2022年人教版初中九年级化学课本基本知识点填空 .pdf

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1、exchange experience in safety, commend advanced teams and indivi duals; 8, the establishment of the workshop safety management network, regular checking, arrangement of security work, workshop and team security officer role into full play9, issued strict enforcement of labor protection articles, hea

2、lth sta ndards, and do a good job post workers labor protecti on wear, guaranteed post workers safety and health; 10, develop emergency plans and drills are regularly organized. Assistant Superintendent of security responsibilities 1, Director of the workshop on the safety of the unit responsible, D

3、eputy Director in charge of business-wide security work; 2, seriously carry out the party and the countrys work safety laws, regulations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and Safety Manager. 10, develop emergency plans and drills

4、 are regularly organized. Group leaders safety duties 1 and carry out business and workshop on safety instructions and requirements, the teams overall responsibility for the safety and personal safety and health of workers; 2 organize and participate i n security activities, adhere to safety, before

5、 class to check security, after summing up the security system; 3, responsible for new workers (including internships, a ccompanying staff) job safety, education and the right to st op without the third-level education and safety assessment of qualified workers operate independently; 4, found acci d

6、ents signs and accidents take effective measures to prevent the situation from expanding and re porting; shall immediately report the accident and organized rescue, protect the scene, make detailed records, participate in accide nt investigations, organize workers to analyze the cause of the acci de

7、nt, the implementation of preventive measures; 5, engaging in obvious dang er or serious violations of the employee shall beentitled to stop the operation of the procedures and arrangements post operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipme nt in

8、spections and maintenance work, remain flexible to use , check the worker reasonable use of personal protective equi pment, and proper use of fire fighting equipment. 7, focus on team-building, improve management level of teams. Keep the work site tidy, clean, realization of civilization, and do ide

9、 ologi cal and political work team; 8 so as to improve track safety contest, commend the advanced experiences. Craft safety responsibilities 1, responsible for their own safety in the context of work, ensure the safety and reliability of the technical work. 2, i s responsible for the preparation of

10、technical specifications for the units security and safety management system. In the preparati on of start up, shut down, or when equipment maintenance, techni cal feasibility, to have reliable health and safety measures and inspection of the implementation. 3, in the area of staff security techniqu

11、eand safety training, organization of technical training activities, regular assessment. 4, often goes into the field to checkproduction safety situation, potential accident is discovered in time to propose measures to eliminate them, to stop illegal operations. Do not scatter in an emergency, to st

12、op their work, and to immediately report to the management. 5 participate i n workshop equipment, changes in technology programme and review of roasting temperature curve i s modified, to comply with safety requirements and product requirements. 6 participate in any accident investigation, a nalysis

13、, and find out the reason, responsibility and come up with preventive measures, and shall promptly report to the leadership or a uthority. 7, making maintenance, shutdown, work programme, in particular when process changes, mapping work well before start. Level 1 employee safety responsibilities, co

14、nscientiously study the relevant safety instructions, rules and safety procedures, mastering the post operating rules; 2, must wear PPE as required operation, proper use a nd proper storage of protective equi pment and fire-fighting equipment; 3, work will focus on safety, stabloperation and strictl

15、y observe labour di scipline and process discipline and conscientiously records, gang, leave, is strictly prohibited in the post, not sleeping, slapstick and ot her disci plinary matters, to discourage the illegal actions of others and . 2, r esponsible for fire analysis a nd enter the Tower, tanks

16、of gas metering and analysis data reporte d to the authorities. 3, responsible for acci dent investigation, statistics and reporting work. 1 electrical safety responsibilities, conscientiously study and a bide by the safety rules and regulations, in stri ct compliance with the prohibitions and provi

17、sions of safety, perform guard duties. 2, before the operation, wear appropriate PPE, implement security measures, issuing safety permits, inspecti on tools, instruments are in good condition. 3, any electrical appliance without inspection, shall be deemed to have access to electricit y, is forbidde

18、n to touch. 4, electrical maintenance, you must stop, cut off power, and hang up the no close warning signs before they can work. 5, good job in electricity, maintena ncerecords, easily lead to key parts of ongoing supervision and inspection of the accident.上册知识点总汇（一）我们周围的空气考点一：空气的成分：1、空气是一种_，主要是由和组

19、成。空气的成分得出按_分数计算，大致是 _占 21% ， 氮气占 _， _占 0.94%， _占 0.03%， 其他气体和杂质占0.03%。2、空气污染可分为两类，有害气体如、等和粉尘。污染源有_的燃烧和工厂排出的_，汽车的等。 NO2、 SO2进入大气后，易形成_。防治污染的方法：、注意 ：空气质量日报计入空气污染物的有害气体为_、 _、_以及 _和_。二氧化碳虽能造成温室效应，但不是质量日报所报告的。3、在空气中氧气含量测定的实验中，使用的药品是，该物质燃烧时有大量的_生成，同时集气瓶内水面_，说明氧气约占空气体积的1/5。以上实验测定氧气的含量往往偏低，引起这样结果的原因可能是：；该实验

20、不能用燃烧后生成_的物质（如碳、硫等）代替红磷，也不能用铁代替红磷，因为。考点二、氧气1氧气的物理性质：通常状况下是色味的气体，比空气密度，溶于水，液态和固态的颜色为色。2氧气的化学性质氧气是一种的化学性质的气体，具有 _性，在一定条件下，能跟许多物质发生反应。碳 在 氧 气 中 燃 烧 的 反 应 属 于 基 本 反 应 类 型 中 的 _ 反 应 ， 化 学 方 程 式 为_ ，如果氧气不足，碳与氧气反应则生成_。硫在空气中燃烧发出火焰，在氧气中燃烧发出_火焰，生成一种的气体，方程式为_。铁在氧气中燃烧生成_色的 _（填化学式） ，方程式为 _ _。注意 : 在硫燃烧的集气瓶中要加水的目的

21、是_ ；在铁燃烧的集气瓶中加水或细沙的目的是_。3、用途：氧气的两个重要用途是_和_ 。4、危害：氧气对人也有有害的一面，如缓慢氧化造成_、_。注意 ：火焰是气态物质燃烧时产生的特有现象。一般可燃性气体和熔沸点较低易汽化的固体、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页exchange experience in safety, commend advanced teams and indivi duals; 8, the establishment of the workshop safety management ne

22、twork, regular checking, arrangement of security work, workshop and team security officer role into full play9, issued strict enforcement of labor protection articles, health sta ndards, and do a good job post workers labor protecti on wear, guaranteed post workers safety and health; 10, develop eme

23、rgency plans and drills are regularly organized. Assistant Superintendent of security responsibilities 1, Director of the workshop on the safety of the unit responsible, Deputy Director in charge of business-wide security work; 2, seriously carry out the party and the countrys work safety laws, regu

24、lations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and Safety Manager. 10, develop emergency plans and drills are regularly organized. Group leaders safety duties 1 and carry out business and workshop on safety instructions and requiremen

25、ts, the teams overall responsibility for the safety and personal safety and health of workers; 2 organize and participate i n security activities, adhere to safety, before class to check security, after summing up the security system; 3, responsible for new workers (including internships, a ccompany

26、ing staff) job safety, e ducation and the right to st op without the third-level education and safety assessment of qualified workers operate independently; 4, found acci dents signs and accidents take effective measures to prevent the situation from expanding and re porting; shall immediately repor

27、t the accident and organized rescue, protect the scene, make detailed records, participate in accide nt investigations, organize workers to analyze the cause of the acci dent, the implementation of preventive measures; 5, engaging in obvious danger or serious violations of the employee shall beentit

28、led to stop the operation of the procedures and arrangements post operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipme nt inspections and maintenance work, remain flexible to use , check the worker reasonable use of personal protective equi pment, and p

29、roper use of fire fighting equipment. 7, focus on team-building, improve management level of teams. Keep the work site tidy, clean, realization of civilization, and do ideologi cal and political work team; 8 so as to improve track safety contest, commend the advanced experiences. Craft safety respon

30、sibilities 1, responsible for their own safety in the context of work, ensure the safety and reliability of the technical work. 2, i s responsible for the preparation of technical specifications for the units security and safety management system. In the preparati on of start up, shut down, or when

31、equipment maintenance, techni cal feasibility, to have reliable health and safety measures and inspection of the implementation. 3, in the area of staff security techniqueand safety training, organization of technical training activities, regular assessment. 4, often goes into the field to checkprod

32、uction safety situation, potential accident is discovered in time to propose measures to eliminate them, to stop illegal operations. Do not scatter in an emergency, to stop their work, and to immediately report to the management. 5 participate in work shop equipment, changes in technology programme

33、and review of roasting temperature curve is modified, to comply with safety requirements and product requirements. 6 participate in any acci dent investigation, analysis, a nd find out the reason, responsibility and come up with preventive measures, and shall promptly report to the leadership or aut

34、hority. 7, making maintenance , shutdown, work programme, in particular when process cha nges, mapping work well before start. Level 1 employee safety responsibilities, conscientiously study the relevant safety instructions, rules and safety procedures, mastering the post operating rules; 2, must we

35、ar PPE as required operation, proper use and proper st orage of protective equipment and fire-fighting equipment; 3, work will focus on safety, stable operation and strictly obse rve labour discipline and process discipline and conscientiously records, gang, leave, is strictly prohi bited in the pos

36、t, not sleeping, slapstick and other disci plinary matters, to discourage the illegal actions of others and . 2, responsible for fire analysis a nd enter the Tower, tanks of gas metering and analysis data reported to the authorities. 3, responsible for acci dent investigation, statistics and reporti

37、ng w ork. 1 electrica l safety responsibilitie s, conscientiously study and abide by the safety rules and regulations, in strict compliance with the pr ohibitions and provisions of safety, perform guard duties. 2, before the operation, wear appropriate PPE, implement security measures, issuing safet

38、y permits, inspection tools, instruments are in good condition. 3, any electrical appli ance without inspection, shall be deemed to have a cce ss to electricity, is forbidden to t ouch. 4, electrical maintenance, you must stop, cut off power, and hang up the no close warning signs before they can w

39、ork. 5, good job in ele ctricity, maintenance records, easily lead to key parts of ongoing supervision and inspection of the accident.2 液体，燃烧时有火焰， 如_、 _、 _等，不易汽化的固体物质，如_、 _等，燃烧时没有火焰。考点三 . 氧气的实验室制法（1） 工业制氧气分离液态空气法（原理： 利用氮气和氧气的不同， 属于变化）（2） 实验室制取氧气反应原理： （反应的化学方程式为）过氧化氢溶液中加入二氧化锰在氯酸钾中加入二氧化锰（加热）加热高锰酸钾发生装置

40、：用过氧化氢制取氧气用型，因为；用氯酸钾和高锰酸钾制氧气则用型，因为。收集方法：（氧气不易溶于水）或（氧气的密度比空气）操作步骤：检验与验满：用的小木条放在或，观察木条是否。注意事项：a试管口要 _，以防止 _。b 用排水法收集完毕， 先_再_， 以防止 _。c 在加热高锰酸钾的试管中塞棉花的目的是_。d 向上排空气法收集气体时，导管要伸到集气瓶底是为了_。碳和碳的氧化物考点一、碳单质的物理性质和用途碳单质存在形式主要有、和，由于它们的不同，导致它们在性质上有很大差异。它们之间的转化是变化。1. 金刚石是自然界中的物质，它可用钻探机的钻头是由于它，可做钻石是由于它。2. 石墨是的矿物，有感，可

41、用做， 质软，可做， 有优良的性，可用做等。3. 活性炭具有的结构，有很强的性，可做冰箱 _，防毒面具，自来水厂用活性炭来 _。考点二、单质碳的化学性质：1、常温下，碳的化学性质，随着温度的升高，碳的活动性大大增强。2、可燃性： 氧气充足时， 发生反应：；氧气不足时， 发生反应。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页所以单质碳做燃料时，如果不充分燃烧，不仅浪费燃料，而且还造成_。3、还原性： 在高温条件下， 可与物反应， 夺取氧化物里的_，生成碳的氧化物。（1） 与金属氧化物反应： 焦炭与氧化铁反应的现象是：_ ，化学

42、方程式：_。焦炭与氧化铜反应的现象是：_ ， 化学方程式：_。判断该反应发生的方法是_。（2） 与非金属氧化物反应：高温下碳与CO2反应的化学方程式为_ 。以上两个反应都为_（填吸热或放热）反应。4、碳还原氧化铜的实验注意事项：（1）试管口； （2）酒精灯应用。【易错点】 “碳”、 “炭”的区别：在描述物质组成时用“碳”，如_、_等， “炭”指具体物质，一般指_、_、_等。不同的碳单质因原子的排列方式不同，导致性质不同，但性质是相同的。考点三、二氧化碳的实验室制法1、 实验室制取二氧化碳的药品是_（或）和 _，反应的方程式：_ 。不能用钠碳酸钠代替石灰石的原因是_ ；不能用稀硫酸代替稀盐酸的原

43、因是 _；不能用浓盐酸代替稀盐酸的原因是_。2、 在实验室中，制取气体的装置包括_和_两部分，确定气体发生装置是，应考虑 _和_。 确定气体收集装置是，应考虑气体的 _ （包括 _和_） 。制取 CO2的实验装置可组装如下：其中长颈漏斗下端管口应伸入_以下，形成液封，否则生成的气体会。发生装置内导气管应，是为了。集气瓶内导气管应伸到，是为了。3、 收集 CO2的方法是 _， 因为， 又因为 CO2，所以 CO2不能用法收集。4、检验 CO2的方法是，验满方法是。5、制取 CO2的步骤是 _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共

44、 14 页exchange experience in safety, commend advanced teams and indivi duals; 8, the establishment of the workshop safety management network, regular checking, arrangement of security work, workshop and team security officer role into full play9, issued strict enforcement of labor protection articles

45、, health sta ndards, and do a good job post workers labor protecti on wear, guaranteed post workers safety and health; 10, develop emergency plans and drills are regularly organized. Assistant Superintendent of security responsibilities 1, Director of the workshop on the safety of the unit responsib

46、le, Deputy Director in charge of business-wide security work; 2, seriously carry out the party and the countrys work safety laws, regulations, standards, and research on safety technology, exemplary in the implementation of operational procedures and Safety Manager. 10, develop emergency plans and d

47、rills are regularly organized. Group leaders safety duties 1 and carry out business and workshop on safety instructions and requirements, the teams overall responsibility for the safety and personal safety and health of workers; 2 organize and participate i n security activities, adhere to safety, b

48、efore class to check security, after summing up the security system; 3, responsible for new workers (including internships, a ccompanying staff) job safety, e ducation and the right to st op without the third-level education and safety assessment of qualified workers operate independently; 4, found

49、acci dents signs and accidents take effective measures to prevent the situation from expanding and re porting; shall immediately report the accident and organized rescue, protect the scene, make detailed records, participate in accide nt investigations, organize workers to analyze the cause of the a

50、cci dent, the implementation of preventive measures; 5, engaging in obvious danger or serious violations of the employee shall beentitled to stop the operation of the procedures and arrangements post operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipme