考研英语田静语法长难句英语一：02语法讲义--长难句分析_完整版.docx

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1、第三部分长难句分析考研语法（英 语 一）第一章基本结构的长难句分析第一节 断开长难句第二节 简化长难句第二章特殊结构的长难句分析长难句多个句子/多件事简单句的核心一件事的核心内容简单句一个句子一件事断开简化1 标点 2 连接词 3 分析主谓断开长难句：一、标点The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Its hard to imagine that many people are

2、dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sec

3、tor is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)二、连接词并列连词：and but or 从属连词：because if while although as 关系词：that how wh 从

4、句开始于连接词，结束于三种位置：（一）结束于标点（二）结束于下一个连接词前（三）结束于第二个谓语动词前One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economicsminded foresters b

5、ecause they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(2010, Translation)Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)

6、But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on businessmethod patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first

7、authorized 10 years ago.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Until now, many selle

8、rs that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of

9、 the significance of what they are doing.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a wouldbe lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors t

10、o achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)第一章基本结构的长难句分析第一节 断开长难句第二节 简化长难句第二章特殊结构的长难句分析断开长难句：三、分析主谓主谓主谓主主谓谓The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, . (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)Allens contribu

11、tion was to take an assumption we all share (2011, Translation)When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political. (2012, Use of English)The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from a broad

12、range of factors beyond conventional paid media.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)断开长难句： 分析主谓 练习 the way you present yourself has an impact. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. (2005, Reading Comprehension,

13、Part A, Text 3)But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text

14、1)第一章基本结构的长难句分析第一节 断开长难句第二节 简化长难句简化长难句核心：主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、补语非核心：形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、同位语、插入语等During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds including government, higher education, nonprofit and corporate varied from arou

15、nd 4% to 25%; .(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Curbs on businessmethod claims would be a dramatic aboutface, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the socalled State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual fund a

16、ssets.(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys management especially after the company

17、made misleading statements about the pipe.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)简化长难句 练习From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)The coming of age o

18、f the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)F

19、or example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part B)断开+简化长难句 考场攻略攻略：

20、长难句“两步分析法”The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part

21、 A Text 3)第一章 基本结构的长难句分析第二章 特殊结构的长难句分析第一节 分裂结构第二节 嵌套结构第三节 平行结构分裂结构一、插入式的分裂结构二、从句后移式的分裂结构Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part

22、A Text 2)These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on

23、its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.(2010, Translation)Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.(2010, Use of English)But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the companys applic

24、ation, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)分裂结构 练习What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would mimic the way humans think, continues to elude scientists.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Though

25、 typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, todays people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.(2008, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encour

26、aged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.(2001, Cloze Test)Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)George Annas, chair of the health law department at

27、 Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.(2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)分裂结构 考场攻略攻略：如何解决分裂结构1 同位语、插入语的插入Bob Liodice, the chief executi

28、ve of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.(2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2 状语从句的插入Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integri

29、ty, they are entitled to continuance.(2010, Translation)3 从句后移Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.(2010, Use of English)攻略：如何解决分裂结构1 同位语、插入语的插入2 状语从句的插入3 从句后移第一章 基本结构的长难句分析第二章 特殊结构的长难句分析第一节 分裂结构第二节 嵌

30、套结构第三节 平行结构嵌套结构The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate.(2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivise th

31、at kind of science.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part C)It hoped they would learn how shopfloor lighting affected workers productivity. (2010, Use of English)嵌套结构 练习Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B)A few gener

32、ative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of alanguage, which is why children can learn it so quickly. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part C)That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the bioma

33、ss of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)嵌套结构 考场攻略攻略：如何理清嵌套结构It hoped they would learn how shopfloor lighting affected workers productivity. (2010, Use of English)第一章 基本结构的长难句分析第二章 特殊结构的长难句分析第一节 分裂结构第二节 嵌套结构第三节 平行结构平行结构一、名词（词组）的平行并列二、动词的

34、平行并列（谓语动词、非谓语动词） 三、介词短语的平行并列四、句子的平行并列一、名词（词组）的平行并列The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means

35、 of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique.(2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)二、动词的平行并列（谓语动词、非谓语动词）The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)Two and threedim

36、ensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.(2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Pa

37、rt A Text 2)三、介词短语的平行并列Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part C)So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowl

38、edge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)四、句子的平行并列 the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part C)However, whether such

39、a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.(2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)多个平行并列For the time, attention, and money of the artloving public,

40、classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.(2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)无并列连词的平行并列In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of

41、 population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)平行结构 练习In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equ

42、ities, quicker use of information at the speed of Twitter, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets.(2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)The courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism. (2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text

43、4)The point of a style upgrade isnt to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.(2016, Reading Comprehension, Part B)As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much hu

44、man labor.(2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)平行结构 考场攻略攻略：如何找到平行结构Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.” (2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)