法在习惯句型中常用.如：Climbing mountains is really fun.爬山真好玩.Itis no use/nogood cryingoverspiltmilk. 覆水难收. 谚语2作宾语作动词的宾语.可接动名词作宾语的动词巧记如下：考虑建议盼原谅 consider , suggest/advise,lookforwardto, excuse, pardon承认推迟没得想 admit, delay/put off, fancy防止错过连续练 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise 否认完成停止赏 deny, finish, stop,

17、enjoy/appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡 cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape 不准冒险凭想象 forbid, risk, imagine作动词短语的宾语.可接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：thinkof , dependon , setabout , succeedin , worry可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_about , think about , give up,put off ,burst out , insist on, cant stand, be/get used to , devote ,tolook forwa

18、rd to ,pay attention to , get down to , object to , feel like , adapt to , dream of 等.三、分词分词包括现在分词和过去分词.学习分词要留意下面两大问题：分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义.分词的句法功能.1. 分词的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义形式 时态意义语态 例句意义现一动 作 正 在主动 He stood on the street begging.在般进 行 或 与被动 T hebuildingbeingbuiltisa分式主 句 谓 语hospital.词动 词 同 时发生完动 作 发 生主动

19、 Having finished my homework, I成在 主 句 谓went to bed.Nothaving receiveda reply,he式语 动 词 之decided to write again.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_前被动 Havingbeencriticizedmanytimes,Jackdidntcomeany more.形式 时态意义语态 例句意义现 一般动作 正 在 进主动 Hestoodonthestreet可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在 式行或 与 主 句begging.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精

20、品资料_被动 Thebuildingbeingbuiltisa分谓语 动 词 同hospital.词时发生完成动作 发 生 在主动 Having finished my homework,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_式主句 谓 语 动词之前I went to bed.Nothavingreceiveda reply, he decidedto write again.被动 Having been criticized many times, Jack didnt come any more.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_留意：明白分词的各种形式及其表达的时

21、态和语态意义,是正确懂得和使用分词的关键.形式时态意义 语态 例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_意义过及物动动作已完 主动 I often heard the song sung.去词的过成分去分词无时态意 被动 spoken and written English词义少数不动作已完 被动 fallen leaves及物动成therisensun 对 比 falling词的过leaves 正在下去分词落的叶子, therisingsun 正在升起的太阳分词的时态意义和语态意义不同于谓语动词的时态和语态,非谓语的时态意义和语态意义都是相对而言的.详细的说,非谓语动词的时态意义是

22、和主句谓语动词相对而言,例如：假如分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,就可能用现在分词一般式,假如是在主句谓语动词之前发生,就可能用现在分词完成式.而语态意义就和分词的规律主语有关,假如分词的动作与其规律主语是主动关系,就用现在分词,假如与其规律主语是被动关系,就可能用现在分词的被动式,或过去分词.所谓的规律主语即句子中与分词形成规律关系的名词或代词.例如：分词作状语和表语时,其规律主语就是句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_子的主语.分词作定语,其规律主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词.分词作宾语补足语,其规律主语就是句子的宾语.2. 分词的句法功能1作定语Mikehelda bur

23、ningstickand Tom carrieda gun. The stick was burning.HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoodsand fields that had been wasted .Asiais thelargestcontinent,coveringone thirdoftheearths land area which covers .分词短语作定语有时和它所修饰的名词或代词发生分隔开来的现象.Thereisanoticeontheblackboardreading“ An examination will be given

24、next week. which reads ” 2作表语We were excited at the news. His shoes were old and worn.3作补语包括宾语补足语和主语补足语.常用于see, leave,watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后以及 with 复合结构中.I saw Tom coming out of the house.Notrickywordswouldmovehim.Hekepthismouth可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_tightly closed.We mustnt leave

25、 the work unfinished.He stood for some time with his hand still raised. 4作状语分词作状语常表示时间、缘由、条件、方式、相伴或结果、附加说明等.Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life. 时间状语 Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday. 缘由状语 Not having done it as he told us to, we were scolded. 缘由状语Working hard, you

26、will succeed. 条件状语 He came running all the way. 方式状语 Thechildrenheadedtowardsschool,followedbytheir dogs. 相伴状语He dropped the plate, breaking it into hundreds of pieces. 结果状语Iftheadvertisingfails,havingno effecton sales,the whole programme will be reviewed. 附加说明 留意：分词作结果状语往往表示意料中的结果,而不定式作结果状语就表示意料之外的

27、结果.试比较：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A terriblestormhitthearea,causing greatdamage to the crops.Hearrivedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhad already left.分词作状语时有时前面可加有连词.如：Once,whileworkingona newinvention,Edisonmade 8,000 tests without success.I wont go to his party unless invited. The beggar waited as if

28、expecting more.5作插入语的分词独立结构分词作插入语的结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语.如：generally speaking 一般说来talking of speaking of 说到strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从判定all things considered从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看,他肯定是病了.Generally speaking, dogs can run faste

29、r than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快. speaking 不是 dogs 的动作可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 【误】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall.【正】 We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall.【正】 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.【解读】 考查固定结构. allow doingsth.;allow sb. todo sth.2. 【误】 She was the first person t

30、hinking of the idea.【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea.【解读】 当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时,此定语通常由不定式来充当.3. 【 误 】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.【 正 】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.【解读】 being discussed 表示动作正在进行

31、,而依据 at tomorrows meeting 可 判 断 动 作 发生 在 将 来 , 故 用 to be discussed 表示.4. 【误】 This boy was seen come late this morning.【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning.【解读】 see ,watch 等动词转换为被动结构时,其后不定式一般需要带 to .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. Ive been looking forward to hear from you.【答案】 hear 改为 hearing .

32、【解读】 短语 look forwardto 中, to 为介词,所以应用动名词作宾语.6. He admitted to have stolen the car.【答案】 to have改为 having .【解读】 admit后面跟动词的 -ing 形式作宾语.7 This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.【答案】 This 改为 It .【解读】 作形式主语,代替动词的 -ing 形式,只能用 it .8. The flowers need being watered.【 答 案 】 beingwatered改

33、 为 watering或 者 tobe watered .【解读】 need,want,require等动词的主语为物时,后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构,表示“需要被 .”9. 现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语.1【 误】 Icouldseethehousehavingbeenbeautifully decorated.【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated.2【误】 The book having been written long ago is hard for us to understand today.可编辑资料 -

34、 - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【 正】 Thebookwrittenlongago ishardforus to understand today.10. 作状语的分词,其规律主语必需同句中主语为同一人或同一事,现在分词与其规律主语有主动关系,而过去分词就与其规律主语有被动关系.1【误】 Having found the cause, the experiment continued.【 正 】 Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedthe experiment. Having foundAfter/When they had found2【误】Seeingfr

35、omthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmore beautiful.【正】 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. SeenWhen the city is seen 11非谓语的否定式中, not 必需放在非谓语的最前面.1【误】 Having not finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed.【正】 Not having finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed.2【误】

36、 Mother warns us to not play in the street.【正】 Mother warns us not to play in the street.1. Thebookmainlydealswiththetroublestudentsmight haveright from wrong.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. distinguishing B distinguishedC to distinguish D to be distinguished【解读】 A考查固定搭配 have trouble in doing sth.,只不过此题中

37、的 trouble提到前面作先行词了.2. ofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleagues about it.A. ConvincedBConvincingC To convinceD Having convinced【解读】 A动词 convince 表示 “使确信”.be convincedof sth.确信“,信任 ”.此处用过去分词作状语.3. Be careful. Dont forget you are on a ladder.But you are holding it for me, nothing. A worry aboutBto wo

38、rry aboutC is worried aboutD worrying about【解读】 B考查非谓语动词. “当心点.别忘了你在梯子上.”但“是你扶着了,没什么可担忧的. ”不定式 to worry about作后置定语.4. He lookedat me, withan expression thathefelt even more puzzled.A. indicateBindicatesC indicatingD indicated【解读】 Cwithan expressionindicating为 with 复合结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_构,其中 an

39、expression为规律主语, indicate与这个规律主语之间有主动关系,故用现在分词.5. Your cousin is saida new computer programmerecently, but do you know when he will finish it.A. to designBto be designingC to have been designingD to have designed【解读】 C此题考查不定式的用法.句意为：你的堂兄最近 始终在设计一组电脑程序,你知道他什么时候完成吗？sb be said todo 为固定用法,由 recently可知,设

40、计程序是从过去始终连续到现在的动作,应用 to have been doing结构.6. When John came to himself, he found himself inthehospital,buthedidntknowhowthathadcome .A. staying; aroundBlying; aboutC lied; acrossD lying; into being【解读】 Bfindhimselflying发现他自己正躺在.come about意为“发生,产生 ”.7. He claimed in thesupermarketwhen he wasdoing sho

41、pping yesterday.A. being badly treatedB. treating badlyC. to be treated badly可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_D. to have been badly treated【答案】 D8. Why are the students working so hard these days.ready for the coming entrance examination. A To get B Get C Getting D Got【解读】 A此题考查非谓语动词.联系语境可知,这些日子同学们努力学习是为即将到来

42、的考试做预备,动词不定式作目的状 语.故 A 项正确.9. Ifwaterbecomesincreasinglyscarceindecades,watershortagewillbecomea hotissue alloverthe world.A. coming B having comeC to come D to be coming【解读】C此题考查非谓语动词.用不定式表示将要到来的.句意为：假如在将来的几十年水资源变得稀有,那么水资源的缺乏将会成为全球比较热门的一个话题.10. Thepartywasa success , butwe thoughtita pitynotyou.A. to inviteBto be invitingC to have invitedD to be invited【答案】 C11 Hearingthe2022WorldWinterUniversityGames可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_open, all thepeoplein theHarbinSportsCenter Gym burst into cheers.A declareBdeclare