2022年高考英语复习-不定代词 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_高考英语复习不定代词附专项练习及详解高考英语复习不定代词1 、常用不定代词Some一些,某Any一些,任何many很多much很多 little几乎没有few几乎没几个a little一点儿 a few少数几个every每一个each各、每both二者都either二者中任何一者neither二者都不all全部一切 none全部不other别的、其他的another另一个 no没有one一个可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_some ,any ,every和 no 都可以与 body ,thing和 one 构成不定代词在用法上保持some ,any ,every

2、和 no 的特点,但这些合成的不定代词只能作名词性代词,不能作形容词性代词.2 、不定代词在句中的作用1 不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词,大多数在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语. 1 作主语： Everything goes well；万事如意；2 作宾语： We admire all of you.我们敬佩你们大家. 3 作表语： Thats all for today.今日就到这儿.4 作同位语： He is taller than you all.他比你们都高.5 作定语： All the people are present.全部的人都到了.2 every和 no 在句

3、子中只作定语,Every child can get a gift for Christmas.每个孩子都能得到一件圣诞礼物.I have no idea about it.对此我一无所知.3 、常见不定代词的用法1 one 的用法one泛指任何人,可以在形容词和that , this 等词后代替刚提过的可数名词,其全部格形式为ones ,反身代词为oneself,复数形式为 ones .1 泛指 人 ,如：One should be strict with oneself.人应当严格要求自己.2 表示 一个人或物 ,如：Chinese is one of the most useful la

4、nguages in the world.汉语是世界上最有用的语言之一.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3 代替上文己显现过的可数名词,如Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one.我的钢笔丢了,我想买一枝新的.4 the one和 the ones表示特定的人或物,如：No film is as good as the one I saw last week.我上周看的电影最好.Students who do well in examinations are the ones who ask questions in class.考试成果

5、好的都是上课爱提问的同学.5 One 前可以有形容词修饰,这时它需带冠词或受形容词性的物主代词修饰,如：I have two balls. The old one is on the floor. The new one is in my hand.我有两个球,旧的在的板上,新的在我手里.He bought a new pen yesterday. His old one is broken.昨天他买了一支新钢笔,他那支旧的坏了.6 one可用 this , that , any , some ,each ,the , next , every ,which等修饰,如：Here are two

6、 umbrellas , which one is yours ？ This one or that one ？这儿有两把伞,哪一个是你的？这个仍是那个？7 one 或 ones带后置定语时,前面要加定冠词,如：Is this the one you want？这是你想要的那个吗？8 one 和 it 的区分,如： one 和 ones 是泛指,表示同类中的任何一个或几个, it 是特指,指代上文显现过的某一物.如： This book is a good one. May I borrow it？这是一本好书,我可以借它吗？2 some和 any 的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_

7、精品资料_1 some和 any 均表示 一些 ,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不行数名词.some一般用于确定句中, any 多用于疑问句、否认句和条件句中,some和 any 可用作名词作主语和宾语,也可用作形容词作定语,Some of the students will go to Qingdao tomorrow.明天有些同学将去青岛.作主语Is there any left？仍有剩下的吗？作定语There isnt any time left.没时间了.作定语2 some用于单数可数名词前,表示某一个 ,如：Ive read the story in some book.我在某本书中读过

8、这个故事.Some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.有个女孩在校门口等你.3 some与数字连用,意为 大致 , 大约 ,如：The country has exported some two million bikes this year.这个国家今年己出口了大约 200 万辆自行车.4 some用于疑问句,表示说话人期望得到确定的答复或表示恳求、建议,如： May I have some water？我可以喝些水吗？恳求,期望赐予确定答复Would you like some apples？想吃些苹果吗？邀请5 any 可用于确定句,表

9、示 任何的 ,修饰单数可数名词, 如： You may choose any student.你可以挑选任何同学.6 any 可用作状语,表程度,如：I cant stay here any longer.我不能再呆在这儿了.3 each 和 every的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 each 每个, 各,各自的 ,强调个体, 在句中充当定语、 主语、宾语和同位语, every强调整体,表示 每个都 ,在句中只能作定语,如：Each room can seat at least fifty people.每个房间至少能坐50 人.作定语Every one has st

10、rong and weak points.每个人都有优缺点.作定语Each of the students will get a new book.每个同学将得到一本新书.作主语Each child will find his own personal road to success.每个孩子将会找到他个人的胜利之路.作定语The headmaster shook hands with each of us in turn after the game.竞赛后,校长同我们每个人一一握手.作宾语We each have our own attitude to teaching students.

11、在教学问题上,我们每个人有各自的看法.作同位语2 each 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个,every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个,如：There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.街道的每一边都遍布树和花.Every student has read a poem.每个同学都读了一首诗.3 every可以表示 每隔 , 构成 every+数词 + 复数名词 every+ few+复数名词every+ other+单数名词 或every+序数词 + 单数名词 .Each 没有这种用法,如：every three da

12、ys每隔 2 天,每 3 天 every other hour/every second hour每隔 1小时 every few days每隔几天4 both和 all 的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 both表示 两者都是 ,all 指 三者或三者以上的、全体 ,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语Both of the students are fifteen.这两名同学都是 15 岁.作主语All but one are present.除了一人外,其他的人都到了.作主语She asked both of them to leave the city.她让他们两

13、人都离开这座城市作宾语Both plans are good.两个方案都是好的.作定语All men are equal.全部的人都是公平的.作定语You are both too young.你们两个都太年轻.作同位语They all agree to stay here.他们都同意呆在这儿.作同位语2 all 除指人外,仍可指物,表示 全部,一切 ,作主语时,谓语动词用单数, All is over with him.他一切都完了.指情形3 all 仍可修饰不行数名词,如：All hope has gone.全部的期望都破灭了.4 both和 all 同否认词连用,表示部分否认,如要表示全

14、部否认,分别用neither和none ,如：Both of them are not singers.他们俩不都是歌手.部分否认Neither of them is a singer.他们俩都不是歌手.完全否认Not all books are good.不是全部的书都是好书.部分否认None of the books are good.这些书都不是好书.完全否认5 much和 many的用法much和 many都有 很多 的意思, much表示或修饰不行数名词,many表示或修饰可数名词.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 much 或 many 多用于疑问句或否认句, 在

15、确定句中常用 a lot of ,lots of ,plenty of ,a large quantity of ,quantities of 代替, much 仍可用 a great deal of 代替, many 仍可用 alarge number of 代替.2 much和 many在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,many作主语时,谓语动词用复数, much作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如：Many of the students did well this time.这次很多同学做得好.作主语Much of the time is free.很多时间是闲暇的.作主语I have much t

16、o say.我有很多话要说.作宾语I dont have much to do today.今日我没太多的事要做.做宾语Many people wanted to stay here.很多人想呆在这儿.作定语Theres much water in the bottle.瓶里有很多水.作定语3 much可用作副词、作状语,表程度,如：The city is much larger than that one.这个城市比那个城市大多了.4 be not much意为 不怎么样 ,如：Ive visited the country and it is not much.我拜望过那个国家,并不怎么样

17、.5 much仍可与 too 连用,构成 too much+不行数名词 短语,意为 太多的如：There is too much noise in the classroom.在教室里有太多嘈杂声.6 much仍可与 too 连用,构成much too特别 副词词组,修饰形容词、副词, 不修饰动词,如：Im much too busy to see visitors.我太忙,不能会见来访者.7 many a+可数名词单数 表示 很多 ,如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Many a way has been tried.己试过不止一个方法了.8 在名词前假如有冠词或指示代词等

18、词时,要用many of或 much of结构,如：Many of my books are English.我的书大多是英语书.6 either和 neither的用法Either指 两个人或物中的任何一个 ,表示确定意义,neither指 两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不 表示否认意义.1 这两个词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语,作主语时谓语动词用单数,如： Either of them has a pen.他们两人都有一枝钢笔.作主语 Neither is wrong.哪个都没错.作主语Do you speak German or French？ I dont speak either.你讲德

19、语仍是法语？ 这两种语言都不说. 作宾语Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对.作定语I know neither of the two men.这两个人我一个也不熟悉.作宾语There are trees on either side of the road.路两旁有树.作定语2 either 可放在否认句的句尾,表示 也,如：I dont know either. 我也不知道.3 either修饰名词时,前面不用物主代词,表示代词或定冠词,可以说：either pen但不能说 the either pen或 either my pen.4 either用作代词时,可

20、以单独使用,也可和of 连用, of 后接复数名词,名词前要用一个物主代语、指示代词或定冠词,如：He doesnt like either of the two places.他不喜爱这两个的方中的任何一个.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5 当 either of作主语时,动词一般用单数形式,但在否认句和疑问句中,动词也常用复数,特殊在口语中,如：Either of them is good enough.他们两个都足够好.I dont think either of them are at home.我认为他们俩都不在家.6 either.or.,意为 不是.就是 .,或

21、者 .或者,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一样,如：Either he or I am to blame.或者他或者我将受到批评.Is either he or you going to the cinema？他去看电影,仍是你去了？Are either you or he going to the cinema？你去看电影,仍是他去了？7 no 和 none的用法1 no 表示 不 无 ,只能作定语,修饰不行数名词或可数名词单、复数,相当于not any 或 not a .none表示 没有人,任何人也不 ,用作名词,相当于no one或 not any.

22、2 none常用 of 连用,构成 none of.结构, none作可数名词用时,指 三者或三者以上都不 ,作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可,none作不行数名词时,谓语动词用单 数, none在句中作主语或宾语,不作定语,不与名词连用,如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶里没有水了.作定语He has no choice but to lie down.他除了躺下,别无挑选.作定语None of the books areis interesting.没有一本书是好玩的.作主语He knows none of us.我们之中他谁都不熟悉.作宾语3 none

23、 but+复数名词 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,如： None but wolves walks like that.除非狼才会那么走.4 none和 no one的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_none答复以 how many/much引导的特殊疑问句或 any of+限定语 + 名词 或表肯定范畴的一般疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范畴的一般问句,简言之,none表示数量, no one表示人,如：-How many students are there in the classroom now？现在教室里有多少同学？-None.一个也没有.-Have any o

24、f you ever been to the Great Wall？你们中有人去过长城吗？-None.一个也没有.-Who can answer the question？谁能答复这个问题？-No one.没有人.8 few 和 little的用法1 few 和 little均表示数量,但用法及表达意义有所不同,如下所示： 修饰可数名词修饰不行数名词确定意义 a few a little否认意义 few little2 在句中可作主语或定语,如：Few of the books are for children.这些书中几乎没有合适孩子们的.作主语Theres a little water i

25、n the bottle.瓶里有点水.作定语I know a few of them.他们当中我熟悉几个.作宾语3 a little常可同 a bit换用,但 not a little相当于 very 或 much ,意为 很 丰常 , not a bit意为 一点也不 ,相当于 not at allHe did not feel a bit sorry.他一点也不觉得伤心.He is not a little tired.他很累.4 有关的固定搭配,如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_not a few相当多的only a few仅少数,只有几个make little of对

26、 不大懂得little or no几乎没有little by little逐步的 quite a few相当多的not a little很,非常9 复合不定代词的用法1 some ,any ,no 和 every 都可以和 one ,body ,thing连用, 构成复合不定代词, 如： someone, somebody, something, anyone,anybody,anything,everyone, everybody,everything, no one, nobody和 nothing.以 some 为首的复合不定代词用法同 some ,以 any 为首的复合不定代词用法同a

27、ny ,如：There is something interesting in todays newspaper.今日的报纸上有好玩的事.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper？今日的报纸上有好玩的事吗？2 复合不定代词在句中只起名词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语和表语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,Does anybody live on the island？有人住在这个岛上吗？作主语He knows nothing about it.对于那件事,他一无所知.作宾语She is a singer or something.她是一名歌手或

28、什么的.作表语3 形容词在修饰复合不定代词时,要放在所修饰词的后面,作后置定语,如： Theres nothing serious.没什么要紧的.4 everyone或 everybody用于泛指,其后不行跟表范畴的of 短语,如要跟表范畴的 of 短语,就就分开写 every one, every body,如：Is everyone here today？大家都到齐了吗？泛指Every one of the students has a new book.这些同学中每人有一本新书.特指可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5 人称代词 +each结构中, 后面的谓语动词应用复数,

29、each of+人称代词 结构中, 谓语动词用单数They each are sure that they will get there on time.他们每个人都坚信他将准时到那儿.Each of them is sure that they will get there on time.他们每一个从都坚信将准时到那儿.10 other 、 another、the other和 others1) other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是 别的,其他 ,泛指 其他的人或物 .如：Do you have any other questions.你仍有其他问题吗？Ask some othe

30、r people.问问别人吧；2) the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用 another,此时的other作代词.如：He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人.the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词.如：On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree.在街道的另一边, 有一棵大树.Mary is much taller than the other

31、 girls.玛丽比其他的女孩高得多.3) others是 other的复数形式,泛指 另外几个 , 其余的 .在句中可作主语、宾语.如：Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.我们一些人喜爱唱和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Give me some others, please.请给我别的东西吧；There are no others.没有别的了.4.the others意思是 其他东西,其余的人 .特指某一范畴内的 其他的人或物 .是 the other的复数形式.

32、如：Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里.the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2 条中已经有所介绍.5another=an+ other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物, 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的 另一个 ,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词.如：I dont like this one. Please show me another.我不喜爱这一个,请给我看看另一个.I have three daughters. One is

33、 a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.我有三个女儿.一个是护士,另一个是老师,仍有一个是工人练习与详解1 He cant hear you, because there isnoise hereA very muchB too muchC much tooD so many 2 name is Han Meimai.A HerselfB HersC SheD Her 3 All of us were invited, butof us cameA neitherB noneCboth4. The weather in Sh

34、anghai is different from A BaotouB Baotou weatherC that in BaotouD those of Baotou可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. There isntwater in the cup.A anyB manyC someD the 6 -Is thispen.-No,is on my desk.A your; myB yours; myC your; mineD yours; mine 7 The bottle is empty. There isin it.A anythingB somethingCnot

35、hing 8 -Look. We havesugar.-Really. Lets go and buy some.A fewBa fewC littleD a little9 There isntmilk in the fridge. Youd better buy some.A noB anyC some10 -There isntwater here. Could you getfor me.-All ringht.A some; someB any; anyC some; anyD any; some 11 Today,trees are still being cut down som

36、ewhere in the world.A much tooB too muchC many tooD too many 12 There are lots of English books here, andof them is easy tounderstand.A bothB allC everyD each 13 Is the shirt on the bed.A yoursB yourC you可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_14 Mr Green taughtEnglish last year.A ourB weC us15 These sweaters are t

37、oo small for me. Please show meone.A otherB othersC the othersD another16 Mary cant go with us.has to look aftermother at home.A She; hisB She; herC He; herD He; His17 There isntpaper in the box. Will you go and getfor me.A any; someB any; anyC some; someD some; any 18 I often help.A he or sheBhis a

38、nd herC him and herD his and hers19 There are some trees onside of the street.A bothB allC eitherD every20 Which of the two dictionaries do you like better.I like, because theyre not useful.A bothB eitherC allD neither21 They were all very tired, butof them would stop to take a rest.A anyB someC non

39、eD neither22 There werepeople and noise in the park last Sunday.A many; muchB much; muchC much; manyD many; many 23 of them has a dictionary andone of them can look up words in thedictionary.A Each; everyB Every; eachC Each; eachD Every; every可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_24 Please keep together. We wanto

40、f you to get lost.A noneB someC manyD any25 There iswater here; but there are quiteempty glasses.A little; a fewBfew; littleC few; a fewD little; a little 26 The skirt is. She made it.A hers; herselfBher; herselfC herself; hersD herself; her27 Havent you forgotten.,oh, I forgot my bag. A anything; E

41、xcuse meB something; Excuse meCsomething; PardonD everything; Pardon 28 Be quiet. I haveto tell you.A important anythingBanything importantC important somethingD something important29 My father is very busy with his work. He hastime to do the housework.A littleB fewC a littleD a few30 -of the boys i

42、n Class Four are playing games.-.A AllB EachC The bothD None31 The boy promisedmother never to lie toagain. A his; himB her; herC her; himD his; her32 Would you like some milk in your tea.Yes, just.A muchB a littleC a fewD little 33 school is much larger than.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A Their; ourB Their; oursC Theirs; oursD Theirs; our 34 Pu