2022年高中非谓语动词讲解及练习2 .pdf

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1、1 英语语法非谓语动词在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。例题一 ._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 一般来说， 在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired

2、of 与其逻辑主语Julia 之间的主动关系， 以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生， 没有明显的先后顺序， 可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即 “由于厌倦了 Tom 只说不做的工作态度” ，故正确答案为C。例题二_ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear 依据非谓语动词hear 与其逻辑主语his friends 之间的主动关系， 以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在

3、分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说 Bob 已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。非谓非谓语动词的三种形式名称形式用法不定式to do 表目的、将来动名词doing 表主动及现在分词done 表被动及过去非谓语动词的形式变化非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth. 在“to ”前加 not 或 never （不定式的否定形式）完成式to have done to have bee

4、n done 进行式to be doing / 完成进行式to have been doing / 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页2 动名词一般式doing being done sb.或 sbs doing 作主语要用sb s doing/ 完成式having done having been done 现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加 not 非谓语语法功能的比较做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish,

5、 ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insis

6、t on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require （主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，接动名词主动形式表示

7、被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing （指动作已经发生）go on to do （接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do （打算做，企图做）mean doing （意思是，意味着）can t help （to ） do （不能帮忙做）c

8、an t help doing （忍不住要做）be considered to have done被认为已经做了consider to be认为是consider doing考虑做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页3 做宾补的非谓语动词比较分类常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系，强调动作将发生或已经完成I asked to be sent to the countryside.

9、I heard him call me several times. have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed. 做定语的非谓语动词比较分类区别例句不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作

10、同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed. I haven t decided which hotel to stay at.(介词 at 不能丢 ) 现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves/the fallen leaves 过去分词与被修饰词之

11、间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成或只表示状态注意： the bridge to be built 将建造的桥 , the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页4 非谓语动词高考考点【考点一】不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作 “ 为了，想要 ” 。To

12、be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2不定式用于 so.as to . ，such.as to ；enough to；too.to ；only to等结构中作结果状语。（1）Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？（2）He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others. 他如此愚蠢以

13、至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。（3）He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。注意 ： “onlyto do ” 表示出乎意料的结果， tell 和主语 He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。（4）His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。【经典考题】1. There were many

14、 talented actors out there just waiting_. Ato discover Bto be discovered Cdiscovered Dbeing discovered 2 Why are the students working so hard these days. _ready for the coming entrance examination. ATo get BGet CGetting DGot 3 With Father s Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the ba

15、nk _ presents for my dad. Abuy Bto buy 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页5 Cbuying Dto have bought 【考点二】过去分词作状语1过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。（1）Given the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.

16、如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。（2）Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 得到提醒不要错过1520 的航班 ，他匆忙出发过了机场。2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有： lost(迷路的)，seated( 坐)，hidden( 躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于 )，dressed in( 穿着)，tired of( 感到

17、厌倦 )等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing 形式。Lost in the mountains for a week ，we were finally saved by the local police. 在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book，he didn t notice me enter the room.专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。【经典考题】1. _from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeing CH

18、aving seen DTo see 2 Michael s new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one. Acomparing Bcompares Cto compare Dcompared 【考点三】现在分词作状语1动词的 ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。 动词的 ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、 原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。（1）Being ill ，he couldn t go to school.因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因) （2）My car was c

19、aught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。(结果) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页6 （3）As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随) 当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。2现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否

20、定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。一般式 (doing) 表示主动的 一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式 (being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式 (having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式 (having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。（1）Not having received a reply，he decided to write again. 没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。（2）The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his

21、 motherland.(work 与句子的主语 The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且 work 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前) 在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。（3）Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others. 多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。3 （记住） 有一些固定结构， 如：generally speaking， taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式

22、作状语。（ 1）Taking everything into consideration， the result is better than expected. 把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。（2）Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man. 从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。4现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。（1）Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beauti

23、ful. 从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语 the park之间存在动宾关系) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页7 （2） Seeing from the top of the hill， we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语 we 之间存在主谓关系) 【经典考题】1. Dina ，_for months to find a job as a waitress ，finally took a pos

24、ition at a local advertising agency. Astruggling Bstruggled Chaving struggled Dto struggle 2 _at my classm ates faces ， I read the same excitement in their eyes. ALooking BLook CTo look DLooked 3 _a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university. ANot giving BNo

25、t having been given CHaving not given DHaving not been given 【考点四】非谓语动词作定语1现在分词 (短语 )作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2过去分词 (短语 )作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。For breakfast he only drinks jui

26、ce from fresh fruit grown on his own farm. 早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。3动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。【经典考题】1. I m afraid we ll have to work extra hours ，for there are still some problems_. Aremaining to settle Bremaining to be settled

27、 Cremained to talk about Dto remain to discuss 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页8 2 Many buildings in the city need repairing， but the one _ first is the library. Arepaired Bbeing repaired Crepairing Dto be repaired 【考点五】非谓语动词作宾补1过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间

28、存在动宾关系。（1）I ll have my house painted tomorrow.明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动) （2）（When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。2现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语， 该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch ，hear ，observe ，feel ，find ，ha

29、ve ，keep 等。They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。【经典考题】1. Listen ！Do you hear someone _ for help? Acalling Bcall Cto call Dcalled 2 Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles. Ato recognize Brecognizing Crecognize Drecognized 3 It s wonderful to hike with

30、 Dad and I have felt _with him. Ato protected Bprotected Cprotecting Dto be protected 【 考点六】 have, get后接三种形式作宾补have ，get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have ，get 表示“ 使、让、叫 ” 之意。1have sth. doneget sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做 (叫/ 让某人做某事 ) I ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得 (请人)修一下我的自行车。Mr Smith had his house broken

31、into while he was away on holiday. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页9 2. have/get sb. /sth. doing 使某人 /物持续做某事注意： have sb. doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“ 容忍” 之意。I won t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。3. have sb. do sth. 叫某人做某事【经典考题】1 I have a lot of readings _

32、before the end of this term. Acompleting Bto complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed 2 With the world changing fast， we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing 3 Every year ，Tom remembers to have some flowers _to her mother on her birthday. Asend Bsent Csend

33、ing Dbeing sent 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页10 非谓语动词高考真题练习1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college. A. enter。mB. to enter C. entering。mD. entered 2He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus. A. to hope。mB. hope C. hoping

34、。mD. hoped 3.He spent every minute he could _ spoken English. A. practise。mB. to practise C. practising。mD. practised 4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improve 。mB. to improve C. improvingD. to improving 5. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your w

35、ork. A. doingB. to do C. being doingD. to be done 6. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films. A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doi ng D. is devoted to doing 7. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight

36、 C. flight D. flying 8. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do 9. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is neces

37、sary. A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying 10. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 11. I dont know whether you happen _ it, but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September. A. to be heard B. to be

38、 hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页11 12. _ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _ the beautiful scenery. A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring 13. Don t leave the

39、water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 14. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting 15. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. S

40、tolen D. Stealing 16. To answer correctly is more important than _. A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly 17. You will see this product made in this factory _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertisedC. advertise D. advertising 18. The monume

41、nt was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river. A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered C. to discover D. having been discovered 19. Have you considered _ your job as a teacher? Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _ a gardener. A. to change; to be B

42、. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be 20. Mr. Green is said _ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young. A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing 21. Seeing the soldiers well _ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfac

43、tion. A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared 22. （山西省晋中市2009 学年度高三年级第一次调研考试题，35）I walked out of the cinema, Id never come back to this hell of a placeAdetermining Bdecided Cto determine Dto decide 23. （山东省 日照市 2009 年高三模拟考试， 26）Every time he had a chance ，he would talk about the great

44、 difficulty he had in the new countryAsettled Bsettling Cto settle Dsettle 24. （山东省济宁市20082009 学年度高三第一阶段质量检测，32）There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise. Afollowing Bto follow CfollowedDfollowed by 25. （福建福州八中2009 年元月高三调研考试试卷，30） in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic G

45、ames, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world ADressed BWorn C Dressing DWearing 26. （福建福州八中2009 年元月高三调研考试试卷，34） The problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页12 Adiscussed Bto discuss Cto be

46、discussed D discussing 27. （唐山市 2008-2009 学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，20）When why he behaved that way at table，he made no replyAbeing asked B asked Casking Dto ask 28. （唐山市 2008-2009 学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，23）， Mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes restAWith her housework done BWith her housework being done CWith he

47、r housework doing DWith her housework to do 29. （湖南省衡阳市八中2009年上期高二第一次月考试卷，31） The manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _ the next year.A. establish B. establishing C. established D. to establish 30.（重庆市一中08-09 学年高二上学期期末，22）_ in thought completely, he didn t even know what was goin

48、g on.A. Losi ng B. Lost C. Having lost D. Having been lost 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 15 页13 【答案与解析解析】1.【解析】 其实正确答案应是B 此句为省略句，即在could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good colle

49、ge)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词 (could)一起构成谓语。2 【解析】此题的答案是C 不是 A， 其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。3. 【解析】 此题答案选C，这与前面动词spent 的搭配有关，即spend (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English. 4. 【解析】此题答案选D，注意两点： 一是 devote to 是固定搭配， 意为 “ 把贡献给 ” ；二是其中的to 是介词，不

50、是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。5.【解析】 其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事6.【解析】 此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：(1) devote 意为 “ 致力于，献身于 ” ，主要用devote to 或 be devoted to，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。(2) 选 A 错误：若将do 改为 doing 则可以。(3) 选 B 正确：all her time devoted to doing experimen