2022年初中英语状语从句. .pdf

《2022年初中英语状语从句. .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初中英语状语从句. .pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、学习必备欢迎下载初中英语状语从句【考点直击】1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, whil e, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。例如：It was rain

2、ing hard when got to school yesterday. Whil e he was doing his homework, the tel ephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a littl e Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middl e school, he went to work in a factory. (2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

3、例如：I ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3) 在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到 时” ，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到 才”, “在 以前不 ”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the l

4、ight went out. Let s wait until the rain stops. We won t start until Bob comes. Don t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句(1) 条件状语从句通常由if, unless 引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don t leave the building unl ess I tell you to. (2) 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I ll help you with yo

5、ur English if am free tomorrow. He won t be late unless he is ill. (3) “ 祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句 ”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or you ll be late. =If you don t hurry up, you ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句(1) 原因状语从句通常由because,

6、 since, as 引导。例如：He didn t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you can t answer the question, I ll ask someone else. (2)because 表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why 提出的问题，只能用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载becaus

7、e。As 和 since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as 和 since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why aren t going there? -Because I don t want to. As he has no car, he can t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can t buy it. (3)because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1) 结果状语从句由sothat, such that, so that 引导。例如：He is so poor that he c

8、an t buy a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn t see it. (2)so that 语 such.that 可以互换。例如：在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “ .so + 形容词（副词） + that + 从句” 。例如：He was so glad that he coul dn t say a word. The hall

9、is so big that it can hol d 2,000 peopl e. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由 such that 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a 或 an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he coul d almo

10、st touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

11、 =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. (3) 如果名词前由many, much, littl e, few 等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用 such。例如：Soon there were so many d eer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can t go to the cinema with you. 5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级+ than 等连词引导。例如：Tom runs f

12、aster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的状语从句(1) 目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we coul d catch the first train. He studies hard so that he coul d work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引导目的

13、状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。 2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句 ) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句 ) 7. 让步状语从句(1) 让步状语从句通常由although, though 等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a l ot. Alth

14、ough I am tired, I must go on working. (2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载我们不能说： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说： Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或 It was raining hard, but he still went out. 8. 地点状语从

15、句地点状语从句常常由where 来引导。例如：Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【实例解析】1. (20XX 年北京市海淀区中考试题) You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案： A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有 if 能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。2. (20XX 年

16、江西省中考试题) -Shall we go on working? -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案： D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though 才能说得通。3. (20XX 年徐州市中考试题) None of us knew what had happened _ they tol d us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 答案： B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在

17、 以前我们没人知道这件事。 ”要表达着一意思应用“ notuntil ”这一句型。4. (20XX 年泉州市中考试题) -I hope you ll enjoy your trip, dear! -Thank you, mum. I ll give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 答案： B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用 as soon as。状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件

18、、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before 条件 If, unless 原因 As, because, since 地点 Where 目的 So that, in order that 结果 So that, sothat, suchthat让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较 than, (not)as as,时间状语从句：Whenever h

19、e comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着，我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语

20、从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say. 学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。例题解析：举一反

21、三，学的更轻松！易混引导词while, when, as 的区别：when 既可以指 时间点 ,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段 ，与延续性动词连用（=while ）。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking. When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. While 表示时间段 ,因此， while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working. As 与 when 用法相似，但着

22、重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有随着 或一边 一边 之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。2Because,as,since 的区别：Because用于表示直接原因,回答 why 提出的问题，语气最强；As 用于说明原因 , 着重点在主句，常译成由于 ；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成既然 。如：Water is very important because we cant live without it. He didnt come yesterday as his mother w

23、as ill. Ill do it for you since you are busy. 3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词 +单数可数名词 +that 2) such+形容词 +复数可数名词 +that 3) such +形容词 +不可数名词 +that 。如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times. It was such good books th

24、at they sell well. It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him. He is such a lovely boy that we all like him. =He is so lovely a boy that we all like him. 注：在 形容词 +可数名词复数 /不可数名词 结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little 表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mis

25、takes that she didnt pass the exam. 练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1.Jim spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich. 2.Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music. 3.-Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold. 4.We wont have supper _my mother comes back. 精选学习资料 -

26、- - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载5.Speak to him slowly _he may understand you better. 6. _ she doesnt come on Sunday, Ill go fishing by myself. 7.It is four years _I had left that small village. 8. _the air moves, it is called wind. 9.We will go to the park _it doesnt rain tom

27、orrow. 10._little boys did _much work. 11.There are few new words in the passage _we cant understand it. 12.Go back _you come from. 13.He reached the station _the train had left. 14.-Do you have a swimming pool? -No, we dont. At least, not _big _yours. 15.Give me your paper _you have finished it. 16

28、.It is raining hard, _we have to stay at home. 17. _you work harder, youll never pass the final exam. 18.Look after te children _I am out. 19.The village is _far away _I cant get there on foot. 20.That is _an interesting book _I cant stop reading it. Keys: 1.though 2.while 3.because 4.until 5. so th

29、at 6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, do 11.but 12.where 13.before 14.as(so), as 15.after 16.so 17.unless 18.while 19.so, that 20.such, that 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载as,which引导的非限制性定语从句由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which可代整个主句，相当于and this或 and that 。As 一般放在

30、句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题1 ）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案 C。此为非限定性从句，不能用that 修饰，而用which. ， it 和 he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he 句意不通。2 ）The wea

31、ther turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案 B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。 That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it 不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3 ）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. asD. it答案 B。as 和 which在引导非限制性定语从句时，

32、这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1 ）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2 ）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which. 。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。As 的用法例1. the same as； such as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例 2. as 可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如 。As we

33、know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As 是关系代词。例1 中的 as 作 know的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know 要用被动式。一、“ as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：My grandmother s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有

34、些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do 和 as / which一起代替。do 可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。3. 句子作先行成分。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句

35、。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。二、“ as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之

36、后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“ as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“ which ”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。三、“ as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能一般说来，as 与 which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。1. 表示结果表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable

37、, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。2. 表示评注表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。3. 有无状语意义“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which ”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“whic

38、h ”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。四、关系代词as 与 which的句法功能1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。as 作主语时， 谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem ），主语补语为usual 、 a rule 、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be 习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be 常略） ， 不及物的行为动词在“ as” 特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. W

39、hich 作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be 省略。2. as 和 which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。3. as 和which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be. “as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which ”从句中则不能主谓倒装。如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was. 4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。whic

40、h可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as 不能作定语。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed. （二）关系代词as 和 which引导的定语从句as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1 、As 和 which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者

41、宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2 、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as 有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John,

42、 as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don t believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which 。(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3 、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not suc

43、h a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that 引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意：定语从句such as 与结果状语从句su

44、ch that 的区别：as 在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that 在结果状语从句中不做成分(6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to by one. ( 三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. ( 四 ) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are

45、very few but understand his idea。( but= who don t ) ( 五 ) 区分定语从句和同位语从句1 、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句2 、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that 引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when

46、, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分(1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3 、 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be 动词发展成一个完整的句子

47、，而定语从句不可以发展成一个完整的句子，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页学习必备欢迎下载(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is t

48、hat the earth moves around the earth. 定语从句介词+ 关系词1 ）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2 ）that 前不能有介词。3 ）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词 + 关系词 结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？

49、还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you remember the day when you joined our club？初中英语祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形 +其他Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。（2）Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！（3）Lets + 动词原形Let s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

50、2. 否定的祈使句(1) Dont + 动词原形Dont stand up. 别站起来。Dont be careless. 别粗心。Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。（2）Lets ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形Lets not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或 wont you 。Please open the door, will/ wont