2022年英语小学毕业班语法复习及练习 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载小学英语语法知识及练习第一章名词名词的概念：用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用 “数词 +单位 +of+物质名词” 的形式， 如 a piece of bread (一片面包 )， 变为复数时， 只须将单位名词变为复数，如： two pieces of bread(两片面包 )。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. shop - shops (商店 ) bag - bags (书包 ) window - windows ( 窗户 ) 2.

2、以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。class - classes (班级 ) box - boxes ( 盒子 ) match - matches (比赛 ) brush - brushes (刷子 ) 3. 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的词，变 y 为 i 加 es. story - stories ( 故事 ) 4. 以“元音字母+y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加s. key - keys( 钥匙 ) monkey - monkeys （猴子）5.以 “ o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s” , 但个别加“ es”tomato - tomatoes (西红柿 ) potato

3、 - potatoes (土豆 ) zoo - zoos (动物园 ) photo - photos ( 照片 ) （以“ o” 结尾，复数加“ es” ）口诀：黑人 (Negro)英雄 (hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango） 。6. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves (树叶 ) knife - knives ( 小刀 ) * （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，需把f 或 fe 变 ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife ）持刀（knife ）去宰狼 （wolf ） ，小偷（t

4、hief）吓得发了慌， 躲在架下 （shelf）保己命， 半(half) 片树叶 （leaf）遮目光。* （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，直接加“ s” 的单词）口诀：长颈鹿 (giraffe) 站在屋檐 (roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf) 。7. 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人 ) tooth -t eeth (牙齿 ) child - child ren (儿童 ) mouse - mice(老鼠 ) foot - feet ( 脚) 8. 名词单复数形式一样sheep - sheep (绵羊 ) deer - deer

5、（鹿）English - English （英国人）Chinese - Chinese （中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a 变 e；鹅，足，牙齿oo 变 ee；其实老鼠也好记ous 变 ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如 : This is Tom s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mike s book. 那是迈克的书。2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3

6、. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s。如： the children s palace 少年宫men s room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格， s 前面加一撇 ，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式（一）puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _ 4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot _ 11.wife _ 12.potato _ 13.play _ 14.day _ 15.

7、glass _ 16.radio _17.zoo _18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _ 22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _ 25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. English _29.mouse _30. man _ （二） 1.plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3.knife life leaf wife thief 4.day boy monkey baby countr

8、y story 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载5.photo radio piano tomato hero 6. child tooth man sheep English Chinese 二、汉译英1Tom 的足球_ 2. 老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌_ 4.哥哥的文具盒_ 5姑姑的卡片_ 6.猴子们的香蕉 _ 7蚂蚁们的早餐_ 8.妈妈的包 _ 第二章代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格意思单数第一人称I m

9、e 我第二人称you you 你第三人称he she it him her it 他她它复数第一人称we us 我们第二人称you you 你们第三人称they them （他、她、它）们主格与宾格：人称代词主格用在句首 作主语。 She is sitting in a bus. 她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性my our your

10、 your his her its their 名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 意思我的我们的你的你们的他的，她的，它的（他、她、它）们的形容词性物主代词后要跟名词，名词性物主代词后不跟名词，名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词例， Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣 ? This is my book。这是我的书。It s hers. 是她的。（hers= her coat）三、指示代词This (这个 )- these ( 这些 ) 指近处的事物That (那个 )- these ( 那些 ) 指远处的事物例

11、， This is a book. 这是本书。These are some books. 这些是书。That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Mary is a friend of _. ( I ) 2.This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3.Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he ) 4.This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).

12、 5.These pens are _ ( we ). 二、帮下面的好朋友团圆（连线）I 她its 我们her 他（她，它）们we 我精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载they 你的their 他（她，它）们your 她的she 它的二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你，你们他她它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词三、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine. 1.That is her ruler. _ 2.These are their f

13、ootballs. _ 3.This is my backpack . _ 4.Those are your boxes. _ 四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _ 2. That is a bus. _ 3. It is a mouse. _ 第三章数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：110 1119 20100 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4

14、four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred *基数词的写法： 2199 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-” 。例： 21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”

15、 ，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例： 101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight 2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th 构成。例，four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eig

16、hth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成 i，然后在加eth.例，twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 1） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third 二、冠词精选学习资料 -

17、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a 或 an 是不定冠词， the 是定冠词 。 a 用在辅音音素之前， 如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如an apple, an hour, an English book. 1.不定冠词（ a,an）指人 或 事 物 的 某 一 种类，表示“一个” ，但不强调数量。She is a teacher. That s an orange. 2.定冠词the 的用法：1).特指某 (些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。

18、2).指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：open the window ，please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：i have a car. the car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4).指世界上独一无二的事物。例如： which is bigger ， the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5).用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：the first lesson is the easiest one in this book. 第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6).用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the great wal

19、l 长城， the united states美国7). 用在方位词前。例如:on the left 在左边， in the middle of 在中间8). 用在乐器名称前。例如：she plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴9). 用在某些固定词组中：all the same 仍然； all the time 一直； at the moment 此刻； at the same time 同时； by the way顺便说； do the shopping/washing 买东西 /洗衣服； in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午

20、/下午 /晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外3.不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim 等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your 等词时，就不再用冠词。如，that mouse (那只老鼠 ) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家go to school 去上学冠词练习题选择正确的选项：1.There is _ apple on the desk. a. a b .the c. an d./ 2.The girl under _ tree is my siste

21、r. a. a b .thec .an d./ 3.He met _ friend of his on the road.a. a b .the c .an d./ 5. Yesterday I went towork on foot. a. /， / b ./， thec .the， / d. the， the 6. We have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day. a. the， the， the b. the， /， thec. a， /， thed .a， the， the 第四章句型一、陈

22、述句定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。肯定句变否定句：时态具体句型句子构成一般现在时动词做谓语主语 +be (am/is / are )+not+其他 +. 实意动词做谓语主语 +don t/ doesnt +其他 +. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载肯定句变否定句就是加 not 或表示否定的词陈述句练习把下列陈述句变成否定句。1.My father watches TV every day . My fa

23、ther _ _ TV every day . 2.Kate often does her homework at six . Kate _ often _ her homework at six. 3.I go to school at seven . I _ _ to school at seven . 4.She usually goes home by bus . She _ usually _ home by bus . 5.They are good students . They _ _ good students . 6.He is clever . He _ _ clever

24、 . 7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning . He _ _ _ bread for breakfast every morning . 8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon . I _ often _ _ tea in the afternoon . 9.He has some eggs . He _ _ _ eggs . 10.Kim likes his new bike . Kim _ _ his new bike . 二、疑问句(一 )、一般疑问句：1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/n

25、o 句型，需要 用 yes或 no 来回答 。2.一般疑问句的基本结构：be 动词（ am, is, are） +主语 +表语？情态动词（ can, may, must ）+主语 +行为动词（或be）? 助动词 (do, does)+主语 +行为动词？3.变一般疑问句的方法： （一调，二变，三问号）当句中有Be(am, is, are)动词的时候：1、将 Be(am, is, are)提前，放于句首（大写）；2、将人称变换（一变二，二变一，三不变）：第一人称变第二人称（Iyou, we you, my your, our your ） ，第二人称变第一人称（you I,you we,your

26、my,your our ） ，第三人称不变。3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定：Yes , 主语 +be. 否定：No, 主语 +be+not. 当句中没有Be 动词，有情态动词的时候：1、提前 can, may，放于句首（大写） ；2、人称变换同上面（一变二，二变一，三不变）。3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定：Yes , 主语 +can. 否定：No, 主语 +can+not. 句中没有Be 动词和情态动词can 的时候：1、在句首加Do 或 Does，当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does，其它都用Do 2、人称变换同上面（一变二，二变一，三不变）。3、在句尾加问号“？”4、回答：肯定

27、：Yes , 主语 +do/does 否定：No, 主语 +do/does+not. 其它在句中要变换的词有some any, am are ( 二) 、特殊疑问句：情态动词 +实意动词主语 +情态动词 +not +动词原形 +其他 +. 现在进行时动词做谓语主语 +be 动词 (am /is /are)+not+现在分词 +其他 +. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why放在句首

28、提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句， 答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或 no。特殊疑问句的基本结构：疑问词+ 一般疑问句What do you want? 你要什么？Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？疑问代词：who: 谁提问 人物 。whose: 谁的提问 “物主”。which: 哪一个 /位提

29、问 “选择”。what: 什么提问 事物或事情疑问副词：when: 什么时候提问 在何时 。where: 在哪里提问 在何地。why: 为什么提问 原因 。how: 怎么样提问表示 程度或方式 的副词或短语。由疑问词what 构成的短语引导的问句what time（几点）what day （星期几）what date （日期）what color （什么颜色）由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句how old 多大了how many + 复数名词表示多少how much + 不可数名词表示多少how often 多久一次疑问句专项练习按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。1. It s a larg

30、e room.(改为复数形式) _ _ large rooms. 2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.( 改为否定句 ) He _ _ to buy a dictionary for his daughter. 3. Uncle Wang likes making things. ( 改为否定句 ) Uncle Wang _ _ making things. 4. There are fifty-two students in our class. ( 就划线部分提问) _ _ students are there in your cl

31、ass? 5. He has three pens. (就划线部分提问) _ _ pens does he have ? 6. She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问) _ _ is she? 7. They have a class meeting every other week. ( 改为否定句 ) They _ _ a class meeting every other week. 9. Put the book on the desk.（否定句） _ _ the book on the desk. 10. His bike was bought yesterda

32、y. （就划线部分提问）_ _ was bought yesterday? 11. She does morning exercises every day. (否定句 )She _ _ morning exercises every day. 12. She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句) _ she _ to stay at home. 三、祈使句一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don t, never 开始。1肯定祈使句句型1 ：动词let +

33、第一、三人称宾格代词+ 动词原形 . 例句： Let s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。Let me try. 让我试一试。句型2：动词+ 其他部分例句： Please open the door . 请开门。Listen to me. 请听我讲。2.否定祈使句（一般在句首加Don t.）Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。（肯定句）Open the door. 打开门。（肯定句）Don t climb the tree! 不要爬树。（否定句）Don t open the door. 不要开门。（否定句）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归

34、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载四、 there be 与 havehas 句型一.“ There be”句型“ There be +名词 +地点 /时间 ” 是指“ 某地（时）存在某人（或某物）” 。（一）结构1)There is + 可数名词单数或者 不可数名词2） There are + 可数名词复数（二）用法1.肯定句：There is are + _. 2.否定句： There is are + not _ 3.一般疑问句：IsAre + there ? Yes, there is are. No, there is are not. （三）

35、 There be 句型中的be 与离它最近的名词有关。例，There is an apple and two pears on the table. There are two pears and an apple on the table. 二、 have has 句型是指 某人有某物(表示所有、拥有关系)I We You They 人名（复数） + have He She It 人名（单数）+ has there be与 havehas句型专项练习题一、 用“ have , there be ”的适当形式填空1.He _ a lot of friends. 2._ _ four seas

36、ons in a year. 3.She _ seven sons. 4._ _ any milk in the cup? 5.Beijing _ many universities. 6.We _ a lot of work to do. 7._ _ a book and two pens on the table. 8.They _ many beautiful flowers. 9._ _ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box. 10. My father _ a red car. 二、选择填空1.There _ two knives i

37、n the pencil box . A.are B.is C.be D.am 2.How many counties _ in Europe ?is it A.is there B.are they C.are there 3.Look ! There _ some apples in that tree A.is B.are C.be D.am 4.There _ some children playing on the playground . A.is B.are C.has D.have 5. There _ an apple tree near the river . A.am B

38、.are C.is D.be 6. _ there any good news in today s newspaper ? A.Are B. Is C.Have D.Has 7.There _ a banana and ten pears in the basket . A.are B.is C.has D.have 9.There _ some oranges on the table . A.are B.is C.am D.be 10.There _ forty sixty students in Class _. A.have , Three B.are , Three C.have

39、, Third D.are , Third 11.There _ a table with three legs in Jenny s room .A.is B. are C.has D.have 12.There _ ten deer and a monkey in the photo . A.is B.are C.be D.have 第四章句子时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not 缩写成一

40、个词。助动词do，does 一般只有与not 缩写。 Be 动词缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写I am I m I am not I m not You are You re You are not You re not /You aren t 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载He is He s He is not He s not /He isn t She is She s She is not She s not /She isn t It is It s It is not It s no

41、t / It isn t We are We re We are not We re not / We aren t They are They re They are not They re not / They aren t 动词 do not 的缩写形式为don t，does not 的缩写形式为doesn t。二、 动词加 -s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es 1 一般在词尾加 s 例： work works leave - leaves swim - swims 2 以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的词加 -es 例： pas

42、s- passes fix -fixes teach - teaches do- does 3 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，先变y 为 i 再加 -es 例： study - studies carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries 在句子中 , 如果使用了助动词does,dont,will,wont,can,would,wouldnt,must,mustnt等,尽管主语是第三人称单数 , 谓语动词也无需变化。如: He doesnt want to go shopping. Can he move the stone? Mike wont come to

43、school tomorrow.三、 一般现在时的用法1 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与often（经常） , always（总是） , sometimes （有时） , every day（每天） , on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。例句： I get up at 6 o clock every day. He often goes to school by bike. 2 表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句： Two and two are four. 二加二等于四。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习一

44、、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式post eat stop jump go like visit pass rise read ride have give write swim study watch fly teach do have swim study rise stop do ride cry write fly play read come buy give watch work carry 二、单项选择( )1._ you have a book ? A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have ( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV? _.

45、A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn t. C. Yes, he d like. D. No, he likes. ( )3.She doesn t _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载( )4.How _ Mr. Smith _ to England? A. do, go B. is , go C. does, go D. does , goe

46、s ( )5. _ she _ home at six every day? A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left 二、 用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I _ ( get ) up at 6 o clock every day. 2.My father _ (have) a lovely dog. 3.He _ (go ) to school on foot. 4.She _ (do ) not like watching TV. 5.They _ (play) football every Sunday afte

47、rnoon.三、 按要求完成下列各题1.Tomorrow is Saturday.( 变成一般疑问句) _ _ Saturday ? 2.Does he play basketball every weekend? (肯定回答 ) Yes, _ _. 3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句) _ she _ like her sister ? 4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句 ) _ they _ the same ? 5.Do they always go to the movie (电影院) on Sundays ?

48、(否定回答 ) No, _ _. 1.He _ (go) to school on foot. 2.She _ not like watching TV . (do) 3.My father _ (have) a lovely dog. 4.I often _ ( get ) up at six every morning. 5.My mother _ ( work) in a school. 第五章现在进行时态一、 现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。二、 现在进行时的构成现在进行时由 “系动词（ am，is ， are） + 现在分词（动词加-in

49、g 形式 ） ”构成。现在以动词work 为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：肯定句否定句I am working. I am not working. You are working. You are not working. He/She/It is working. He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are working. We/You/They are not working. 疑问句简略答语Am I working? Yes, you are. No, you are not. Are we working? Ye

50、s, we/ you are. No, we/ you aren t. Are you working? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, we are. No, we are not. Is he/she it working ? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it is not. Are they working? Yes, they are. No, they are not. 三、 现在分词的构成1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。stay - staying do - doing listen - listening 精选学习资料