2022年选修六unit3知识点 .pdf

《2022年选修六unit3知识点 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年选修六unit3知识点 .pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、U3(选修六 ) 1.abuse n. 1滥用 ,妄用；虐待，辱骂2弊病，陋习vt. 滥用 ,妄用 ,虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力。Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drug abuse 滥用毒品child abuse 虐待儿童abuse one s position / power 滥用职权 /权利abuse a privilege 滥用特权2. stress 1n. 1压力 ; 重音 ,重读be under (the) stress (of) 在压

2、力下suffer from stress 遭受压力The stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的 压力和紧张 . 2强调 , 重要性e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education. 2vt. 加压力于 ; 重读 ; 强调e.g. He stressed the importance of the task. 3.ban 1n.禁令 ,禁止a ban on sth 2vt.禁止 , 取缔ban sb. from (doing) sth. 颁布禁令Put/imp

3、ose a ban 颁发 /解除禁令lift a ban 确立禁令e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags. 4. due to 归因于 , 归功于e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。be due to do sth定于某时做某事e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow 可以被caused by 所代替The train is due in five minutes.(

4、预定的，预期的My rent isn t due till Wednesday.到期的，立即支付的In due course 在适当的时候after due consideration 经适当考虑之后精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页拓展：because of “由于 ”, 较口语化，只作状语owing to 较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开thanks to “多亏了 ” ，多用于正面的意义as a result of “因为 ”as a result 副短 , “因此 ”therefore 副词 , “因此 ”so 并

5、列连词 , “因此 ”because of ,due to , owing to , on account of 和 thanks to 的用法比较这一词都表示 “ 由于 ” 的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别：1because of意为 “ 由于，因为 ” ，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。如： We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。2owing to 与 because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修

6、饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如：They decided to cancel the flight ，owing to the storm由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。His death was owing to an accident他死于一场事故。3due to 引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。不用于句首。如：This accident was due toowing to his careless driving 这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。He arrived latedue

7、 to owing to the storm 由 于 暴 风 雨 他 来 晚 了 。Mistakes due tocarelessness may have serious consequences由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。4on account of 与 because of，owing to 同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不作定语。 如：He could not come on account of his illness他因病不能前来。That was on account of l ack of exercise那是由于缺乏锻炼。5thanks to 表示 “

8、幸亏，多亏 ” 多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。如： Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。1The wire 金属丝 is tougher than that. (坚韧的，不易磨损的2You need to be tough enough to survive 生存 in the jungle. 坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的3 a tough criminal 罪犯粗暴的，凶暴的4tough measures to deal with terrorism 恐怖主义强硬的，严厉的5a tough as

9、signment 任务 / problem / choice 棘手的，困难的6a tough steak牛排硬的，老的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页1)V. 1.The dress doesnt fit me.适合2.We can t fit any more chairs into the room. 容纳3. be fitted with handles安装4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。(与相一致，相协调2)A

10、dj. keep fit 保持健康be fit for / to do 对.合适The book is fit (suitable) for children. The fresh air is fit to breath . 反义词： unfit be unfit for / to do 区分 fit , suit, match These shoes don t fit me. Have you got a larger size? 这鞋我穿不合适。你们有大点的吗？That haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你。The carpets should match the c

11、urtains. 地毯应该和窗帘相配。You can t match him in his knowledge of wild plants. 在野生植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。7. addicted adj. “对某某上瘾 ” , “沉湎于某某 ” e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直不可救药了。构词法：addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾addictive adj. 使人上瘾的addict 常用于以下结构：addict oneself

12、 to sth. 沉溺于某物be addicted to sth. 专心做某事 ;上了 .的瘾be addicted to doing sth. Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son had _ drug for long. A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to D 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页8. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯e.

13、g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。常用句式：1) accustom+名词 /oneself + to+名eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to 适应 新环境。2) be accustomed to +名词e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯 与长距离步行。3) get/become/be accustomed to +名词e.g. Yo

14、u will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会 习惯 于这个工作。同义词组： be / get / become used to 注意 : 在英语中 , to 有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形; 有时用作介词, 后跟名词、 代词、 或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词。stick to 坚持lead to 导致 , 通向pay a visit to 参观sentence sb. to 宣判某人come to 谈到 , 涉及see to 处理，负责be up to 总计devote to 致力于 get down to 开始/着手be oppose

15、d to / object to 反对be devoted to 致力于，献身于be attached to adjust (adapt) tobe exposed to look forward to pay attention to attend to contribute to turn to admit to when it comes to 9.withdraw v. withdrawal n. The general refused to withdraw his troops. 收回，撤回She withdrew all her savings and left the coun

16、try. 取钱，提款10. quit v. 过去式和过去分词quit,现在分词 quitting, +doing 形式 , 表“ 停止做 ” e.g. She quit smoking when she got pregnant. 她一怀孕就戒了烟。归类记忆 :以下动词只能用-ing 形式作宾语admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny , forbid(禁止 ), fancy( 想象 ), finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, delay, d

17、islike, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, postpone(推迟 ), practice, quit, resist( 抵抗 ), risk , suggest, tolerate, understand eg： I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time (for sb) to do sth. t s time for us to study hard. 该是我们认真学习的时候了It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. should 不可

18、省It is/was)the first (second ) time that sb. have/has/had done sth. It s high time that we studied/should study hard. It s the first time that my classmates and I have got together. 昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页11.do/does/did+动词原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示强调。注意：只用于强调谓语动

19、词。I do hope so because I want you to liveDo be careful when crossing the street. He does speak English well. 强调谓语以外的成分可使用：It is/was that It was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping. It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class. 12. neither/nor +be/ 助动词 /情态动词 , 表示否认的情况so +be/助动词 /情态动词，

20、表示肯定的情况。She doesn t like English, neither do I.I have mastered the use of it, so have she. 注意区分： so+主语 +助动词-She finished all the homework yesterday. -So she did.-她昨天把所有的作业完成了。-她确实都完成了。13.decide 1.decide+名词 /代词The question will be decided by themselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2.decide to do Last week, a group of

21、Class 3 students decided to go to the museum. 3.decide+从句Lets first decide where we should go.(=Lets first decide where to go.) It is not decided whether we will go there. It is decided that. ：It is decided that we should start tomorrow. 注：这种从句要用虚拟语气。4.跟介词短语 (跟 on 或 upon，表示 “ 就某事做出决定”)：Dont decide o

22、n important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。decision n. make a decision =determine to do / be determined to do =make up one s mind (s) to do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页14. feel like+doing 想要 , 只表示一次的想法e.g. It s so hot today. I feel like going swimming. 今天好热啊 , 我想去游泳。摸

23、起来像 , 像是 e.g. The material feels like silk. 丝绸It feels like rain. 15.every time 在此句中引导时间状语，表示“ 每次 的时候 ”Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她，她总是忙于工作。以下用法均可做连词：the first time 第一次 的时候the moment/minute/instant/immediately/instantly/directly 一 . 就.every time=each time 每次 的时候last

24、 time 上次next time 下次by the time 到为止I fell in love with him the first time I saw him. 第一次见到他的时候，我就喜欢他了。The last time I saw her, she was working. 最后一次见到她的时候，她正在工作。I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假，我总是去看我最好的朋友。16.remind v. 提醒，使某人想起. remind sb of sth remind sb to to r

25、emind sb thate.g. The story reminded me of an experience I once lived. You must remind him to take his medicine ,in case he forgets. Please remind me that I must return the book before noon. 17.ashamed adj. 羞辱，耻辱，尴尬e.g. She is ashamed to ask such a simple question. 相关短语 ：be ashamed of sb./ sth be as

26、hamed thatbe ashamed to do What a shame! (pity) 多遗憾啊！It s a shame (pity) that .真是遗憾18. in spite of 尽管 , 虽然，不顾。后接名词=despite) eg. She can t see very well in spite of her glasses. (despite) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。Despite (In spite of) the fact that we t

27、ried our best, we didn t win.同义： regardless of 不管，不顾，不理会He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other people s feelings.The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion. Though / Although / Even if Even though it s hard work, I enjoy it.Young as / though

28、 I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 19. get into 陷于 , 染上什么习惯get into the habit of 养成什么习惯 相当于 fall into the habit of或者 form the habit of e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。短语联想：get into trouble 惹上麻烦get into debt 负债累累get along

29、 / on withget away with侥幸逃脱 ( 惩罚get down get inget throughget offget over get together 20. at risk=in danger 在危险中take risks/ a risk ，冒险run the risk of 冒险 (做某事 ) at the risk of 冒 的危险 /风险at your own risk 自担风险21.survival n.幸存survive v. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者Of the four people in the car accident,only one su

30、rvived.Many customs have survived fromHe felt lucky to have survived22.possible, probable, likely 的用法It s possible that It s possible (for sb) to doIt s probable that sth is probable It s likely that. 主语 +be likely to do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页23.prejudice n. 偏见pride

31、 and prejudice 傲慢与偏见She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见。They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees. 他们指责他歧视女雇员。A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice. 一项反对种族歧视的新法律已被提出。24.judgement n. 判断judge v. 判断in one s judgement依判断judge.from / by 依判断 judging by / from在句中作状语 ) In my judgement , he is guilty. We can t judge a book by its cover. Judging from his skin, he comes from Africa. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页