2022年初中动词不定式和动名词精讲及练习 .pdf

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1、1 初中动词不定式和动名词精讲考点 1：动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式及特点动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to。不定式的否定形式是“ not to （do）”He asked me to play chess with him 。他让我和他一起下国际象棋。(带 1o)1 saw a boy go across the road just now 。我看见有个男孩刚才过了马路。(不带 to) The teacher told me not to be late again. 老师告诉我不要再迟到。(否定形式动词不定式的用法2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中

2、不能作谓语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语 。虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语。下面重点介绍几种用(1)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语 (即动词 + to do sth。结构)的动词有： begn(开始)，care(愿意)，ask(要求)，hope(希望 )，learn(学会)， expect(期望)，want(想要)，wish(希望)， forget(忘记)，like(喜欢)， decide(决定)，try(尝试)， continue(继续)，er(比较喜欢 )， pretend(假装)等。

3、如I hope to see the famous scientist 。( to see作 hope的宾语 )我希望看见那位著名的科学家。不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。 常见的这类形容词有：ready(准备好 )， anxious(急于)，able 能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴 )，sory(难过)， afraid(害怕)， pleased( 高兴)， willing( 愿意)等。如m glad to meet you 。( to meel 作 glad 的宾语 )见到你很高兴。不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如： when to do(什么时候做 )； how to do(怎样

4、做 )； what to do(做什么)； why to do(为什么做 )； where to do(在哪丿 L 做)； which to do(做哪一个 )等。如Idon t know what to buy for my mother。( what to buy 作 know 的宾语 )我不知道给妈妈买什么。（2.）不定式用作宾语补足语）不定式用作宾语补足语， 也是在一些特定的动词之后。 常接“宾语 +宾补”(即动词 +sb。+ to do sth。结构) 动词有： ask(请)， force(强迫)，alow(允许)， expect(期望，盼望 )， Invite(邀请)，want(要

5、)，ell(告诉)， advise(建议)，help(帮助)， persuade( 说服)， permit(准许)等。如 Joan asked Mary to speak first。(Mary 在句中作宾语，to speak补充说明 Mary 要做的事 )琼请玛丽先说(3)不定式作目的状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面。如We ran over to welcome the new friends from the USA 。( to welcome 作目的状语 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1

6、 页，共 5 页2 我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新朋友。(4)不定式作主语 (可用 it 来作形式主语，将真正主语置后) To learn maths is very important 。= It is very important to learn maths。学数学很重要。3。省略 to 的不定式使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补上 to. 常考的有Make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事let sb. do sth 。让某人做某事ake sb. do叫某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sh。

7、do( doing)sth。注意某人 (正在)做某多see sb.do( doing)sth 。看见某人 (正在)做某事hear sb.do( doing)sth 。听见某人 (正在)做某事如:1 often see him run on the road 。(省略 to)我经常看见他在路上跑步。4。不带 to 的常用句型Why don t you do sth。?为什么不做某事 ? Why not do sth。?为什么不做某事 ? Would/ Could you please do sth 。?请你做某事，好吗 ? Would/ Could you please not do sth 。

8、?请你不要做某事，好吗 ? would rather do sth 。 than do sth 。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事had better(not) do sth 。最好 (不)要做某事prefer to do sth 。 rather than do sth 。宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事考点 2 动名词1。动名词的基本形式和性质(1)动名词是由“动词原形加-ing”构成 ，形式与动词的现在分词相同。如：No smoking here 。这里禁止吸烟。(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。如She is fon

9、d of collecting stamps 。(作宾语 )她喜欢集邮。Traveling abroad can be very exciting 。(作主语 )出国旅行会是很激动人心的。2。常见的可接动名词的动词短语有insist on(坚持) think of(想到) dream of(梦想) object to(反对) hear of(听说) look forward to(期望) feel like(想要) devote。to(致力于 )get/ be used to( 习惯于 ) be fond of(喜欢) be afraid of(害怕) be tired of(厌烦) succ

10、eed( 成功) stop。from(阻止做 ) keep。from(阻止) prevent。from(阻止做depend on( 依靠) spend。in(在花费 ) be interested in( 对感兴趣 ) be proud of(以为骄傲 /自豪 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页3 一从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have res

11、ted B. resting C. to rest D. rest ( )2. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying ( )3. You d better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know. A. to have, mend B. have, mended C. have, to mend D. to have, mended ( )4. - Look! The lights in the classroo

12、m are still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning them off B. turn them off C. to turn them off D. having turned them off ( )5. “Cant you read? ” the officer said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. point angrily ( )6. The computer center, _ last year, is very

13、popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened ( )7. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive ( )8. - What s the language _ in New Zealand? - English. A. speaking B. spoken C. be

14、 spoken D. to speak ( )9. He didn t feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going ( )10. Paul doesn t have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _. A. to live in B. t

15、o be lived in C. to live D. for living in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页4 ( )12. A clock is made for _ us the time. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells ( )13. You d better _ at home all the time. Its bad for your health. A. don t stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not sta

16、ying ( )14. The students are busy _ ready for the exam now. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get ( )15. The mother asked the boy _ down the ladder, but he went on _ instead. A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing 二语法选择填空。Sometimes you just need a quick trip to

17、the beach. I decided 1 Puerto Rico. The island,2 is a USA territory(地域), offers Americans all the comforts of domestic (国内的 )travel. But Puerto Rico also has Caribbean beaches and Latin culture along 3 waterfalls and good food and drinks. We spent five days 4 on the beach, exploring old San Juan, hi

18、king through the islands rainforest and, of course ， enjoying tropical(热带的) drinks as we thought of _5 futures. Puerto Rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. Prices tend 7 lower in the rainy months, April to November, but thats because you run the risk of 8 stuck inside your hotel room waiting fo

19、r the rain to subside( 减弱)。 Traveling there last fall, I knew this going in, but was willing 9 my chances. We also spent a day 10 El Yunque, Puerto ricos famous tropical rainforest. Many visitors rent a car and made the trek( 跋涉) 11 their own from San juan-its about 30 minutes away- 12 we booked a g

20、uided tour through our hotel that included 13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. There 14 several different places where you can swim, but be prepared for a bit of adventure, 15 slippery rocks and a river with a rope swing 。() 1. A. to try B. try C. trying Dtried ()2. A who B. which C. what D. w

21、hose ()3.A.of B. by C. with D. against ()4.A.to relax B.relax C.relaxed D.relaxing ()5.A. your B. their C. his D.our ()6.A.has B.have C. is D.are ()7.A.being B.to be C.will be D. have been ()8.A. to get B.got C. getting D. to be got ()9.A. taking B. to take C. takes D. took ()10.A. on B. at C. under

22、 D. with ()11.A. in B. on C. by D. to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页5 ()12.A. but B. and C. or D. so ()13.A. a B. an C. the D./ ()14.A. is B. are C. have D. has ()15.A.include B. including C. to include D. included 非谓语单项参考 1-5 CDBCA 6-10 DABDB 11-15 ABCAC非谓语短文参考 15ABCDD 610ABCBB 11-15BAABB 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页