2022年初中现在完成时讲解练习及答案- .pdf
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1、精品资料欢迎下载现在完成时精讲和专练I.定义:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构肯定句: have/has+ done (过去分词 ) 否定句:主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词 )+其他 . 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语 + done (过去分词 )+其他 . 简略答语 : Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定 ) No, 主语+ havent/hasnt.(否定 ) 注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy 等的完成时不能与for,si
2、nce 等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如 live , study,be, wait 等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。如: I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30 多年。III.现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和,ever, never, twice ( once ), so far(到目前为止) , since,for,in the past/last few years(在过去几年), already(肯定
3、句), yet( 否定, 疑问句) , just( 刚刚 ), before(以前) , recently(近来)等词连用说明: already 与 yet 都有 “ 已经 ” 的意思,但already 常用于肯定句,并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。例如:I have already finished my homework. I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. ( 他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had m
4、y lunch. ( 我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“ 延续” 的特性和 “ 时间 ” 点段的区分入手。for+时段since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when 连用IV.现在完成时的用法A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结
5、果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。例如:The car has arrived.车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)B. 表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括 “ 现在 ” 在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+时间段、 since+过去的时间点、疑问词 how long 等。 例如:My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
6、- - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从 20XX 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了?注意:此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外) 。例如: (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误: I have bought the book for three months. 正确: I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥
7、哥参军多长时间了?错误: How long has your brother joined the army? 正确: How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be ill get up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome
8、/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成为 的一员 ) open -be open close -be closed 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为“for 时间段 ” 或“since 时间点 ” 。如:He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Gre
9、en China for three years. 他加入 “ 绿色中国 ” 已经三年了。The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间 (for 2 years), since+ 从句 (sinc
10、e he came here), since+时间点名词 ( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time 等。V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday. (强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。 )I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如: ag
11、o, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then(那时 ),that day, one day, once(从前 ) 现在完成时常和recently (近来),ever, never, twice, so far (到目前为止) , since,for,in the past/last few years , already (肯定句), yet(否定,疑问句), just( 刚刚 ), before (以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表
12、示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载VI.比较 since和 for since 后接时间点,for 后接时间段,试比较:I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I ha
13、ve not heard from my uncle for a long time. VII. 比较have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to.表示 “ 曾去过某地, 已经从那里回来了” , 可以和 ever、never、twice 等连用。have(has) gone to 表示 “ 已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来” 。have(has) been in 表示 “ 在某地呆多长时间” ,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for, how long 等He went to
14、Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经 )到 /去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上 ,反正他人不在这里) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载语法练习I.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1
15、.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. He _here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours
16、ago. The light _for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year.
17、 He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II.单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _ ?. Just . ago .before .a moment ago ( )3. How long have you _ here ? About
18、 two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; d
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