2022年名词性从句讲解及专项练习习题及其解答 .pdf
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1、精品资料欢迎下载名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that 与 what 的区别3. 考查 it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查 whether 与 if 的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、
2、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词: that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词: when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that, whether, if 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever,whoever 以及连接副词how,w
3、hen,where,why 等词引导。 that 在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it
4、 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词+ that 从句(2) It + be + 形容词+ that 从句(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that 从句(4) It + 不及物动词+ that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do ” ,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame,
5、 no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that 引导的宾语从句由连接词that 引导宾语从句时,that 在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时 ,第二个分句前的that 不可省。例如:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tom
6、orrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。注意:在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚
7、持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总
8、是在想怎样能把工作做好。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether 与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用 if:a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“ or n
9、ot”时; e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)I know
10、 (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)当主句动词是过去时态(could, would 除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上
11、述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if 引导。其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that 从句。例如:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didn t come to the meet
12、ing. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的,当主语是reason 时,表语从句要用that 引导而不是because。例如:The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information 、mess
13、age 、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。例如:The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that 作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,
14、充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that 引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here (that 引导同位语从句,不能省略)Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece ?( that 引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)20XX 年高考题1.( 10 福建 35) We should respect food and think about the people who
15、don t havewe have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 答案: C 考点:宾语从句解析:空格在句中充当宾语2.( 10 湖南 35) Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页
16、,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载答案 D 考点:考查名词性从句。解析:该空引导宾语从句,根据句意“ 办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气” 可判断选 D 项。3.( 10 天津 14)As a new graduate, he doesn t know it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which 答案:B 考点:考查名词性从句。句意:作为一名新毕业生,他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。解析:空格后的从句中takes 是动词,其后缺少宾语,所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。主语从句4.( 10 北京)som
17、e people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 答案: B 考点 : 本题考查主语从句。句意:一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。解析:从句中缺宾语,只能用B. what 来引导 . C.中的 That 引导主语从句不做成分。5 (10 浙江 1)How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, you want. Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever
18、 答案: C 考点:本题考查引导词。解析:句意: “ 这个周末野营怎么样,来点新鲜的?”“好啊,按你的意思吧!” 根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。6 (10 浙江 9) It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether 答案: B 考点:本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析:根据句意:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物,但是,它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side ef
19、fect 意思是“ 副作用 ” ,还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about _ side effect 。故选择 what, 形容词 “ 什么样的 ” ,起修饰作用。同位语从句7.( 10 上海 36)One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 答案: A 考点:此处考查的是同位语从句。解析:考察that 引导同位语从句的
20、用法。此处that 不可以省略。8. (10 湖北 74) The news _(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall) 答案: that the housing price will fall 考点:同位语从句解析:用“that ” 引导同位语从句,“ 房价 ” 译成 “housing price”。宾语从句9. (10 山东 26) Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming
21、 season. A. why B. what C. how D. which 答案 :B 考点:本题考查宾语从句的引导词。解析:句意应为“ 在大甩卖开始前,我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。 ” 分析句式结构可知,空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当 need的宾语,所以B 项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载要有一个明确的范围。10.(10 上海 37)When changing lanes, a driver should use
22、 his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 答案: B 考点:本题考查宾语从句。解析: which 引导的句子做know 的宾语,句子用陈述语序。11 (10 四川 14)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with ,
23、whether his friends or relativesAwhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 答案: B 考点:考查介词后的宾语从句。解析:根据句末的whether his friends or relatives 可知应是和谁去,故选B。句意为 “ 一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去,无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”12. (10 全国 33) We haven t discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where 答案: D 句意:我们还没有讨论
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