2022年实用的动词讲解教材 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载英 语 动 词 的 种 类提示： 以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配，以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。切记： 有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此， 我们要特别注意一词多义现象。 动词的种类分类总表：( 更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.) 情态动词1 只作情态动词使用can/ could/ must/ may/ might/ ought to 请你参考复习以前发放的资料2 可作情态动词，也可作实义动词need/ dare 3 可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall/ should/ will/ woul

2、d 4 勉强可作情态动词have to/ had better/ used to 助动词1 be 形式变化： am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ been/ being 同时是实义和系动词2 do 形式变化： does/ did 同时是实义动词3 have 形式变化： has/ had/ having 同时是实义动词4 shall 形式变化： should 同时是情态动词5 will 形式变化： would 同时是情态动词系动词1 状态系动词be 特别说明：这里列举的所有系动词 本 身 都 是 实 义 动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。2 表像系动词look /

3、 appear/ seem 3 感官系动词feel / smell/ sound/ taste 4 持续系动词keep/ rest/ remain/ continue/ last/ lie/ stand/ stay 5 变化系动词become / grow/ turn/ go/ get/ fall/ come/ run 6 终止系动词prove/ turn out 实义动词1 不及物动词（vi）本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi 后面若要跟宾语，必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。第 2页有更多内容及物动词（vt）后面必须跟宾语意义才完

4、整的实义动词。vt 后面可以直接跟宾语。2 静态动词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。A. 表示存在、从属意义的动词。如： be（ “是” ） 、have（ “有”） 、own, exist, live, belong to B. 与五官感觉有关的动词如： hear, see, feel, taste, smell 及 watch, notice, observe, find, catch C. 表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe; consider; expect; envy; suppose; feel; think; find; forget; hate; hop

5、e; imagine; know; like; love; mind; realize; regret; suppose; understand; want; wish D. 接度量衡名词的动词(+数词 +单位 )(这些动词的主语通常是物) weigh, cost, cover, last, take, extend, stand, measure, number, total, carry, contain, seat 动态动词动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A 延续性动词： 表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。eat， listen， read，run， wal

6、k，work，write 第 3 页有 更 多相 关 内容. B 终止性动词： 表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成结束。arrive; begin; break; bring; buy; catch; close; come; die; discover; fall; leave; open; put on; take off; sell; start; stop; return; go; jump C表示状态改变或位置转移的动词. arrive，change ，come，die，go ， land（着陆），leave 3 使役动词A.表示“使、令、让、叫”等意义的动词. 如: make, h

7、ave, let, get, keep第 4 页有更多相关内容 . B.表示“使人 ，令人 ”的心理状态的动词。如：interest; excite; astonish; move; amuse; surprise (+ sb.) 4 表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词put on / wear/ be on; look at/ see; look for/ find;listen to/ hear;study/learn; try to do/ manage to doprepare for/ be prepared for, advise/ persuade 等。请大家注意积累 .

8、 5 A 谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式：进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载非谓语动词A不定式to do 形式变化： to have done/ to have been done / to be doing/ not to do B动名词doing 形式变化： not doing 今后有专题复习有关内容 . C现在分词doing 形式变化： having done/ having been done

9、/ not doing not having done/ not having been done D过去分词done 形式变化： not done 相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分（重点内容）及物动词与不及物动词vi 用法（1）主语+ vi (+状语) (不及物动词 ):ache=hurt; appear; bathe; bleed; breathe; cheer; clap; cough; cycle; dance; disappear; dive; drown; exercise; continue; exist; fade; fall; fish; float; flow; hurr

10、y; freeze; hibernate; leak; matter; pour; quarrel; rain; recover; run; settle; sew; ship; rest; rise; rot; shop; sigh; ski; sink; sit; skate; sleep; speak; snow; sound; travel; swim; act, come, go, cry, blow, smile, sleep, run, retire, fly, jump, stand. (不及物动词短语 ): show up, break down, break out, tu

11、rn up, die away, die out, give out, run up, .vi 用法（2）主语+vi+介词+宾语aim + at look +at stare +at stay +at glance + at laugh + at contact +with sb deal + with disagree + with end + in/up with wait +for depend + on operate +on rely + on insist + on doing live +in/on belong + to sb come + to sb go + to happ

12、en +to sb lie + to/in listen + to object +to occur +to refer +to relate +to reply +to return +to stick +to sth graduate + from suffer +from fail + in succeed +in doing fall +off/ onto struggle + for/ against vote +for/ against care + for/about apologize +to sb for doing argue + about sth with sb die

13、 +in/ from/ of/ talk +about sth/ to sb think +of/ about/ over compete + in sth with sb agree +to/ with / on work +on/ at/ in/for arrive + in/ at (要熟记它们的搭配。) vt与vi近义词对比listen to sb sound like sth hear sb arrive in/at get to reach belong to sb own sth possess sth lie in + be situated in + be located i

14、n + contact with sb touch sb talk tell work for sb serve sb reply to answer appear show sth to sb rise / go up / increase raise sit seat sb look at see/ watch succeed in doing manage sth/ to do break in break into go out turn off look for find give in give up agree with sb promise sb A 既可以用作及物又可以用作不

15、及物的动词，其意义不变。如: begin 开始 。Everybody, our game begins. Let us begin our game. 类似的还有： start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.B既可以用作及 物 又 可以 用 作 不及 物 的 动词，其意义完全不同。如 lift 作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散 。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是升高；举起 。He lifted hi

16、s glass and drank. 类似的还有： beat vi.(心脏 )跳动 /vt. 敲、打 ; grow vi.生长 / vt. 种植play vi.玩耍 / vt. 打（牌、球）演奏smell vi. 发出（气味） / vt. 嗅ring vi.（电话、铃）响 / vt. 打电话speak vi. 讲话 / vt. 说（语言）hang vi. 悬挂/ vt. 绞死operate vi. 动手术 / vt. 操作run vi. 跑步 ; 褪色 vt. 经营C 有的及物动词加上介词后，表示的意思不同。如：allow 允许allow for 考虑到常见1. makemake sb. do

17、 sth 使/让/逼某人做某事 ; (被动形式 )sb. be made to do make sth done 使/让某事得以 make sb. adj 使某人处于 的状态make sb sth 使/ 让某人成为 She will make a good wife.她会成为一个好妻子。make oneself done 使某人的为他人所(make oneself heard/ understood)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载使役动词的用法与搭配2. havehave sb do sth 使

18、/ 让/请某人做某事 . have sb doing. 使/让某人一直做某事have sth done 请/ 让某人做某事 ; 招致或遭遇到 (不好的事情 ) have sb adj. 使/让/某人处于 的状态It had the salesmen busy around.3. let let sb do sth 让/ 允许某人做某事let sb+介词短语让某人处于 的状态4. keep keep sb doing sth使/让某人一直做某事keep sb/sth +介词短语 . 让某人或某物处于的状态5. get get sb to do sth请/让某人做某事Would you pleas

19、e get them to bring down the price? get sth done. 请/让某人做某事I ll get my hair cut. get sb doing. 请/让某人一直做某事The joke got us laughing. 6. leave leave sb (to) do sth 让某人做 / 干某事We ll leave them(to) run the shop. leave sb doing sth 让某人继续处于某种状态Don t leave her wait ing outside in the rain. leave sth done 让某事保

20、持 的状态The workers left the rest of the work untouched. 工人们对余下的工作动都没有动一下。7. cause cause sb to do sth 使得 /促使 /引起某人做某事What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的? 8. lead lead sb to do sth. 使得 /引导某人做某事What led you to think so? lead sb in doing sth 领导某人 /带领某人干某事. The Party leads us in carrying out reform

21、 and opening up. 9. force force sb to do sth 迫使 / 强迫某人做某事The policemen forced the criminals to give up their arms. 警察迫使罪犯放下武器10. drive drive sb+adj 使 /逼迫某人变成 的状态The loud noise have driven us mad. drive sb to do sth 迫使 /逼迫某人做某事He drove her to admit it. 他逼迫她承认。drive sb+介词短语迫使 /逼迫某人进入 的境地The men drove

22、the young man to the wall. 这几个人把这青年人逼得走投无路.11. oblige oblige sb to do sth 使某人 (按法律、条约、合约等要求)而必须做某事。The scandal obliged the minister to resign. 这一丑闻迫使部长辞职。12. send send sb doing sth 使某人进入 (特定状态 ); (迫)使某人处于 的状态The slightest touch will send us floating away from in the opposite direction in space. send

23、 sb+介词短语(迫)使某人进入 的状态The failure sent him into discouragement. send sb to do sth 派某人干某事13. set set sb to do sth 使某人开始或着手做某事set sb doing sth 使某人开始或着手做某事They set him to mow the lawn. 他们叫他给草坪刈草.Her words set me thinking. 她的话使我深思。set + sb./ sth + adj 使处于 (的状态 )She set the caged bird free. 14. place place

24、 sb in/into使某人处于 地位 /位置The victory in the contest placed our team in a favorable position. 15. put put sb in/into 使某人处于 地位 /位置(用法同 place.)16. bring bring sb/sth+介词短语使某人或某物处于 的状态bring sb. back to life. 使某人起死回生bring under control.使处于控制之下The joke brought the class into laughter. 17. land land sb in 使某人

25、在 (地方 )着陆I ll land you safe in Liverpool.18. cost cost sb sth. 使人遭到 损失；使人赔了 本The failure in the contest cost us the first place held for 10 years. 这次比赛失败使我们丢失了保持已10 年之久的冠军宝座。19.具有使役意义, 表示 “ 使人 ，令人 ”的心理状态的动词。如：interest sb in(使某人对 感兴趣 ) excite sb (使某人激动 ) astonish sb(使某人震惊 )move, amuse, surprise, terr

26、ify, convince, inspire, encourage, satisfy, delight, please, frighten, surprise, amaze, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, puzzle, tire, terrify上述 V-ed/ V-ing 的用法区别 : 如: The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.

27、Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.英语中常用的200 个动词accept 接受I accepted her birthday gift. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载act 表演；举止Jackie Chen acts in the film. add 添加Please add some water to the bottle. agree 同意I agree with you. all

28、ow 允许Mother allows me to go out. answer 回答Can you answer my question? appear 出现；似乎A problem appeared. arrive 到达We arrived in the afternoon. ask 问He asked a question. avoid 避免Please avoid making mistakes. be 是；正在；被We are students. She is sleeping. They were killed. become 变成，变得It becomes warm. begin

29、开始Class begins at 9. believe 相信I believe you. break 打破He broke the class. bring 带来Please bring your book tomorrow. build 建造We will build a house. burn 燃烧The fire is burning. buy 买What do you want to buy? call 打电话，叫，喊I will call you in the morning. can 能Can you swim? carry 搬，携带Please carry the desk t

30、o the door. catch 抓The boy caught a bird. change 变化Everything changes. check 核对Please check your email. choose 选择Which book will you choose? clean 打扫clean the room close 关闭Close the door, please. come 来Come in, please. cost 花费It cost me 5 yuan. consider 考虑I am considering a visit to you. contain 包含I

31、t contains 5 pages. continue 继续We will continue to work. control 控制Can you control yourself? could 能She could do that. cover 覆盖The snow covered the flowers. cry 哭Don t cry! cut 切He cut his finger while cooking. deal 处理；交易I will deal with it. decide 决定We decided to go. describe 描述Can you describe you

32、r room? design 设计We designed the cover of the book. develop 发展China is developing very quickly. die 死You will die here. discover 发现He discovered the first man. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载discuss 讨论We are discussing the plan. do 做What do you do? draw 画；拉She is dr

33、awing a picture. Draw the desk. dream 做梦He is dreaming. drink 喝What do you want to drink? drive 驾驶Can you drive? drop 丢下，滴Please drop it on the floor. eat 吃How much do you eat? end 结束The meeting ended. enjoy 享受，喜欢He enjoys music. enter 进入Please enter the room. expect 期望I expect you to come. explain

34、解释Can you explain it to me? fail 失败，不及格He failed in the exam. fall 下降；跌倒The raining is falling. feel 感觉Do you feel happy? fight 打架；战斗They are fighting for food. fill 填充，填满Please fill the bottle with milk. find 找到Find out the person. finish 完成We have finished it. fly 飞Birds can fly. follow 跟随，跟踪Pleas

35、e follow me. forget 忘记Don t forget it.get 得到，到达The workers get their money every week. give 给Give it to me. go 去go to work grow 增长，种植，成长The number is growing. Grow trees. You have grown up. guess 猜测Guess my age. hang 挂，吊Hang your clothes there. happen 发生What happened? have 有，吃喝玩乐；一直，已经；使，让Have a boo

36、k. I have lived here since 1990.have your hair cut hear 听见Can you hear me? help 帮助help you with your English hit 打，撞He hit his car into a tree. hold 抓住；容纳hold the ball. The room can hold 500 people. hope 希望I hope you can come. hurt 伤害，疼You hurt me. My head hurts. improve 提高improve our lives include

37、包含，包括The book includes 10 parts. increase 增加The number is increasing. join 加入Please join us to go to the part. keep 保持，保存Clothes keep us warm. I will keep the money for my son. kill 杀kill the bird 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载know 知道Do you know me? laugh 笑He laugh

38、ed at me. lay 放置；产卵Please lay the book on the desk. lead 代领，领导He is leading the team. learn 学习learn English leave 离开Close the door before you leave. let 让Let me have a look. lie 说谎；躺，位于He is lying. Being lies in the north of China. like 喜欢Do you like it? listen 听listen to music live 居住live here look

39、 看look at me lose 输，失去We will lose the game. I lost me key. love 爱I love you. make 制作make a cake for you may 可能，可以He may come tomorrow. mean 意思是；意味着What do you mean? meet 见面We meet everyday. might 也许It might rain tomorrow. miss 思念；错过I miss you very much. We missed the train. move 移动Don t move. must

40、必须；肯定You must work hard. need 需要We need you. occur 发生What occurred to you? offer 提供The company offered me a job. open 打开Open the door. pass 通过pass the exam. pay 付钱I will pay for the food. perform 表演They are performing in Beijing. pick 挑，捡Pick up your bag. plan 计划They plan to go. play 玩儿play football

41、 point 指（向）He pointed at me. prepare 准备We are preparing for the exam. prefer 更喜欢I prefer apples to oranges. produce 生产They produce 1,000 cars last week. protect 保护The glasses will protect your eyes. prove 证明It proves to be right. provide 提供Can you provide some jobs to us? pull 拉Pull the door. push 推

42、push the door put 放，放置put it here raise 提高；养（动物、家等） ；抬高raise your hands. Raise animals. Raise family reach 到达We reached in the morning. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载read 读Can you read in English? realize 意识到；实现We realized we were wrong. Realize your dream. receive

43、 收到I received a letter from her. reduce 减少，降低We should reduce the price. remain 仍然It remains to be seen. 有待观察。remember 记得Do you remember me? remove 移除，除掉Remove your enemies. report 报告You report to me. require 要求You are required to finish it. return 归还，回来return the book to the library. He will return

44、 next week. rise 上升The sun rises in the east. ride 骑，乘车ride a bike/horse ring 打电话；响铃，敲钟I will ring you tomorrow. The bell rings. run 跑run away save 挽救；保存save my life; save water say 说What did you say? see 看到Can you see me? seem 似乎It seems you are wrong. sell 卖She sells flowers. send 送，发送send a lette

45、r serve 提供serve food set 设置set the time shake 摇，震shake hands with me shoot 射击He shoot at the bird. should 应该You should go. show 给看，表演Show me the way. shut 关闭，关shut the window sing 唱歌sing a song. sit 坐Sit down, please. sleep 睡眠I can t sleep. smell 闻，闻起来The food smells delicious. sound 听起来It sounds go

46、od. speak 讲话，说Can you speak Japanese? spend 花费I spent 5 yuan on the book. stand 站立Stand up! start 开始The film started. stay 待在，住在stay at home steal 偷The thief stole my bag. stop 停止Stop talking. study 学习study English suggest 建议What do you suggest? support 支持I support you. swim 游泳Can you swim? take 带走；

47、花费Take the book home. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载talk 交谈，说话We are talking about him. teach 教I teach English. tell 告诉，讲（故事）Tell me a story. thank 感谢Thank you. think 想I think you are right. throw 扔Throw a stone at the dog. treat 治疗；对待The doctor is treating him. tr

48、y 尝试，努力I ll try my best to do it. turn 旋转He turned around and talked to me. understand 理解，明白Do you understand me? use 使用Can you use a computer? visit 拜访，参观I will visit you. wait 等Please wait for me. walk 走路We walk in the garden everyday. want 想What do you want to buy? watch 观看，欣赏They are watching th

49、e moon. wash 洗Please wash your hands. wear 穿What are you wearing? will 将会，将要I will tell you. win 赢They win the game. work 工作I work in Beijing. worry 担心I am worrying about you. would 将会Would you like to go? write 写Write a letter. 高中英语终极必背不规则动词表1.AAA 动词原形过去式过去分词costk?stcostk ?stcostk ?st花费cutk ?tcutk

50、?tcutk ?t割，切hurth?:thurth ?:thurth ?:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰 , shut?tsh