2022年高中英语连词用法归纳 .pdf

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1、高中英语连词（并列句和状语从句）用法归纳一、概述：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for 等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句 (时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether 等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列连词的用法(一)、表示转折关系的并列连词。主要有but(但是 ), yet(可是 ), w

2、hile( 而，却 )等。but 的用法1. 连接词或短语It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。2. 连接句子Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。3. 用于句首But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么? 4. 用于道歉的表达之后Sorry, but we re behind schedule. 抱歉，我们落在计划后了。5. 用于 not but ，表示 “ 不是 而是 ” Not you but I

3、 am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。（就近原则）6. 用在某些否定语后，表示“只 ，除了”：I could do nothing but wait. / I had no choice but to wait. 7. 用于 next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第”He lives in the next house but one.他住在隔壁再过去一家。He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。8. can t help but 不由得不 You can t help but respect them

4、. 你不由得不尊敬他们。【注意】 不要按汉语意思将“ 虽然 但是 ” 直译为 although but ：误： Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉 though 或 but 中任一个 ) 9.but 与 however 的用法区别两者均可表示转折或对比，意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等，但有区别：1. 表示转折时， but 是连词。如：He likes sports, but his wife likes music. 他喜欢运动，而他妻子则喜欢音乐。2. however 表示“然而”、“可是”时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词。之

5、所以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首，而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗号)，甚至句末(注意其前也用逗号)。如：Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。He hasn t arrived. He may, however, come later. / He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 注意：以上各例中的however 不能换成but，但可用but 来改写。如： He said that it was so, but he was mistaken. 3. 当

6、连接两个句子时，其前通常应用分号，或另起新句。如：It s raining hard; however, I think we should go out. / It s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 注意：上例中的however 不能换成but，但可用but 来改写(注意所用标点的变化)。如：It s raining hard, but I think we should go out.yet的用法1、yet 用作连词时，与but 一样也主要用于转折，“但是”“而”： I have failed, yet I shall t

7、ry again. 2、有时用在句首。如： Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里显得很欢快。3、yet 有时可与并列连词and 或 but 连用，构成习语and yet和 but yet，意为“虽然如此”“可是”“然而”，与单独使用的yet 意思相同 。如：He s not really nice-looking, and yet he has enormous charm. 他并不十分好看，可是他很有魅力。She s a funny girl, but yet you can t help liking her. 她是一个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她。精选学习资

8、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页4、根据习惯，although不能与连词but 搭配使用，但是although可以与 yet 搭配连用（此时的yet 可视为副词）Although we are poor, yet we are happy. / Although we ve made some progress, yet we have a long way to go.while 的用法1、考查表示时间的用法，其意为“ 当 的时候 ” 。如：(1). while 可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续

9、性的，如：Please don t talk so loud while others are working. / She hates anyone listening while she is telephoning. (2) 趁的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。2、考查表示让步的用法，其意为“ 尽管 ”“虽然 ” 。如：While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 3、考查表示对比的用法，其意为“ 而 ”“但” 。如： Prices are risi

10、ng sharply, while incomes are lagging far behind. 注意 ：这样用时， while 引出的句子通常位于末，但有时也可位于句首。如：While most children learn to read easily, some need extra help. 大多数儿童学阅读很容易，有些儿童却需要特别帮助。4、考查其省略用法，即主句与从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有动词be时，通常可省略从句主语和动词be。如：While (he was) in prison, she wrote her first novel. He fell asleep wh

11、ile (he was) doing his homework. ( 二 ) 、表选择的并列连词主要or (或者，还是，否则), eitheror(不是就是), neitheror(既不也不), otherwise (要不然 )等。注： neithernor连接两个句子，注意用倒装语序。or 的用法归纳1、表示选择，意为“ 或”“还是 ” ：Is the radio off or on? Would you prefer tea or coffee? 2、表示一种否定的条件，意为“ 否则 ” ：Come on, or we ll be late. Hurry up, or youll be l

12、ate for school. 3、可表示 “ 要不就是 ” ： He must be joking, or else he s mad. The book must be here, or else you ve lost it. 4、用于否定句中代替and。 He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪明，也长得不好看。比较： They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。They didnt sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。5、用于习语The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完

13、成了。They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由 1700 个或更多部族构成。There s just one or two details I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。Eitheryour mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。( 三). 表示因果关系的并列连词主要有for(因为 ), so(因此 )等。注意： for 表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。for 的用法归纳1、for 用作连词，主要表示理由，用于引起的分句对前面的

14、话进行解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开。如：She was angry, for she didn t know French. He must be out, for there is no light in the room. 2、for 表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。3.for表示原因时的四个“不能”1）for 引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前：Because it was wet he took a taxi.（这里不能用for）2）for 引导的从句不能位于not, but 或任何连词之后：He stole, not because he wanted the mon

15、ey but because he liked stealing. （这里不能用for）3）for 引导的从句不能用于回答问题：Why did you do it? I did it because l was angry.（这里不能用for） 4 ）for 引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话，而必须包括新的内容：He spoke in French. She was angry because he had spoken in French.（这里不能用for）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页但是说： She

16、 was angry, for she didn t know French. （这里用for 是正确的，也可用because ）注意 ：之所以有这些用法上的限定，其理由是for 引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因，而只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明。例如：The days were short, for it was now December. 注意 ：在口语中， for 从句前常稍停一下。在笔语中，在此处常有一个逗号。有时也用一个句号断开，如最后一个例子所示。上面三个例句中也可用because, 但用 for 更好些。so的用法归纳1、so用作连词，主要用于表结果，意为“ 所

17、以 ” ：It s very cold, so wear a heavy coat. 2、有时可与并列连词and 连用，构成习语and so(相当 so)：He told me to do it and so I did it. 3、不要按汉语意思将“ 因为 所以 ” 直译为 because so ：误： Because he was ill, so he couldnt come.(去掉 because或 so 中任意一个 ) ( 四) 、表示并列关系的并列连词主要and , or , either or, neithernor , not onlybut (also) , bothand

18、, as well as ，when(=and just at this time 就在这时 )等and 用法归纳1. 基本义为 “ 和”“又 ”“而且 ” 等，但它有时还可表示对比或转折，相当于汉语的“ 而”“但”“却” 。如：She s a bank manager and I m just a road-sweeper. I ve read Tony s book and I don t understand it. 2. 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，主要有以下用法：(1) 连接两个相同的比较级，表示“ 越来越 ” 。如： The weather is getting colder an

19、d colder. Computers are becoming more and more complicated. 计算机变得越来越复杂。(2) 连接两个相同的动词，表动作的反复或连续。He coughed and coughed. He tried and tried but without success. (3) 连接两个相同的副词，也表示动作的反复或连续。如：He kept moaning on and on. 他呻吟不已。(4) 连接两个相同的名词，有以下两种主要用法：表示 “ 许多 ” 。如： They talked for hours and hours. The road

20、went on for miles and miles. 强调差别，意为“ 与 不同 ” 。如： Don t worry there are rules and rules. 别担心 规则跟规则不一样。I like city life but there are cities and cities. 我喜欢城市生活，但城市之间也有差别。3. 在 come和 go以动词原形出现时，其后习惯上不跟不定式表示目的，而是用“ and+ 动词原形 ” 表示目的 。如：I must go and help my mother. Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes

21、. 注意 ：但是，如果go 和 come 不是以动词原形出现，而是以过去式、过去分词、现在分词、动名词等方式出现，则其后应不定式表示目的。如：I ve come to collect my book. I m thinking of going to look for mushrooms. 另外， 在 come, go 之后的and 有时可以省略（尤其在美国英语中）。如：I ll come (and) see you later. 4. 用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“ 那么 ” （暗示一种条件）。如：Work hard and you ll pass the examinations=If y

22、ou work hard, you ll pass the examinations 努力吧，你考试会及格的Arrive late once more and you re fired (=If you arrive late once more, you re fired). 再迟到一次，就把你开除。有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果。如：One more step and I will fire. 你再动一步，我就要开枪了。5. 用在good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“ 很”“挺” 。如： I won t go until I m good and ready. 精选学习资料

23、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页6. 在主从复合句中，不要在主句前误加and。如：使用两个镜子能看见自己的头的后部。误： If you use mirrors, and you can see the back of your head.正： If you use mirrors, you can see the back of your head.7. 某些用and 连接的两个词，与汉语顺序相反，不要按汉语词序颠倒过来。如：rich and poor 贫富land and water 水陆right and left 左右n

24、orth and south 南北food and drink 饮食food and clothing 衣食8. 比较以下各组句子有无连词and 的差别 ：The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included.In the classroom there are five people, and the teacher was incl

25、uded.He has two children, both of whom are naughty.He has two children, and both of them are naughty.三、从属连词的用法( 一) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词1、表示 “ 当时候 ” 或“ 每当 ” 的时间连词 。主要when, while(见上面 ), as, whenever（无论什么时候）。when的用法归纳1). when 可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：When the film ended, they went back. Whe

26、n I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2). When 常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时,这时” 。如：was doing something whenwas about to do whenwas on the point of doing sth. whenhad done when3). when 可以表“既然”，如：How can I help them to understand when they won t listen to me? as 的用法归纳1)、表示伴随，意为“ 随着 ” 。如： As tim

27、e passed, things seemed to get worse.若其后不接从句，而接名词，则用介词 with 表“ 随着 ”如：With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced. 2)、表示让步，意为 “ 虽然 ”“尽管 ” ，要用于 倒装句 （相当于though，但语气稍弱）。如：(1)形容词 +as+主语 +系动词： 例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。(2)过去分词 +

28、as+主语 +系动词： 例：Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it. (3)名词 +as+主语 +系动词： （a 省略） Student as he is, he does not study hard. 他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。(4)副词 +as+主语 +谓语部分：例：(very 省略 ) Much as I admire his courage, I don t think he acted wisely. (5)动词原形 +as+主语 +谓语的剩余部分：例：T

29、ry as you will ，you won t be able to persuade him. 3)、表示时间，意为 “ 当 时候 ” 。如： He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。注意: as 引导时态状语从句时，其谓语动词通常只能是动作动词，而不能是静态或状态动词。如：她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。误： Her parents died as she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 正： Her parents died when she was a b

30、aby and she was brought up by her aunt. 4)、表示原因， 引导原因状语从句时，其谓语动词可以是动作动词，也可以是状态动词。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页As you weren t there I left a message. 因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿。另外，引导原因状语从句，可用以下这样的倒装语序。如：Tired as she was, I decided not to disturb her. 因为她累了，我就决定不打扰她了。Writing hurriedl

31、y as she was, she didn t notice the spelling errors. 因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误。5). as 可用来引导时间状语，意为“ 一边 一边 ”如：She sang as she walked home all the way. (一边 一边）6). 连接词 when, while, as的用法区别 ：1while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard

32、 the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用 while) 2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as或 while 。如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3表示 “ 随着 ” ，连词用 as，不用 when 或 while。如： As the election approached, the violence got worse. 4如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一

33、段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与 as 可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 2、 表示 “ 在之前 (或之后 )” 的时间连词 主要有 before, after (之后 ) before 用法归纳1)“才”eg. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2)“不到就”eg. We hadn t run a mile before he felt tir

34、ed. 3)“趁”eg. Please write it down before you forget it. 4)“还没来得及”eg. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 5) before 从句中谓语不用否定式。E.g.：Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 6) It will be/was段时间 before“还要过多久才”eg.：It will be two years before he leaves the country.It will be/wa

35、s not一段时间before“不多久就”eg.： It wasn t two years before he left the country. 3 表 “ 自从 ” 或“ 直到 ” 的时间连词since, until, till。如： Never trouble troubles till trouble troubles you.不要无事惹事。until/till 用法归纳1).until/till 引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是 延续性动词 ，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为 “某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： We waited unt

36、il he came. 2)用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He won t go to bed till/until she returns.3)till 不可以置于句首，而until 可以。 如：Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4)notuntil 句型中的强调和倒装说法：（强调）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. （倒装） Not until you told me did I have any idea of

37、 it. since 用法归纳精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页1). Since 作为介词， 后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如： He left the village in 1982 and I haven t seen him since then.1982 2). Since 作为介词 ，后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如：He left the village

38、in 1982 and I haven t seen him since then.1982. 3) since引导原因状语从句,作为连词“ 因为；既然；鉴于”例如：He didnt come since he was busy. 4). Since引导时间状语从句, “从动作开始的那一时刻起”“从动作或状态结束时算起”(1)“It is （has been ）+时间 +since+持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从以来到现在已有多久。”例如：It has been quite some time since I was last in London. 我上次离开伦(2) “It was+时间

39、+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“从到过去某时间点以来”，例如：It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年。3、 表示 “ 一就” 的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner than, hardly/scarcelywhen 等。如：I ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

40、 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished I ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始 , 便不可停下来。注意： 1) 介词 “ on” 也表示 “ 一、就、” ，非时间状语从句，而是时间状语。on (doing) sth : On his arrival / On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by th

41、e police. 2) 如果 hardly 或 no sooner或 scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 4、 表示 “ 上次 ” 、“ 下次 ” 、 “ 每次 ” 等的时间连词。主要有 every time(每次 )，each time(每次 )，(the) next time(下次 )，any time(随时 )，(the) last time(上次 )，the first time(第一次 )。如：I ll tell him about it (the) next time I se

42、e him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time 前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time 中的冠词可以省略，而 the first time 中的冠词通常不能省略。( 二) 、 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if(如果

43、), unless （=ifnot,” 除非 ,如果不就）as so long as （只要） , as far as （就而论，eg: as far as I know/ I m concerned就我所知）in case （“以防 ,万一 ” ， 其它用法见下面）, on condition that (如果 ); providing / provided (that) ; suppose / supposing (that)（假设，如果）if only （要是多好，但愿）(注: only if “ 只有才 ” ) 如：Do you mind if I open the window? 我

44、开窗你不介意吧? Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。As long as you re happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页注意： 在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的if 之后可能用will ，但那不

45、是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will 为情态动词 )。如：If you will sit down for a few moments, I ll tell the manager you re here. 请稍坐 , 我这就通知经理说您来了。if 与 whether 的用法区别两者在表示 “ 是否 ” 时的用法区别如下：1. 互换的场合：引导宾语从句表示“是否”时, 两者常可互换。如：He asked if whether we wanted a drink. 注：若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用if (意为“如果” )。2. 通常用if 的场合： 当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常

46、用if 而不用whether。如：I don t care if it doesn t rain. 注：在个别词语(如 wonder, not sure 等 )后的从句否定式有时也可能用whether 来引导。如：I wonder if whether he isn t mistaken. 我想知道他是否错了。3. 通常用whether 的场合(1) 引导主语从句且放在句首时。如：Whether he will come is still a question. 他是否会来还是个问题。注：若在句首使用形式主语it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用if 来引导。如：It was not kno

47、wn whether if he would come. 不知他是否会来。(2) 引导表语从句时。如：The question is whether we should go on with the work. 注：引导表语从句偶尔也用if (很不正式 )，但远不如用whether 常见。(3) 引导宾语从句且放在句首时。如：Whether he is single I don t know. 他是否单身，我不知道。(4) 引导让步状语从句时。如：Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that. 不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。(5) 与 or 连用分别引导两

48、个从句时。如：I don t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. 注： or 若不是引导两个从句，而是连接两个词或短语，则也可用if (但不如用whether 常见 )。如：He didn t know if whether we should write or phone. 他不知道我们是写信好还是打电话好。(6) 用于不定式之前时。如：I m not sure whether to stay or leave.I didn t know whether to laugh or to cry. (7) 用于介词之后时。如：It depends

49、on whether the letter arrives in time. (8) 直接与or not 连用时。如： I will write to you whether or not I can come. 我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。注：若不是直接与or not 用在一起，则有时也可用if。如：I dont know whether if he will win or not. (9) 在某些动词后(如 discuss 等 ) 通常只用whether。如：We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. ( 三) 、引导目的状语从句的从属连词

50、。主要的有in order that, so that, in case, lest=for fear that（惟恐） 等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。in case用作连词的用法1）. 表示条件