2022年职称英语考试试题理工类“Liquefaction”KeytoMuchofJapaneseEarthquakeDamage .pdf
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1、20XX 年职称英语考试试题理工类:“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage导语: 元宵以后, 20XX 年职称英语考试 时间马上要来到!在历年的职称英语 考试中,专家进行分析,每年考试阅读中有很部分题目是来自职称英语考试教材。为此, 小编为考生整理了一些理工类教材里面的重点职称英语考试试题供考生参考, 希望对考生有帮助!祝学习愉快!“ Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake
2、 in Japan caused a significant level of soil liquefaction2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 severity, a new analysis shows. Weve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 of damage in Japan were unusually severe, said Scott Ashford, a pr
3、ofessor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments, Ashford said. The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 . We saw some places that
4、 sank as much as four feet. Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. Its a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 .
5、But most earthquakes are much 6 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8. With such a long-lasting earthquake, we
6、saw 7 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes, he said. And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 filled ground, are much more vulnerable. The data provided by analyzing the
7、 Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9. Theres no doubt that well
8、 learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 , Ashford said. Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns. Ash
9、ford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction -on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The young sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名
10、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities. Anything 13 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an
11、earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse -even as they tilted and sank into the ground. 词汇:subduction /s?bd?k?n/ n俯冲sediment
12、 /sedim?nt/ n沉积;沉淀物liquefaction /likwif?k?n/ n液化infrastructure /Infr?,str?kt?/ n 基础设施geotecnical /d?i?uteknik?l adj 岩土技术compaction /k?mp?k?n/ n 压紧的vulnerable /v?ln?r?bl/ ad 易受伤害的注释:1. subduction zone:俯冲带。亦称下降带、潜没带、消亡带。板块构造说认为,当大洋板块移动并与大陆板块相遇时,由于大洋板块岩石密度较大,地位也低, 便俯冲到大陆板块之下,这一俯冲部分叫做俯冲带。俯冲带两侧板块会聚边界称会聚边
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