2022年高三英语复习核心知识点代词 .pdf
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1、知识点大全代词一、问:本考点的命题思路是什么?答:代词是每年必考,贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识点;考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下,强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词;代词考查的重点是不定代词及it 的用法。例 1: (08 湖南卷) Our nerghbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest. A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it 【答案】 B。【题源探究】这是一道综合性的考题,考查人称代词和反身代
2、词的用法。【广角思维】第一空为人称代词的宾格形式做宾语;第二空的意思是说伤了自己的那只小鸟用反身代词做宾语。【易误警示】对是用人称代词的宾格形式做宾语还是用反身代词做宾语这一区别分不清是这类试题出错的主要原因。【悟彻高考】人称代词作主语一般用主格形式,做宾语用宾格形式,作表语用主格形式,做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语, 作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。如:Im not quite myself today 我今天不大舒服。 / ake yourself at home不要拘礼;请随便吧。/ Dont get nervous,help yourself to what you
3、 like别紧张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。 / Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗?注意:1.人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。If I were she, I would take your advice. I would share the room with you if you were him. 2. 在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。Who will go out for a walk with me? Me. -Who is it ? -It s me 【同类预测】高考对人称代词和反身代词的考查集
4、中在它们在句中作用的考查,特别是独特用法份的考查。(1)-I love you more than her ,child -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_? A you; me BI;you Cyou;you DI;me 答案: A 解析: I love you more than her 有两种理解I love you more than her= I love you more than you love her I love you more than her= I love you more than she l
5、oves you. (2)Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not . A. any B. us C. we D. ours 答案: B 解析: turn to sb. 表示 “ 向 请求帮助 ” 。从句是个省略句。If not us 即 if you dont turn to us.例 2: (08 辽宁卷)Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
6、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页知识点大全A. Such B. There C. That D. This 【答案】 C 。【题源探究】考查指示代词的指代用法。【广角思维】通过对话语境我们可以知道Victoria Street 是距离对话人比较远的事物,所以用 that 来表示远指。【易误警示】受选项的设置的迷惑作用不能明白该题的设计目的,有的学生以为该题是考查 there be 句型的。【悟彻高考】this,that,these those 均是指示代词有以下的使用规律:1在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。2this(these)一般指时间和空间上较
7、近的人或物,而 that (those) 常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。 e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine3this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物,而that(those) 常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this :he wanted to go to Beijing / He didnt come That is why he didnt know 4that,those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than th
8、at of 1995( that 代替 oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany【同类预测】指示代词的用法在试题设计中常和其他的代替词同时出现,这样就增加了试题的难度。- How about the price of these refrigerators? - They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than, _ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones 答案: D 解析:on
9、e 可指代指代前面的同类事物中的一个,表示泛指,one 前面如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词a,也表示泛指,但one 前面加上the 可以表示特指,the one 复数形式是the ones,相当于 those,本题中就是这种现象,本句意思是“在价格上,它们就算不比别的商店里的冰箱便宜,也不会更贵”。例 3:(08 四川卷 )The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other 【答案】 C 。【题源探究】这是
10、一道单一性试题,考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。【广角思维】该题表示“另外的4 个百分点”,正确的表示方法是another four percent 。【易误警示】对 other ,another ,more 等相关的用法不清楚,是这种题出错的主要原因。【悟彻高考】另外几个人或事物的表示方法有以下几种:Another + 数词+n如 another five desks 数词 +other+ n 如: five other desks 数词 +more+ n 如: five more desks 【同类预测】另外几个人或事物的表示方法是高考考查代词用法时的一个命题重点。If you want
11、to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15 Aanother Bother Cmore Deach 答案: A 解析:考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。另外15 美元可以表示为:another 15 dollars=15 other/more dollars精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页知识点大全二、问:命题热点有哪些?答: 人称代词主格和宾格的基本用法。 名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法。 疑问代词的用法、不定代词的用法。 反身代词以及由反身代词构成
12、的短语的用法。 it, that, one 和 those 作替代词的用法。例 1:(2007 山东卷 )_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. AThis BThat CWhat D It 【答案】 B 。【题源探究】这是一道综合性的考题,考查it 充当形式主语这一知识点。【广角思维】句意:他总是改变主意,这一做法很令我担忧。句中It 充当形式主语,真正的主语是 the way,其后又有定语从句he keeps changing his mind 修饰。【易误警示】了解 it 在主语从句中的应用,充当形式主语。【悟彻高考】It 用作形
13、式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It 作形式主语的常见句型:1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-manner
14、ed, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous 例It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, carele
15、ss, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例Its kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts (well)worth doing Its (well)worth ones while doing/to do Its (well)worth while doing/ to do 例Its no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It 替代作主语的从句常见句型(1) It is + n
16、oun +从句例It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause Its surprising that (should)竟然Its a pity/shame that (should)竟然例Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your
17、rudeness.) (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother /concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页知识点大全例It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she
18、drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that = sb/sth verb to do (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that =sb/sth is to do (verb=say, rep
19、ort, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know )例It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that (should) (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例It is
20、suggested that they should begin with the third question. 【同类预测】it 作形式主语的用法在命题时变化多端,设计灵活应该引起我们的重视。(1)is no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. AIt BThis CThat DThere 答案: D. 解析:考查固定句型there is no need to do sth. 例 2: (2007 湖南卷) To save class time, our teacher has _ stu
21、dents do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【答案】 A 。【题源探究】本题考查在具体语言环境中代词的应用。【广角思维】为了节省时间,我们老师让我们(学生)在课堂上做完一般练习,另一半作为家庭作业。根据句意可知题干中的has 为使役动词,后面需要代词宾格与students 一起做宾语, us 与 students 为同位关系。【易误警示】has 为使役动词,后面需要代词宾格与students 一起做宾语,这是学生选错的主要原
22、因,这要求考生做题时要能够分清句子结构,然后再对试题作出正确的判断。【悟彻高考】代词作同位语时应用什么形式取决于做什么成分的同位语,如果做宾语的同位语要用宾格, 如果做主语的同位语要用主格形式,另外如果名词做了同位语来确定代词的形式这是就要注意分析该代词在整个句子中充当的语法作用了。We students should work hard and respect our teachers. 【同类预测】代词做同位语以及同位语的位置将是这一知识点中命题的重点。如:they are both students. Are they both students? Yes ,they both are.
23、(规律是在陈述句及疑问句中要位于be 动词后,在简短答语中要置于be 前。 ) How silly you _! A. all are B. are all C. all do D. do all 答案: A 解析:首先排除C、D,不符合句中系表结构的要求,其次因为本句是感叹句,谓语动词应该在句末重读,因此排除B。但代词all 和 both 在句中的一般位置是在情态动词或be 动词之后, 行为动词之前, 如 We are all the students of English. 或 We can all speak a little Japanese. 但代词 all 和 both 在省略答语
24、或感叹句中不能出现在句末。例 3: (2007 陕西卷) There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and borrow _? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页知识点大全 No, I d rather buy_in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it 【答案】 A 。【题源探究】本题考查的是代词one 和 it 的代替用法。【广角思维】句意 ; 这本书
25、在图书馆还用一本,你去借吗? 不,我宁愿去书店买一本。因为图书馆里只有一本同样的书,用it 表示同类事物。在第二个空中,用one 表示某一本书,因为书店中应不只有一本同样的书。【易误警示】考试应注意文中的隐藏含义,特指还是泛指是解决这类试题的关键。【悟彻高考】代词 one 和 it 的代替用法时的区别是,one是表示泛指,是指同类的某一个,it 是特指并且是同一个。【同类预测】对代词 one 和 it 的代替用法的考查是代词方面的一个热点和难点把握的关键是确定特指和泛指。(1)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable
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