2022年定语从句用法分析 .pdf

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1、精品资料欢迎下载定 语 从 句 用 法 分 析定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后， 由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。eg. The boys who are planting trees on the hill are middle school students 先行词定语从句#1 关系词 ：关系代词： who, whom, whose, that, which, as (句子中缺主要成份 :主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语)，关系副词： when, where, why （句子中缺次要成份：状语）。#2

2、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。1）who, whom, that 指代人，在从句中作主语、宾语。eg. Is he the man who/that wants to see you ?（who/that 在从句中作主语）He is the man who/whom/ thatI saw yesterday. （who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which 互换）。eg. They rushed over to help the man whose

3、 car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.= the cover of which/of which the cover is green. 3）which, that 指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。eg. The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. （which / that 在从句中作宾语 ,可省略）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。eg. Is he the ma

4、n who wants to see you? #3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词 when, where, why引导定语从句， 代替先行词（时间、地点或理由） ，并在从句中作 状语。eg. Two years ago, I was taken to the village where I was born.Do you know the day when they arrived? The reason why he refused is that he was too busy. 注意：1）关系副词常常和 介词+ which结构互换eg. There are occasions whe

5、n （on which）one must yield (屈服). Beijing is the place where （in which）I was born.Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?* 2）在非正式文体中， that代替关系副词或 介词 + which，放在时间、地点、理由的名词，在口语中that 常被省略。eg. His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.He is unlikely to find the place （

6、that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页精品资料欢迎下载#4.限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。 限制性定语从句对先行词的范围进行限定，是不可缺少的部分， 去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。eg. This is the house which we bought last month. （限制性）The house,

7、 which we bought last month, is very nice. （非限制性）Which one is better? His father who worked in a factory came to see him . ( ) His father ,who worked in a factory, came to see him. ( )#5. 关系代词 that 的用法1)不用 that 的情况#1. 非限定性定语从句不用that （错） The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here T

8、he tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. #2.介词后不能用 that eg. We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land ( that/which) we get our food from.#3.which 指代整个主句eg. Tom studies very hard , which makes his parents very happy. 2)只能用 that不能用 which的情况 当先行词是 ever

9、ything、nothing、something 、anything、all、little、much等不定代词时eg. He never read anything that was not worth reading. / Thats all that I know. 先行词被 all、every、no、some 、any、little 、much, the only, the very 等词修饰时eg. Ive read all the books that you lent me. The only thing that we could do was to ask the police

10、 station for help. You can take any seat that is free. There is little time that we can spare. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，eg. It is the first American film of this kind that Ive ever seen. This is the best hotel that I know. 先行词由人和物共同组成eg. The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admire

11、d by us all. 。 如果关系代词在定语从句中作表语，或者在 therebe句型中引导从句， 一般用that。eg. There is a seat in the corner that is still free. He is not the man that he was before. My home village is no longer the place that it used to be. 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用 that。eg. Edison built up a factory which produced things tha

12、t had never been seen before. 被修饰的成分为数词时，关系代词常用that。eg. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. #6. as, which 非限定性定语从句由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和 which可代整个主句 ，相当于and this或 and that。As 引导的句子可以放在句首，句中或句末，（正如） 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

13、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页精品资料欢迎下载which 引导的句子放在句末，（这一点） 。eg. As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. Smoking ,as we know, is harmful to one s health Smoking is harmful to one s health, as we know.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. Fill in the blanks: use It/ What/ A

14、s 1) _is known to us all that China has the largest population in the world. 2) _is known to us all, China has the largest population in the world. 3) _is known to us all is that China has the largest population in the world. #7. 关于 as 的一些特殊结构 such .as/ such that the same as /the same .that eg. Such

15、 views as he has mentioned should be discussed. He is not such a man as would leave his work half done . 对比： He is such a man that nobody likes to play with him. such (so) .as 后加定语从句， 从句中缺主要成份， such (so ) .that 后加结果状语从句，从句中不缺成份。eg. She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister usually does. 类似的衣服

16、She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 同一件衣服as many as与 as much as分别用于可数与不可数名词， 意为“如一般多、 如此之多” 。这是固定结构，其中第一个 as是副词，修饰 many或 much。第二个 as为关系代词，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语。eg. He has as many books on physics as I have. (as在从句中作 have的宾语 ) He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. (a

17、s作从句的主语 ) 相关习语：as has been said before 如前所说as is well known 众所周知as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as(is) usual 和往常一样#8.that 和 whatthat 引导定语从句时 ,用作关系代词 ,指代人或指物 ,在从句中作主语或宾语，而 that 引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词,只起连接作用。what 只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的主要成份eg. You will like the stamps that I bought yesterday. I think（that）you

18、 will like the stamps. What we need is more practice. #9.先行词point, case, scene, business, situation 等理解成抽象性的地点, 后加where. 但 occasion可表示时间或地点 ,视语境而定1. We re just trying to reach a point _both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 2. I work in a business _almost every

19、one is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 3. I can think of many case s _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 4. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when

20、they remembered the scene s _people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 5. He has got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页精品资料欢迎下载A. where B. which C. while D. why Occas

21、ions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. ( a time when something happens) Please describe an occasion where you met with real difficulties. ( an important social event or ceremony) #10. the way+ 定语从句eg. I don t like the way (that/in which ) you treated her. way 作方式状语I do

22、n t like the way (that/which) you told me yesterday. way 作宾语#11. 判断关系代词与关系副词关系词的选择 :依据在从句中所做的成份。先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语、表语、宾补时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时， 应选择关系副词 （where 地点状语 ,when 时间状语 ,why 原因状语）eg. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when

23、I worked together with you. 1. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 2.Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 3. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one True or False: 1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. ( ) 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. ( ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页