2022年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词 .pdf
《2022年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词 .pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词 .pdf(48页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、专题七非谓语动词一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类:分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征,因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1分词(1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行,不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。I saw him walking across the road.( 正在穿过马路) I saw him walk across the road. ( 看到过了马路的全过程) (2)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义, 前者表示动作完成,后者表示动作正在进行。The pic
2、ture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.( 已经被钉在墙上了) The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上) 注意:不定式有表将来之意。The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.( 将要被钉在墙上) (3)分词的独立主格结构:如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with / without 引导的介词短语表
3、达。Time permitting, well do another two exercises. His work finished, he prepared to go home. With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 2动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途,而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语,动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。Do you mind my / me / Tom smoking here? My / Toms smoking here annoyed her. (3)
4、动名词作主语还可用于“There be no 动名词 ” 结构和布告形式的省略中。There is no knowing what he will do next. No smoking. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 48 页3动词不定式(1)不定式作介词宾语时,如前面有实义动词do(各种形式 ),则不定式不带to;否则不能省to。He did nothing all the morning but watch TV. He said nothing but to sleep. (2)不定式作定语时,如果不定式与所修
5、饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,且不定式的动词是不及物动词,不能漏掉介词。I want a small room to live in. I need a nice pen to write with. (3)不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let, make) 的宾补,动词不定式不带to,但句子变成被动语态时,要带to。I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room.二、过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式,它在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。1过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,作用相当于一个定语从句。Whats th
6、e language (that is) spoken in that area? 那个地区讲的是什么语言?The book,(which was) written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 这本书写于1957 年,讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。2过去分词作状语过去分词作状语,可以表示原因、时间、条件、方式和伴随情况。Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 有了著名的侦探的指点,年轻的女士不再害怕了。When heated, wa
7、ter can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成蒸气。Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 如果多注意一些,这些大白菜还可以长得更好。The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 猎人离开了屋子,后面跟着他的狗。He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。三、动词不定式1省略 “ to ”的动词不定式精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
8、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 48 页to 是动词不定式常常带有的小品词,是动词不定式的标志。 但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉:(1) 作感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice 等的宾语补足语时。We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。(2) 作使役动词make,let,have 等的宾语补足语时。She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。(3) help 后的宾语补足语前可带to 也可不带to。She helped her mother (to) prepare fo
9、r Christmas. 她帮助母亲为圣诞节做准备。2疑问词动词不定式疑问词 what,which,how,where,when 等可以和动词不定式连用,构成不定式短语。“ 疑问词动词不定式” 可以作主语、宾语、表语等。When to start off hasnt been decided yet. ( 作主语 )什么时候出发还没决定。The question is which bus to take. ( 作表语 )问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。四、动词 ing 形式动词 ing 形式 (包括现在分词和动名词)有一般时和完成时两种形式,并且也都有被动语态,在句中可以作主语、宾语、状语和补语等成分。
10、高考英语试题中对动词ing 形式考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1动词 ing 形式作宾语在某些 finish, enjoy, appreciate, avoid, suggest, consider, imagine, stand, excuse, delay, escape, risk, miss, admit, permit, allow动词的后面只能接动词ing 形式作宾语。My brother is now considering changing his present job. The bird was very lucky because it missed being shot
11、by the hunter. 2动词 ing 形式作宾语时和不定式的区别在 forget, remember, regret 等动词后接动词ing 形式和不定式作宾语在含义上有区别。Remember to put the book on the desk when you leave the room.( 记得去做某事 ) I remember putting the book on the desk, but its gone now.( 记得做过某事) 3动词 ing 形式作状语动词 ing 形式可以作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语等。“ We cant go out in this wea
12、ther ,” said Bob, looking out of the window. The secretary stayed up late last night, preparing a report for the manager. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 48 页4动词 ing 形式作宾补动词 ing 形式作补语时和前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。It is generally considered bad manners to sit with your feet pointing to others
13、. You will be fired if you are found smoking in the kitchen. 5动词 ing 形式的完成时和语态动词 ing 形式的被动式由“bei ng done” 构成,它作定语时表示正在进行或和谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作;动词ing 形式的完成时由“having done” 构成,表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。The stadium being built can hold 50,000 people when completed. Having being shown around the lab, the visitors were ta
14、ken to the playground. 纵观近年的高考题,考查点是非谓语动词作定语、宾语补足语和状语的区别。一、非谓语动词作定语时的区别现在分词(doing) 作定语,表示一个主动的或正在进行的动作;现在分词的被动语态 (being done) 表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作;不定式(to do) 作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。The meeting (which is) being held now is very important. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。The meeting (which was) held yesterday is very important. 昨天召开
15、的会议很重要。The meeting which will be held tomorrow is very important. 明天将要召开的会议很重要。二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别不定式与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系,强调动作将发生或已经完成;现在分词与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系,强调动作正在进行, 尚未完成; 过去分词与宾语的逻辑关系是动宾关系,表示动作已经完成,多强调状态。I expect them to win the game. 我期盼他们赢得这场比赛。I heard him call me several times. 我听见他给我打了几次电话了。I found her list
16、ening to the radio. 我发现她正在听收音机。三、非谓语动词作状语的区别过去分词表示被动和动作完成;现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行;不定式表示目的。Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后,问题终于解决了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 48 页Having finished his work, he went out to play. 完成了工作后,他出去玩了。To
17、catch the first bus, he got up early. 为了赶上早班车,他起得很早。高考真题探究( 20062011年)【2011 全国卷 ,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。【解析】 句意为 “接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise 升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的,因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选 B。【2011 全
18、国卷 II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接,那个岛屿很容易去。”join 是及物动词,但空格后没有宾语, 故使用 join 的过去分词形式,充当表示状态或性质的形容词用,选项 A、B、D 都是主动式,需要后接宾语,因此排除。选C。【2011 全国卷 II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ no
19、thing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 【答案】 D 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心,对那次争论什么也没说。”A 和 B 项是谓语动词形式,句中没有连词,故排除;C 项是作目的状语,而句中是伴随状态,故选D。【2011 北京卷 ,25】It s important for the figures regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated 【答案】 A 【考点】考
20、查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B 和 D 项表示发生过的某件具体的事,但句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 48 页尾的 regularly 表示经常发生的事,故用一般现在时。 for 引出的逻辑主语the figures 与 update存在着被动关系,故选A。【2011 北京卷 ,33】 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet. A. to keep B. keeping C. having kep
21、t D. to have kept 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Emma,你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A 项 to keep 是表示将来。 C项 having kept 和 D 项 to have kept 表示动作先发生。 make yourself more tired 与 keeping on you feet 同时进行,故选B。【2011 天津卷 ,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carry B. carrying C. to be
22、 carried D. being carried 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】 句意为 “旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,句中是被动语态,Passeagers是 carry 的逻辑主语,用主动式,故选A。【2011 天津卷 ,12】into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
23、 【答案】 B 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“翻译成英语后,发现这个句子的词序全变了。”the sentence与 translate 之间存在着被动关系,故用过去分词,答案B。【2011 上海春招 ,34】Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished. A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking 【答案】 C 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“ Mike 在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车,看上
24、去刚擦得干干净净,还打过腊。”A 项 looked 是谓语形式, 但句中没有连词; B 项不定式 to look 和 D 项 to be looking精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 48 页如果都表结果,那只能由Mike 执行这个动作,与题意不符;C 项 looking 表明车子的特性,作伴随状语,故选C。【2011 上海春招 ,36】in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park. A. Opened B. H
25、aving opened C. Opening D. Being opened 【答案】 A 【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“很多人认为1955 年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open 开业,与 Disneyland 之间存在着被动关系;D 项 Being opened表正在进行,但开业的事实已经发生,故选 A。【2011 上海春招 ,40】Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2022年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-非谓语动词 2022 年高 英语语法 精练 谓语 动词
限制150内