2022年中考英语必备语法知识.docx
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1、中考英语必备语法知识精选一.必考时态句式结构1. 一般现在时:1)主语+实义动词/实义动词Gs/-es).2)主语+am/is/are+表语.I enjoy travelling around.我喜欢到处旅游。2. 一般过去时:1)主语+实义动词的过去式2)主语+was/were+表语+.We were both absent fromschool yesterday.昨天我们俩都没上学。3. 一般将来时:1)主语+shall/wiH+动词原形.主语+am/is/are going to do.I will be at home at seven this evening.今天晚上 7 点我会
2、在家。4 .过去将来时:主语+would/was going to+动词原形.He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.他说他退休后要住 在农村。5 .现在进行时:主语+am/is/are+现在分词She is doing housework now.现在她正在做家务。6 .过去进行时:主语+was/were+现在分词He was reading at seven last night.昨晚 7 点他一直在读书。7 .现在完成时:主语+have/has+过去分词I have lived in Shangha
3、i for years.我在上海生活多年了。8 .过去完成时:主语+had+过去分词I had finished the job by the end of last week.到上周为止我完成了 这项工作。二.被动语态结构.一般现在时的被动语态:主语+am/is/are+过去分词(+by.)1 .一般过去时的被动语态:主语+was/were+过去分词(+by.). 一般将来时的被动语态:主语+will/shall+be+过去分词(+by.)2 .过去将来时的被动语态:主语+would/should+be+过去分词(+by.) 某地有多少人或物回答用There be.有时直接就用数字来回答。O
4、ne./Two.-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生2)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much +不可数名词+ is there +地点状语How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水九.形容词、副词的用法1 .多个形容词的排列顺序:(限定词+)观点形容词+形状形容词+年龄、新旧形 容词+颜色形容词+产地、来源形容词+超材料形容词+用途形容词(+名词). (not+) as+形容词/副词原级+as: Our house is as big as yours.我们的发你和 你们的一样
5、大。2 .形容词/副词比拟级+than: Jimmy is five years older than Tina.吉米比蒂娜大5 岁。3 .形容词/副词比拟级+and+形容词/副词比拟级“越来越”We are getting on better and better with one another.我们之间相处的越来越融洽。4 .the+形容词比拟级,the+形容词比拟级”越,就越”The more friends you have, the happier you will be.你朋友越多,你就越开心。5 . the+形容词/副词最高级+表示比拟范围的短语/从句“是中最的”I like
6、spring (the) best of the four seasons.在四季中,我最喜欢春天。6 . one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+表示范围的短语/从句“是中 最之一”One of the hardest lauguagein the world is English.世界上最难得语言之一就是英 语。十.连词用法祈使句+and/or+简单句”那么/否那么”Make us laugh, and we will buy it.让我们大笑,我们就会买它。1. bothand.“既又; 和都”Both she and I are students.她和我都是学生。2. nei
7、ther.nor.”既不也不”I have neither time nor money,我既没有时间也没有钱。3. not only.but also,”不但而且”The weather is not only cold but also wet.天气不但寒冷而且潮湿。4. eitheror“或者或者; 要么要么”Either you or he is right.不是你就是他对。十一.状语从句.主句+when/while/as+时间状语从句“当时”1 .not.until+时间状语从句“直到才”(主将从现).主句+before/after+时间状语从句“在.之前/之后.”2 .主句+if/
8、unless/as long as+条件状语从句“如果/除非/只要”(主将从现).主句+because/since/as+原因状语从句”因为/既然”3 .主句+though/although+让步状语从句 ”尽管/即使”.主句+so/such+that+结果状语从句“如此以至于”4 .主句+so that/in order that+目的状语从句”以便于”.主句+where/wherever+地点状语从句十二.宾语从句.主句(+that)(无实义,只引导)+宾语从句I dont think (that) there will be time to do it.我认为没有时间做这件事了。1 .主
9、句+whether/if(是否”)+宾语从句I dont know weather/if it is going to rain.我不知道是否会下雨。2 . 1)介词+whether+宾语从句2)主句+whether or not+宾语从句3)主句+whether to do .Fm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。3 .主句+连接代词who/what/which/whose等+宾语从句.主句+连接副词when/where/how/why等+宾语从句十三.名词用法.可数名词变复数:l)+-s2)变y为i,再加-es3)变f
10、/fe为v,再加-es4)“辅音音字母+o”结尾的名词+-es5)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词+esbook 一 books city 一 cities lea Jleaves tomato 一 tomatoes class 一 classes.表达数量:a/an+但数量词+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词:a pair of glasses 一 副眼镜基数词+附属两次+of+可数名词复数/不可数名词:four bottles of water四瓶水.名词所有格:1)名词单数词尾(不以s结尾)+s 2)名词复数细微(以s结尾) 十,1 . A+and+B+-,s表示两者分别拥有:Andys a
11、nd Steve9s安迪的和史蒂夫的 A+-s+and+B+-s表示两者分别拥有:Andys and Steves安迪的和史蒂夫的.无生命事物的所有格:名词+of+名词:the gate of the library图书馆的大门2 .双重所有格:名词+of+名词的-s所有格/名词性物主代词:a friend of Bills比 尔的一位朋友。十四.冠词的用法the+自然界中独一无二的事物The sun is shining in the sky.太阳在天空中闪耀。1. the+序数词/最高级She is the tallest girl in her class.她是班里最高的女孩。2. th
12、e+表示姓氏的复数名词The Kings are having dinner.金一家人/金夫妇俩正在吃饭。3. the+表示用于演奏的西洋乐器前She likes to play the violin.她喜欢拉小提琴。十五.数词的用法.表达时刻:分钟(30分钟以内)+past+小时“点过分”分钟(30分钟以上)+to+下一个小时“差分点”9:15: a quarter past nine = nine fifteen 9:45: a quarter to ten = nine forty-five.表达年龄:1) a/an+基数词-year-old+名词(词组)2)a/an+名词(词组)+of
13、+基数词+years+oldHe is an eighty-year-old man. = He is a man of eighty years old. 他 80 岁。1 .表达年龄:in+ones+整10基数词的复数形式:in ones twenties 20多岁时.表达确切数目:基数词+hundred/thousand/minion+可数名词复数表达不确切数目:基数词+hundred/thousand/miUion+of+可数名词复数two thousand books 两千本书millions of books 数百万本书十六.情态动词 , 13定结构cannot but do”只好
14、做,不得不做”We cannot but have a try.我们只好尝试一下。1. cant help but do/cant help doing.“禁不住做”I can* helping thinking of my friends.我禁不住想起我的朋友。2. Shall I/we do.?表示请求许可Shall I tell John about it?我告诉约翰这件事,可以吗?3. Will/Would you (please) +动词原形.? “请你好吗?”Will you please pass me the salt?请把盐递给我好吗?十七.祈使句Be动词/动词原形+Be c
15、areful! Put me down.小心点儿!把我放下来!1. Dont/Never+动词原形+.Never stop trying.绝不停止尝试。2. Lefs/Let us+动词原形+Lefs go to the park.让我们去公园吧。十八.感叹句What(+a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!1. How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!2. How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!3. How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!十九.反义疑问句1)【陈述局部】肯定式,【附加问句】否认式?2)【陈述局部】否认式,【附加问句】肯定式?3)陈述局部】
16、祈使句,【附力口问句】will you/won,t you?4)【陈述局部】no/never/hardly,【附加问句】肯定式?5)【陈述局部】Lets,【附加问句】shall we?6)【陈述局部】let us,【附加问句】will you?7)【陈述局部】I/WedonYthink等+宾语从句,【附加问句】与从句一致?She was employed by the company, wasnt she?她被这家公司录用 了,不是吗?You didnt attend the conference, did you?你没参力口研讨会,是吧?二十.定语从句.先行词+who(作主语、宾语)/who
17、m(作宾语)+定语从句1 .先行词(一般指物)+which+定语从句.先行词(不定代词/序数词/最高级/人+物/被the very,the only等修饰)+that+定 语从句2 .先行词+whose (作定语)+定语从句先行词+when(时间)/where (地点)/why (原因)+定语从句3 .现在进行时的被动语态:主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词(+by.).过去进行时的被动语态:主语+was/were+being+过去分词(+by.)4 .现在完成时的被动语态:主语+have/has+been+过去分词(+by.).过去完成时的被动语态:主语+had+been+过去分
18、词(+by.)三.情态动词.情态动词表推测(1)表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must”一定;准是,may“也许;可能,might或 许”;(2)表示否认推测的情态动词有:can甘不可能”。1 .情态动词引起的一般疑问句must引起的一般疑问句,肯定答语用must,否认答语用neednt或dont have too2 .情态动词的意义must 必须”;have to不得不”;need “需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall, will (would)”将;会;愿意;要”;should “应当”had better (not) +动词原形”表示
19、建议;have to / has to / had to的否认,疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does / did。四.常考句式结构1 、 as. as.结构:Youre a boy as good as Torn.=YoiTre as good a boy as Tom.你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。2、(l)too.to与so.that前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主 语有两个,试比拟:The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.(2).与no
20、t enough to句型的转换:He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.二The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、形容词原级表示比拟级含义:约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.4、用比拟级表示最高级:约翰是班里最
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