考研英语语法长难句英语一：01语法讲义-简单句.docx

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1、第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第一节简单句的核心构成简单句的核心构成n.+v.主语谓语11谓语 v.分类1. 有实义（1） 不及物动词 vi.一主谓（2） 及物动词 vt.一主谓宾一主谓双宾一主谓宾补2. 无实义一（连）系动词一主系表 主谓Everybody else loses.2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B考研语法（英 语 一） Smaller species survived.2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3 主谓宾Everybody loves a fat pay rise.2005, Rea

2、ding Comprehension, Part A Text 1Yet science has a cultural history, too.2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 主谓双宾They gave justices permanent positions.2012, Use of English railroads

3、charged all customers the same average rate.2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3They gave permanent positions to justices . 主谓宾补You always keep your eyes open.2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1The spooks call it open source intelligence, .2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 主系表“

4、这是一个险的游戏。,This i a dangerous game .2005, Reading Com rehension, Part A Text 2主系表 系动词1. be 动词单独使用2. getbecometurngogrow“变得,3. looksoundsmelltastefeel感官动词“看听闻尝感觉起来,4. seemappear / keepremain /prove many discussions are not so successful.2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B their behavior became markedl

5、y different.2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text1And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability.2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3The prospect seems remote.2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 unification of sorts remains a major goal.2012, Translation简单句的核心构成谓语

6、v.分类1. 有实意（1） 不及物动词 vi.一主谓（2） 及物动词 vt.一主谓宾一主谓双宾一主谓宾补2. 无实意一（连）系动词一主系表简单句的核心构成 真题演练These views of arguments also undermine reason.2019, Reading Comprehension, Part BMore apparent reasonableness followed.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 they suddenly became extinct.2006, Reading Comprehensio

7、n, Part A Text 3 poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure.2008, Translation our president calls himself “the Decider,.2009, Reading Comprehension, Pa t A Text 1简单句的核心构成 考场攻略攻略 1: 简化句子 不及物动词A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.2010, Translation攻略 2: 找到

8、分裂结构 及物动词On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge .2008, TranslationOn the other hand, he did not accept ? as well founded the charge . On the other hand, he did not accept the charge as well founded.2008, Translation攻略 3: 判断从句宾语从句及物动词后表语从句系动词后第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第二节简单句的核心变化：谓语动词的

9、时态主语+谓语 V. 4 种变化： 时态 目态 语态 否定谓语动词的时态时态?如何体现? 一共多少种?时态过去现在将来过去将来一般进行完成完成进行一般过去时谓语动词 did India released its AI eth cs strategy this spring.2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3 this city was one of the large t human settlements in the world.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B一般现在时谓语动词 do / does T

10、he goal is new-search, not re-search.2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3一般现在时谓语动词 do / does But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2 Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.2001, Translation一般将来时谓语动词 will doam/is/are going

11、 to do We will have a less civil society.2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4 Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill?2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3一般将来时谓语动词 will doam/is/are going to do the problems will be different.2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1一般将来时谓语动词 will doam

12、/is/are going to do Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.2005, Translation一般过去将来时 谓语动词 would dowas/were going to do They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in pow

13、er .2012, Use of English一般过去将来时 谓语动词 would dowas/were going to do it s mply didnt foresee what would happen next.2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2一般时态：一般过去时did一般现在时do / does一般将来时will doam/is/are going to do一般过去将来时 would dowas/were going to do过去进行时谓语动词 was/were doing He was searching for tin

14、y engraved seals.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B过去进行时谓语动词 was/were doing Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the b ard of Hartford Financial Services Group.2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2现在进行时谓语动词 am/is/are doing Home prices are holding steady in most regions.2004

15、, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3 The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2将来进行时谓语动词 will be doing Now, rivals will be charging sales tax2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4进行时态：谓语动词 be + doing过去完成时谓语动词 had done

16、 He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.2006, Reading Comprehension, Part B过去完成时谓语动词 had done The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.2013, Use of English过去完成时谓语动词 had done he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his

17、mind had changed during the pre eding twenty or thirty years.2008 Translation过去完成时谓语动词 had done Roman Catholicism had been the state religion.2007, Use of English现在完成时谓语动词 have/has don The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.2017, Reading Comprehension

18、, Part A Text 3现在完成时谓语动词 have/has done For the most part, the response has bee favorable .2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1现在完成时谓语动词 have/has done Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad.2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B补充：just / ev

19、er / never / also区别：现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时宏观上 the response has been favorable the response was favorable 微观上1 现在全部完成，可以换成过去时He has left, so I cannot find him now. He left two hours ago.2 现在部分完成，不能换成过去时We have learned English for 15 years. We learned English for 15 years.将来完成时谓语动词 will have done relaxation

20、will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.2001, Translation完成时态：谓语动词 have + done现在完成进行时谓语动词 have/has been doing Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4完成进行时态：谓语动词 have been doing谓语动词的时态 练习The use of this little-know

21、n practice has accelerated in recent years2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2Readers are migrating away from print anyway.2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.2006, Use of EnglishMy wife and I lectured about this loom

22、ing danger twenty years ago.2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2A team of researchers would submit the results of their research to a journal.2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other.2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3第一部分简

23、单句第一章简单句的核心第二节简单句的核心变化：谓语动词的目态主语+谓语 V. 4 种变化： 时态 目态 语态 否定谓语动词的目态目态?目态动词 + 动词原形现在时过去时must无cancouldwillwouldshallshouldmaymight目态动词动词原形目态动词的时态变化有限目态动词的人称变化无 目态动词变否定疑问1 目态动词表示“目态, must必须Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions.2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3 can / could能够/可以

24、and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.2014, Use of English will / would将要/愿意The first draft will appear on the page.2008, Reading Comprehension, Part BPotential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3

25、 may / might可以/可能 expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.2011, Use of EnglishSuch bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress.2011, Use o English should应该Those suffering from p rsistent nightmares should seek help from a thera

26、pist.2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text 32 目态动词表示“推测The details may be unknowable.2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4 this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional, social, and personal wellbeing.2014, Use of English目态动词 + do目态动词 + be doing目态动词 +

27、have done the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading interpretation of what happened.2010, Use of English the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world.2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B目态动词 + 动词原形1 表示“目态,2 表示“推测,谓语动词的目态 真题演

28、练Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3 but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.2012, Reading Compreh

29、ension, Part A Text 3 we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text 2Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next.2008, Reading Comprehension, Part B第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第二节简单句的核心变化：谓语动词的语态主语+谓语 V. 4 种变化： 时态 目态 语态 否定谓语动词的

30、语态语态?主动语态 vs. 被动语态谓语动词的被动语态be+done 2 被动的时间1 被动的动作3 主语的单复数“不幸地是，这些评论家（现在）都被遗忘了。” Unfortunately, these critics .这些评论家（过去）被遗忘了。These critics were forgotten.这些评论家（现在）被遗忘。These critics are forgotten.这些评论家将会（现在的将来）被遗忘。These critics will be forgotten.这些评论家过去将会（过去的将来）被遗忘。These critics would be forgotten.这些评

31、论家过去正在被遗忘。These critics were being forgotten.这些评论家现在正在被遗忘。These critics are being forgotten.这些评论家过去已经（过去的之前）被遗忘了。These critics had been forgotten.这些评论家现在已经（现在的之前）被遗忘了。These critics have been forgotten. 被动语态与时态的结合For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.2010, Use of EnglishThe truth will

32、not be known for years.2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2Attempts have been made to control this inflation2019, Reading Comprehension, Part C 被动语态与目态的结合In the internet age, at least in theory

33、, this fraction can be much reduced.2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2Those first few days should be spent looking for work.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1谓语动词的语态 练习By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.2006, Reading Comprehen

34、sion, Part A Text 1A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide.2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.2008, Reading Comprehension, Part BWithin the next decade or two, one to two billion peop

35、le on the planet will be netted together.2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第二节简单句的核心变化：否定与强调主语+谓语 V. 4 种变化： 时态 目态 语态 否定谓语动词的否定1 实义动词变否定do/does/did not 动词原形2 助动词和目态动词否定

36、助动词和目态动词not（be 动词、目态动词、完成时态中的 have 等）1 实义动词变否定American professors did not possess one.2011, Reading Comprehension, Part BThey do not fund peer-reviewed research.2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3 it doesnt work very well for very long.2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 12 助动词和目态动词变否定To

37、 be sure, the future is not all rosy.2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor .2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 average height hasnt really changed since 1960.2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3谓语动词的强调do/does/did + 动词原形Al

38、though the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter.2006, Use of Eng ishBut science does provide us with te best available guide to the future2005, Reading Comprehension Pa t A, Text 2The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful, and“nasty.,2017

39、, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4简单句谓语动词的变化 考场攻略攻略 1: 定位谓语动词，确定长难句中包含了几件事The same dramatic technological changes thathave provided marketers with morecommunications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more d

40、amaging ways.2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3攻略 2: 定位谓语动词，准确找到主语 national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds - including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate - varied from around 4% to 25%; .2013, Reading C

41、omprehension, Part B第一部分简单句第一章简单句的核心第二节简单句的核心变化：主宾表主语+谓语 V. + 宾语/表语 4 种变化 名词/代词 doing to do 并列多个doing 作主宾表语doing 作主语. suffering is inevitable.2014, TranslationMaking friends is extremely important to teenagers.2003, Use of EnglishOn the other h nd, putting your faith in the wrong place often carries

42、 a high price.2018, Use of Englishdoing 作宾语Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1Thinking is essentially a process of making connectio s in the brain.2014, Use of Englishto do 作主语 to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a d fficult prog

43、ramming problem.2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.To do so is important. It is important to do so.2002, Use of English it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 It takes sb. some time to do sth.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1 to do 作宾语They may then decide to go elsewhere.2011, Reading Comprehension, Part BThe decisions made it more difficult