2022年初级中学二年级英语知识点总结 .pdf

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1、初二英语知识点总结【修正版】：（一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如： It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after

2、 a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+ 主语+do, ? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be , ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句构成： will + not （wo

3、n t ） +do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词 will 主语 , ？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句例：I don t feel well today. （ be better tomorrow）I ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. I m tired now. （ sleep later） _ 3.

4、 My parents need a new car. （buy one soon ） _ 4. We can t leave right now. （ leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _ 答案：1. She ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I ll sleep later. 3. They ll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

5、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. （二） should 的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should 后边加 not. 例如： I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。Students shouldnt

6、spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）I think you should,（2）Well, you could,（3）Maybe you should ,（4）Why dont you,? （5）What about doing sth.? （6）You d better do sth. 用 should 或 shouldn t填空1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before

7、 you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案： 1. should 2. shouldn t3. should 4. should 5. should （三）过去进行时过去进行时表

8、示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 o clock last night. at 9 o clock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词at 8 o clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterda

9、y. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _ （come） into the classroom, she _ _ （re

10、ad） a storybook. 4. She _ _（play ）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call ）me yesterday. 答案： 1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四）间接引语形成步骤：（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉

11、语是一致的）（3）要考虑时态的变化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时 2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. may 间接引语1. was 2. were 3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Pete

12、r told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may ）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案： 1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom ） 2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy

13、） 3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）4. I m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页（五）if引导的条件状语从句结构： if 一般现在时，主语将来时含义：如果 , ，将要,例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。根据中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你

14、参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。 If you _ the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。 If you often _, you _. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 形容

15、词、副词的比较级和最高级、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级一、规则变化1. 一般在词尾直接加er 或 est ， 例如， tall-taller-tallest， long-longer-longest 2. 以不发音的字母e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加r 或 st ，例如， nice-nicer-nicest 3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词，把y 变为 i ，再加 er 或 est ，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest 4. 重读闭音节， 末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母， 再加 er 或 est ，例如，big-bigger-biggest 5. 部分双音节词和多音节词分别

16、在原级前加more 构成比较级和most 构成最高级，例如， slowly-more slowly-most slowly ；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页1. 只能修饰原级的词，very ，quite ，so，too 例如， He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow h

17、im.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2. 原级常用的句型结构(1) “甲 +be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级 +as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如， Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词 +( 倍数)+as+ 副词原级 +as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如， Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2) “甲

18、 +be+not+as/so+ 形容词原级 +as+乙”甲不如乙,例如， This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词 +not+ 动词原形 +as/so+ 副词原级 +as+乙”甲不如乙,例如，He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1. 可以修饰比较级的词，much ，a lot，far ，, 的多a little，a bit，, 一点儿even 甚至， still仍然例如， Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一

19、课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2. 比较级常用的句型结构(1) “甲 +be+(倍数)+ 形容词比较级 +than+乙”表示“甲比乙 , ”或“甲比乙 , 几倍”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页例如， To

20、m is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词 +( 倍数)+ 副词比较级 +than+乙”表示“甲比乙 , ”或“甲比乙 , 几倍”例如， I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2) “甲 +be+形容词比较级 +than+any other+ 单数名词 (+介

21、词短语 )”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/ 物都, ”，含义是“甲最 , ”。例如， The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest rive

22、r in China.长江是中国最长的河流。注意： The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。“甲+实意动词 +副词比较级 +than+anyother+ 单数名词 (+介词短语 )”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/ 物都, ”，含义是“甲最 , ”。例如， Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students

23、 in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班) (3) “甲 +be+the+ 形容词比较级 +of the t

24、wo+, ”表示“甲是两者中较 , 的”。例如， Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页(4) “比较级 +and+比较级”表示“越来越 , ”。例如， He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homew

25、ork more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(5) “the+比较级， the+ 比较级”表示“越 , ，越, ”。例如， The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。(6) “特殊疑问词 +be+形容词比较级，甲or 乙？”例如， Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？“特殊疑问词 +实意动词 +副词比较级，甲or 乙？”例如， Who draws better，Jenny or Danny ？谁画得比较好，

26、詹妮还是丹尼？3. 最高级常用句型结构(1) “主语 +be+the+形容词最高级 +单数名词 +in/of短语”表示“ , 是, 中最, 的”。例如， Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/ 所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果 是五个当中最大的。“主语 +实意动词 +(the)+ 副词最高级 +单数名词 +in/of短语”表示“ , 是, 中最, 的”。例如， I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳

27、得最远的。(2) “主语 +be+oneofthe+ 形容词最高级 +复数名词 +in/of短语”表示“ , 是,中最, 之一”。例如， Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3) “特殊疑问词 +be+the+最高级 +甲，乙， or 丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如， Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页最大，中国，巴西还是

28、加拿大？“特殊疑问词 +be+the+副词最高级 +甲，乙， or 丙？”用于三者以上的比较例如， Which season do you like (the) best，spring ，summer or autumn ？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？二. 完形填空特点及解题思路（一）题型分类与特点完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上

29、看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。 1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。 中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150200 个单词之内，多数设置10 个左

30、右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。 2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。（A） Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“ have a day off ”.

31、 He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复） the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ” The teacher was very surprised, “Didnt you 6 it just now? ”“

32、Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didnt you say May I have two days off? ”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 ushave a day off! ”（）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for （）2. A. thought hardly B. t

33、hought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought （）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页（）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock （）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once （）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do （）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after t

34、omorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday （）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing （）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by （）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching （B）请根据内容从所给的15 个单词中选出最恰当的10 个填入空白处， 使短文完整， 有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, compo

35、sition, understand, to, that, much, for, what A generation gap （代沟） has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （争吵） with parents. I think this is _（3）they don t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _（4）time in the

36、 office. _ （5） they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics （话题） to talk about. I want to _（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _ （8） your parents

37、. They are the people who _（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法） . In this way, you can have a better _（10）of each other. 完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。 2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的

38、语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选， 排除干扰项、初步选定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、 自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做， 最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。 4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇

39、，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。 2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语

40、的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。 3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。（三）课文阅读指导 1. 初中阅读阅读理解能力（1）理解主旨要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义（4）做出简单判断的推理（5）理解文章的基本结构（6）理解作者的意图和态度 2. 培养良好阅读习惯（1）扩

41、大视距（2）克服声读（3）克服逐字读 3. 猜测词文（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。（3）通过语篇标记进行预测（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。（5）利用背景知识预测（6）利用图片进行预测【模拟试题】（答题时间：80 分钟）一. 选择填空。（）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted （）2. Tiger Woods can m

42、ake billions _ dollars a year. A. for B. with C. of D. on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页（）3. You looked so beautiful at the party. _. A. No, I dont think so B. Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, Im not beautiful（）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new word

43、s in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little （）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book. A. that B. what C. how D. if （）6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. I don t agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as im

44、portant as B. so important as C. the more important D. the most important （）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. work B. works C. worked D. will work （）8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票） went down. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke （）9. We should keep _ i

45、n the reading-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly （）10. I think everything goes on well. _. A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I （）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off （）12. I m sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. mi

46、ssed B. left C. put D. forgotten （）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. A. after B. before C. that D. while （）14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less （）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask

47、Mary? Perhaps shes got one. A. do B. don tC. did D. didn t二. 选择恰当的答语。_1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher wont let you in. _2. Will people use paper B. He said I couldn t stay 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页out late. money in the future? _3. I cant

48、sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework. _4. If I wear jeans to school, D. No, they won t. Everyone what will happen? will have a credit card. _5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some relaxing music. 三. 根据汉语提示填空： 1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？I don t know _ to do, can you give me

49、 some _? 2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。 While the alien was _ a souvenir, I _ the police. 3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。 On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。I don t want to talk _ it with you _ the phone. 5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。 We are going to have a _ party for Jo

50、hn _ Friday evening. 四. 完形填空：把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。 Three men went up in a balloon（气球） . They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子） , and it was hanging down from the basket of the