2022年第六讲分隔式定语从句详解 .pdf

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1、第六讲定语从句与先行词分隔通常，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，但在具体的运用中， 往往也出现有定语从句与先行词被分隔的现象。 有时是为了行文的需要， 定语从句和它所修饰的先行词被谓语， 状语，第一后置定语等成分所分隔；有时是为了增加语言的灵活性和丰富性，在定语从句中经常使用插入语， 尤其是在关系词和其引导的从句之间。解此类试题，找准先行词是关键；忽略掉插入语，题就变得简单了。一、定语从句与先行词分隔的形式1、定语从句被谓语分隔Many forms of apparatus （装置，仪器） have been devised （设计） by which a more accurate （精确的）kn

2、owledge of blood pressure （压力）can be obtained （获得） 人们已经设计出许多医疗器械， 通过这些医疗器械， 可以对血压有一个更为精确的了解。分析： 先行词是 apparatus ， 被by which 后面的定语从句修饰have been devised分隔了先行词和定语从句。 不分隔的语序是： Many forms of apparatus by which a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained have been devised 显然，句子头重脚轻。2、 被状语分隔

3、：Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face 当面不愿说的话，千万不要在背后说。分析：先行词是 anything ，定语从句 that you wouldnt say to his face 被状语behind a persons back分隔。 I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页factory whose job was

4、 to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result 我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过六个工人，他们的工作是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅。分析： 先行词是 men， whose job 后面引导的是定语从句， 被状语 in a chair factory所分隔。 Temperature plays the same part in the flow of heat that pressure does in the flow of fluids 温度在热的传导中所起的作用和压力在液体的

5、流动中所起的作用相同。分析：先行词是 part，定语从句 that pressure does in the flow of fluids，被状语in the flow of heat所分隔。3、被补语分隔 ：The cook turned pale ，and asked the housemaid to shut the door， who asked Brittles ， who asked the tinker ， who pretended not to hear 厨子的脸色变得苍白， 要女仆把门关上， 女仆叫布立特尔关， 布立特尔又叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听见。分析：先行词是 th

6、e housemaid ，who asked 后面引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the housemaid ，定语从句和先行词被补语to shut the door 分隔。4、 被同位语分隔 ： One was a violent thunderstorm ， the worst I had ever seen ，which obscured my objective有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。分析：先行词是 thunderstorm ，定语从句被 the worst I had ever seen分隔。5、被插入语分隔 ：Is there anyone

7、 you can think of who may know which hospital he was sent to ？你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页分析：先行词是 anyone ，who 后面引导定语从句，被you can think of 分隔。6、被非从句定语分隔 ：Singapore is at the start of a long road，already well trodden in the west ，that leads to such sol

8、utions as shelter and rest homes新加坡眼下正踏上一条西方国家早已走了很远的漫长道路，即最终建立收容所和休养院来解决问题。分析： 先行词 road， that leads 后面的定语从句修饰road,被 already well trodden in the west 分隔。Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before ？这难道不就意味着，鱼儿很快就可能学会避开那些它们常见的鱼钩上的食物吗？分析：先行词

9、 food，that they have seen before定语从句被 on hooks 分隔。7、先行词所带的非从句定语常需置于定语从句之前而造成先行词与定语从句分隔：There was something original，independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them 这个方案有创造性，而且别出心裁，又有魅力，所以深得他们的喜欢。分析： 先行词 something ， 非从句定语 original ， independent and heroic about the plan 位于定语从句 that ple

10、ased all of them之前，分隔了先行词和定语从句。 No doubt there are questions of principle（原则）involved which can not be ignored and underestimated无疑，这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原则问题。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页分析： 先行词 questions ， which can 后面的定语从句被 f principle involved分隔。二、定语从句分隔其他句子成分1.定语从句对主谓结构的分隔The

11、 country life he was used to _ greatly since the opening policy. Changed B. has changed C. Changing D. having changed 分析：句中 he was used to 为定语从句，修饰先行词即主句的主语，而不能对其后的谓语起任何作用，因此整个句子缺少谓语动词，故答案为B. 2.定语从句对宾补结构的分隔。Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ go wrong again. repaired

12、B. it repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 分析：仔细分析整个句子，可以看出该题考查have sth. done 结构。解此题的难点在于定语从句 (that which) she had had repaired 把宾语与宾补分隔开来。that which 在从句中作宾语被省略了，repaired 作宾语补足语。所以选A. 3.定语从句对定语结构、状语结构的分离Can you tell me the way you thought of _ the problem ？A. working at B. to work out C. to work

13、for D. working out 分析： 此题考查的是双层定语。 即 you thought of 为限制性定语从句， to work out 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页the problem 为后置定语，这两部分都用来限制宾语the way . 该题如果忽视了定语 从句的分隔作用，极容易误选D 项。正确答案为 B。The young student did all that he could _ the examinations. A.pass B. to pass C. passing D. pass

14、ed 分析: that he could (do) 是定语从句，修饰all。 to pass the examinations 在句中作目的状语。所以答案为B。4、定语从句对一些固定句式。You can t imagine the hard time she had _ the children. A. bringing up B. to bring up C. growing D. brought up 分析： 结合题意和词义，可以断定句中的 she had 是定语从句，修饰前面的 time。将其还原正常句式则为：She had the hard time (in) bringing up

15、the children .所以答案为 A。5. 定语从句对强调句的分隔。It is near the place _ there is a bomb _ we found the dead man. A.where; where B. where ; that C. that ; where D. that; that 分析：该题考查的是含定语从句的强调结构。where there is bomb 是定语从句，故正确的答案为 B。很多同学容易误选C. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页6. 定语从句对独立结构的分隔

16、With everything she needed _ , she went home happily . A.to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy 分析：该题考查 with 复合结构的用法，其中定语从句(that) she needed 的使用极容易干扰学生的思维，造成错选。正确答案为C。三、定语从句与先行词分隔的原因1、为了保持句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻” ，将定语从句与先行词分隔，例如：MrLeon said in the future，computer would be developed which would be small enough to

17、carry in the pocket利昂先生说，将来会生产出小得可以放在口袋里的计算机。 2、为了突出或强调主句中的主谓结构所表达的意义，将定语从句与先行词分隔，例如：Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries ，who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective govern- ments 中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国，以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。 The day is not far off when a lot of housework

18、 can be done by machine 大量家务活由机器来干的日子不远了。四、与先行词分隔的定语从句的汉译1、将定语从句译为汉语“的”字结构，置于先行词之前 ，例如： Yet there exist 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页com plex computations in science and engineer-ing which people are unable to make 到目前为止， 在科学和工程方面还存在许多人们无能为力的复杂计算。He merely swallows this th

19、eory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century m entality他全盘接受这一理论，只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合二十世纪心理的东西。I think it is clear that each side entertainssuspicions of the other which are unjust我认为双方显然相互怀着没有正当理由的猜疑。2、 将定语从句单独译为一个分句， 例如： There is som ebody waiting for you who I think mi

20、ght be one of your friends from your native town有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能就是你家乡的一位朋友。The molecules exert forces upon each other ，which depend upon the distance between them 分子相互之间存在着力的作用，该力的大小取决于它们的距离。The result of this is the retention of too much air in the respiratory tract at each expiration which prevent

21、s the fresh air from being taken in at the next inhalation from reaching the lung alveoli其结果就是在每次呼气时呼吸道里保留过多的空气，这样就在下次吸气时妨碍吸入的新鲜空气抵达肺泡里。3、 将定语从句与先行词溶合译出， 例如： He is a wise man who speaks little 智者言少。 No method is known by which it is possible to create energy out of nothing 大家知道，根本没有什么方法能够凭空创造能量经典练习：

22、（下列习题比较经典，请注意体会理解）1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 2.I can t find Mr. Liu. Where did you meethim this morning ? -It was in the hotel _ he

23、 stayed. A. that B. which C. the one D. where 3.You can hardly imagine the difficulty she had _ enough evidence（证据）to prove the case. A. collected B. to collect C. collecting D. to have collected 4.Will you please tell me the way you thought of _ the cold? A. get rid of B. to get rid of C. getting r

24、id of D. got rid of 5.The war and the suffering _ caused affected him greatly. A. where B. it C. which D. what 6.He was nearly drowned once. -When was _? -_ was in 1988 _ he was in middle school. A. that; It; when B. This; This; When C. this; It; that D. that; It; that 7.The day we had been looking

25、forward to _ at last. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页A. come B. came C. coming D. arriving 8.It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which; where C. that; where D. which; that 9.The more ways we have _ at a prob

26、lem, the more likely it is that we can find a solution. A. looked B. of looking C. look D. seeing 答案： 1A.解析：此题结构比较复杂， 语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的：they would like to see the next year是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句，而在这个定语从句中，省略了作动词see 的宾语的关系代词that（指代 the plan ） ，所以定语从句的本来面目便是they would like to see the pla

27、n_the next year. 显然，其中的the plan 与横线处的 carry out 有被动关系，故应填过去分词carried out.2D.3C解析 句子的顺序有所改变考察的是 have diifficulty in(可以省略 doing sth4B 解析：work out 表示解决问题， you thought of 为 定语从句the way to do .的办法5B（仔细思考一下为何不选which? ）6A,7B,8D,9B.解析：we have 是修饰 way 的定语从句， 考察的是 the way of doing sth 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页