2022年英语各种词性前后缀及习题_共5页 .pdf

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1、各种词性前后缀1. 常见前缀前缀含义例词en- 使可能enrich 丰富enable 使能够，使有机会enlarge 扩大dis- 不，否定dissatisfy 使不满意disappear 消失 disagree 不同意 dishonesty不诚实disadvantage 不利条件un- 不unable 不能够unlucky 不幸的unhappy 不开心的un+ v. 做相反动作undress脱衣服unload 卸货uncover 揭开in- im- ir- il- 不，非inactive 不活跃的incorrect 不正确的impolite 不礼貌的impossible 不可能的immora

2、l 不道德的irregular 不规则的irresponsible 不负责任的illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non- 不，非non-existent 不存在的non-stop 直达的 ,连续不断的mis- 错误的，坏的misunderstand 误解mislead 误导misfortune 厄运 ,不幸Re- 重复，再rewrite 重写 , remarry 再婚super- 在上面，超级supermarket 超市supermodel 超级名模superstar 超级明星under- 在之下underestimate 低估 underground 地下的inter- 相

3、互，之间international 国际的interact 交流 ,合作 ,相互作用semi- 半semifinal 半决赛semicircle 半圆semi-conscious 半昏迷半清醒的multi- 多，多种multi-national 多国的multi-colored 多种颜色的multi-cultural多文化的kilo- 千kilometer 千米 ,公里kilogram 千克tele- 远telephone 电话television 电视精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页2. 名词后缀后 缀含 义例

4、词n.+er 相关的人farmer 农夫officer 官员v.+er 从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人teacher 教师worker 工人reader 读者writer 作家地点名词 +er 住在某处的人Londoner 伦敦人villager 村民-ess 女 actress 女演员hostess 女主人-or 同 er- conductor 售票员visitor 游客inventor 发明家actor 演员survivor 幸存者editor 编辑-ar 同 er- beggar 乞丐-ese 某国人 ,某国语Chinese 中国人 ,汉语Japanese 日本人 ,日语-ian 从事某

5、职业的人musician 音乐家physician 医师 ,内科医生-ist 从事某职业的人scientist 科学家dentist 牙医pianist 钢琴家artist 艺术家communist 共产主义者socialist 社会主义者-ment 行为的结果argument 争论judgment 判断-ness 状态 , 情况 ,特征happiness 幸福illness 疾病-tion 动作 ,行为dictation 听写preparation 准备-ship 身份 ,状态leadership 领导friendship 友谊citizenship 国籍；公民权-ance acceptan

6、ce接受appearance 外表；出现-ence confidence 信息reference 参考n.+ful 以该名词容量为单位的量glassful 一杯mouthful 一口plateful 一盘spoonful 一羮匙-al refusal 拒绝denial 抵赖arrival 到达approval 赞成；批准burial 埋葬；葬礼survival 幸存-y difficulty困难 possibility 可能性-ism socialism 社会主义materialism 唯物主义3 . 形容词后缀后 缀例 词a- 在上 /里向 . aboard 在船 /火车 /飞机上ahead

7、 在前面aside 向旁边abroad在国外精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页-al industrial 工业的national 国家的 ,民族的-an European 欧洲的American 美国的 ,美洲的-ern eastern东方的northern 北方的southern 南方的-able reasonable合理的believable 可相信的unbearable 难以忍受的-ful careful 仔细的 ,小心的cheerful 兴高采烈的beautiful 美丽的-ish childish 孩子般

8、的selfish 自私的foolish 愚蠢的-ive active 活跃的 ,积极的creative 创造性的destructive 破坏的；毁灭性的-y thirsty 口渴的dirty 脏的windy 有风的-en golden 金色的 ,金的wooden 木的 ,木质的woolen 羊毛的-ous continuous 持续的various 各种各样的-ary imaginary 幻想的revolutionary 革命的-ic realistic 现实的historic 历史的-some troublesome 麻烦的lonesome 孤独的 , 寂寞的-like childlike

9、孩子般的 ,单纯的womanlike 女人般的-ly friendly 友好的lovely 可爱的-less careless 粗心的harmless 无害的homeless 无家可归的useless 无用的4. 动词后缀后缀含义例 词-en 使 成为 , 使 具有widen 加宽sharpen削尖deepen 加深strengthen 加强shorten 缩短soften 软化quicken 加快adj. +ize 使 变成 , 使 化Americanize 美国化civilize 使开化modernize 现代化nationalize 国有化-y 使 化beautify 美化simplif

10、y 简化5. 副词后缀-ly 是最常见的副词后缀, 可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。如：slowly 缓慢地 happily 高兴地 truly 真实地 wholly 全部地 simply 纯粹地精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页练习1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词, 并注意名词数的变化。(1)Do you know the _ (deep) of the river? (2)His _ (careful) resulted in

11、 the terrible accident (3)He is one of the _ (science) who support this theory. 答案： (1) depth (2) carelessness (3) scientists 2. 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：(1)Please pay _ (attend) to your handwriting. (2) His _ (arrive) made the situation worse. (3

12、)The teacher was angry at my _ (come) late. 答案： (1) attention (2) arrival (3) coming 3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。如：(1)The boy ran _ (quick) to school. (2)“Whats that?” Father shouted _ (angry). (3)The little girl is _ （extreme）eager to know the result of the exam 。(4). He was very tired

13、after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow ” _ (height). 答案： (1) quickly (2) angrily (3) extremely (4) higher 4. 在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词如果所需词为形容词时, 还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1) What s the _ (width) river in the world? (2) The _ (strength) we become, the more

14、modest we should be. 答案： (1) widest (2) stronger 5 即时训练单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Mary was very _ at the news, so she looked _ at her husband, her eyes full of _ (sad). 2. He _football very well and he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play) 3. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! She seems to

15、 be the _ girl in the world (happy). 4. To our _, the headmaster was very _ with our report. (satisfy) 5. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent) 6. I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it. (simple) 7. The boy having the _ of being half starved _, never to be seen again.

16、(appear) 8. The police _ the pot and _ a plot against the President. (cover) 9. You are so _ to help me. Thank you for your _. (kindly) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页10. Everything is becoming _ than before and many college students had to work to make some mone y for their

17、 college _. (expend) 语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空A Rafting is an_1_ (excite) adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience_2_(natural) . If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen t

18、rees or rocks. If you are looking for more_3_ （excite）, you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is_4_（adventure） and_5_(difficulty) than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves_6_ (quick). You have to be_7_ (care) not to hit rocks, trees and other_8_

19、 (dangerous). The name “Whitewater”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. B Steve Jones is an_1_(environment) expert who tries to keep animals and plants from_2_(become) endangered. If we know more about what causes_3_ (danger), we may be ab

20、le to take measures before it is too late. A species can become _4_ (endanger) for_5_ (differ) reasons. Animals and plants must have a habitat or home, which is_6_ (comfort) and clean, and where there is enough food and other resources. Otherwise they can not live_7_ (comfortable). They are all used

21、 to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live_8_ (succeed) in their habitat. 【参考答案】一、单句填空1. sad, sadly, sadness 2. played, players 3. happily, happiest 4. satisfaction, satisfied 5. inventor; inventions 6. simplify, simpler/simple 7. appearance, disappeared 8. discovered, uncovered 9.

22、 kind, kindness 10. more expensive, expenses 二、语篇填空A. 1. exciting 2. nature 3. excitement 4. adventurous 5. difficult 6. quickly 7. careful 8. dangers B. 1. environmental 2. becoming 3. endangerment 4. endangered 5. different 6. comfortable 7. comfortably 8. successfully 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页