初中英语动词分类汇总.docx
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1、Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.英语动词的种类提示:以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更 好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配,以及更好地学好与 动词有关的语法。.切记:有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分屈于不同种类的动词。 因此,我们要特别注意一词多义现象。动词的种类分类总表:(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.)1只作情态劭祠使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ought to2可作情态劭祠,也可作实文劭祠need/ dare3可作情态勒祠,也
2、可作防劭旬shall/ should/ will/ wouldagree + to/ with / on work +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at(要氯死它们的搭fco )vt易vi it*镯对listen to sbsound likesthhear sbarrive in/atget toreachbelong to sbown sthpossess sthlie in +be situated in +be located in +contact withsbtouch sbtalktellwork for sbserve sbreply toanswer
3、appearshow sth tosbrise / go up /increaseraisesitseat sblook atsee/ watchsucceed indoingmanage sth/to dobreak inbreak intogo outturn offlook forfindgive inagree with sbgive uppromise sbA既可以用作及物又如:begin 开始Everybody, our game begins.可以用作Let us begin our game.不及物的类彳以的还有:start, answer, sing, close, cons
4、ider,动词,其意insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.义不变。B既可 以用作及 物又可以 用作 不及 物的 动词,其意 义完 全不 同。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是“升高;举起。He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有:beat vi.(心脏)跳动/vt.敲、打;growvi,生长/vt.种植play vi.玩耍/vt.打(牌、球)演奏smellvi.发出(气味)/vt.嗅ring vi.(
5、 、铃)响/vt.打 speakvi.讲话/vt.说(语言)hang vi,悬挂/ vt. 绞死operate vi.动手术/ vt.操作run vi.跑步;褪色vt.经营C有的及物动词加上介词后,表示的意思不同。如:allow允许allow for考虑到感官动词hear, see, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, catch, look at; hear; listen to的用法归纳总结:(感官动词+ sb. do/ doing / sth done)。1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的 动作When you go to wat
6、ch the football match, you will enjoy 盛 seeing the Chinese football team win.道2.后接Vin。形式表示正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out 钠a shout of joy.镯Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3.后接Ved形式表示被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town gre
7、atly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.试比拟(注意理解):1)1 heard him sing a song.我听他唱了一首歌(指自始至终整个过程)。2)1 heard him singing a song.我听见他正在唱歌唱(指当时动作的某个片断)。我听见(有人)唱歌(逻辑主3)1 heard a song sung.语,歌,与“唱,是被动关系。)整:“一”左边的是终止植新镯(酸同劫镯人“一”宕边的走延箧辘初镯更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词):borrow, f
8、lnish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, reach, recognize.劭 祠 易 豫 止 樵 劭 镯 的 对 比borrow-keepbuyf havebecome-* beput onf wear move to-* live inrecognizeknowcatch a cold-have a coldget to know f knowopen sth f keep sth openleave-be away from begin/start-be on die be dead finish_*be over retu
9、rn-*be backjoin-be in + 组织机 构/be a member of + 组 织机构come here f be herego theref be there come back -* be backfall asleep -* be asleepget to/arrive/reach f be (in)go (get) out f be outfall ill-be illget upf be up京表示时间的场合,宴整北根掂句&式上下攵提供的时间关系判断句&中的劭词接使用延犊德劭病迎是终止伯勒祠。1.延续性动词不能与 表示短暂时间的“点 时间”状语连用。但:come/
10、begin/ get + t。It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误)因为rain为延续性动词,而at eight表 示“点时间”,前后矛盾。It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thatts right.+延续性动词可表 示一瞬间的动作。(“点时间”指具体某 一时间点;“段时间” 指某一时间内.)2.
11、终止性动词可以用于when 引导的时间状语从句中,但 不可以用于while引导的时 间状语从句中。when表示的 时间是“点时间”(从句谓语 动词用终止性动词),也可以 是“段时间”(从句谓语动词 用延续性动词)。而while表 示的是一个较长的时间或过 程,从句谓语动词一般只能When we reached London, it was twelve oclock, (reach 为终止性 动词;when不可用while替换.) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)I haven*t l
12、eft here for 3 years.I haven*t heard from him for 3 weeks.用延续性动词。3.终止性动词的完成时态,表 示动作的完成并产生了影响 与结果。但一般不能与表示 延续的时间段短语“for” 或“since”以及“How long”连用,终止性动词否 定式除外。He has joined the League.他已经入团。f He has been a League member for three years.He has been in the League for three years.The old man died 4 years a
13、go.f The old man has been dead for4 years.It is 4 years since the old man died.f Four years has passed since the old man died.I bought the book 5 days ago.I have had the book for 5 days.注意比拟理解:4 .注意句型:“It is +一段时间+since 从 句(+终止性动词的过去 时)”“一段时间 + has passed + since从句(+终止性动词的 过去时)”:句子的含义是:“自从起, 有(多长的时间
14、)如果在since从句中的谓语 动词是延续性动词的现在完 成时,那么与其一般过去时 的含义就完全相反了。I have been at school since I have been ill.我生病以来一直在学校里。I have been at school since I was ill.我病愈以来一直在学校里。It s 4 years since Mr Li smoked. 李先生戒烟已有四年了It is four months since my elder sister went to Britain.我姐姐去英 国已有四个月了。More than three years has pas
15、sed since Mary came to China. 玛丽来中国已有三年多了4勉强可作精态劭句have to/ had better/ used toiff劭镯1be形式变化;am/ is/ are/ was/ were/been/ being同时是实文和东劭词2do护式变化;does/did同泊是实义劭锄3have形式变化;has/had/having同时是实义劭祠4shall形K变化;should同时是情态劭镯5will出式安也;would同时是精态劭锄劭铜1波态乐劭镯be骑别优明;这里列率的所彳*劭葡京身都是实文劭2劭福look / appear/ seem5.注意句型:“ not
16、 +终止性动词+ until/t川”意为“直到 才二“延续性动词+ until/till ”表示:“一直延续到I will not go to bed until I flnish drawing the picture tonight.今 天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床 睡觉。I wont leave till my parents come back.我将呆在家里直到我父母 回来。言外之意是,我父母不回 来,我就一直呆在家里,我父母 回来后我就离开家。I didnt receive the notice until last evening.直到昨天晚上我 才收到通知。言外之意是,昨天 晚上
17、前我一直没有接到通知。We worked until 11:00 yesterday evening.我们昨天晚上一直工作 到11点。make sb. do sth使/让/逼某人做某事;(被动形式)f1sb. be made to do考make sth done 使/让某事得以 make sb. adj中1.使某人处于的状态有makemake sb sth 使/让某人成为She will make a goodJLwife.她会成为一个好妻子。使make oneself done使某人的为他人所 (make彼oneself heard/ understood)劭have sb do sth
18、使/让/请某人做某事.have sb镯doing.使/让某人一直做某事的2. havehave sth done请/让某人做某事;招致或遭遇到(不好用的事情)依have sb adj.使/让/某人处于的状态It had the&salesmen busy around.let sb do sth让/允许某人做某事let sb+介词短搭3. let语让某人处于的状态配4. keepkeep sb doing sth使/让某人一直做某事keep sb/sth +介词短语.让某人或某物处于的状态5. getget sb to do sth 请/让某人做某事Would you pleaseget th
19、em to bring down the price?get sth done.请/让某人做某事ril get my haircut.get sb doing.请/让某人一直做某事The joke gotus laughing.6.leaveleave sb (to) do sth 让某人做/干某事WeMl leavethem(to) run the shop.leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态Donleave her waiting outside in the rain.leave sth done让某事保持的状态The workers left the rest
20、 of the work untouched.工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。7.causecause sb to do sth使得/促使/引起某人做某事What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的?8. leadlead sb to do sth.使得/引导某人做某事What led you to think so?lead sb in doing sth领导某人/带着某人干某事.The Party leads us in carrying out reform and opening up.9.forceforce sb to do sth迫使/
21、强迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up theirarms.警察迫使罪犯放下武器10.drivedrive sb+adj使/逼迫某人变成的状态Theloud noise have driven us mad.drive sb to do sth 迫使/逼迫某人做某事 He drove her to admit it.他逼迫她成认。drive sb+介词短语迫使/逼迫某人进入的境地The men drove the young man to the wall. 这几个人 把这青年人逼得走投无路.11.obligeoblige sb
22、 to do sth使某人(按法律、条约、合约等要求)而必须做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign.这一丑闻迫使部长辞职。12.sendsend sb doing sth使某人进入(特定状态);(迫)使某人处于的状态The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space.send sb+介词短语(迫)使某人进入的状态Thefailure sent him into discouragement.send sb to do s
23、th派某人干某事13. setset sb to do sth使某人开始或着手做某事set sb doing sth使某人开始或着手做某事They set him to mow the lawn.他们叫他给草坪刈草.Her words set me thinking.她的话使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj 使处于(的状态)She set the caged bird free.14.placeplace sb in/into.使某人处于地位/位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position
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